Tus poj niam Afghan no tau ua lub npe nrov los ntawm tus kws yees duab Steve McCurry, uas tau thaij duab ntawm nws lub ntsej muag thaum nws tseem hluas. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm Soviet-Afghan ua tsov ua rog, thaum Gula xaus rau hauv ib lub chaw tawg rog nyob rau ciam teb nrog Pakistan.
Nws yug xyoo 1972. Vim li cas hnub kwv yees li ntawd? Txog qhov no thiab hais txog leej twg tus ntxhais Afghan nrog lub qhov muag ntsuab yog, txog cov xwm txheej ntsig txog Afghanistan thaum lig 70s thiab thaum ntxov 80s, koj tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no.
About photography
Daim duab, uas tau nrov npe hu ua "tus ntxhais Afghan", yog nto moo heev. Nws qee zaum muab piv rau Leonardo da Vinci cov duab ntawm lub npe nrov Mona Lisa, thiab feem ntau hu ua "Afghan Mona Lisa" ib yam nkaus.
Daim duab ntawm ib tug ntxhais tsis meej pem nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm lub qhov muag ntsuab txawv txawv tau ntev los ua qhov khoom ntawm tib neeg lub siab.
Tus ntxhais Afghan hauv daim duab xav li cas? Dab tsi ntawm nws ob lub qhov muag? Tsis meej pem, ntshai lossis npau taws? Saib lub ntsej muag nocov ntxhais, txhua zaus koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib yam tshiab rau koj tus kheej. Qhov no yog qhov tsis pub leej twg paub txog kev yees duab. Tus ntxhais lub ntsej muag yeej nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas pom nws, vim nws ua rau tsis meej pem.
Nws tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm Afghan teeb meem neeg tawg rog. McCurry nws tus kheej tau hais tias dhau 17 xyoo dhau los, tsis muaj hnub uas nws tsis tau txais email, tsab ntawv, thiab lwm yam txog nws txoj haujlwm. Ntau tus xav pab tus ntxhais no, xa nyiaj lossis txais yuav. Muaj cov uas xav yuav nws.
Cov duab tau muab luam tawm dav dav thiab luam tawm: ntawm cov ntawv xa ntawv, cov ntawv tshaj tawm, hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm loj feem ntau siv cov duab ntawm lawv cov ntawv xov xwm. Txawm tias T-shirts tau luam tawm nrog nws daim duab.
Afghan tus ntxhais Sharbat Gula: biography, lub npe lub ntsiab lus
Muaj tau sau txog tus ntxhais zaj dab neeg. Los ntawm haiv neeg, Sharbat yog Afghan (Pashtun). Nws tsis paub nws lub hnub yug, zoo li xyoo, vim hais tias tus me nyuam tseem tshuav ib tug menyuam ntsuag. Tom qab nws tsev neeg tuag, nws tau mus nyob rau hauv Pakistani neeg tawg rog camp Nasir Bagh. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws yeej tsis tau kawm nyeem, tab sis nws sau tau nws lub npe.
Afghan tus ntxhais sib yuav thaum xyoo 1980s rau tus neeg ua mov ci yooj yim Ramat Gul thiab rov qab mus rau Afghanistan nrog nws tsev neeg hauv 1992. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Sharbat tam sim no muaj 3 tus ntxhais: Robina, Aliya thiab Zahid. Kuj tseem muaj 4 tug ntxhais, tab sis nws tuag sai tom qab yug me nyuam. Tus poj niam cia siab tias nws cov menyuam, piv nrog nws, yuav tau txais kev kawm zoo, kawm nyeem ntawv thiabsau. Sharbat nws tus kheej tsis muaj sijhawm rau qhov no. Tam sim no nws muaj 40 xyoo lawm.
Tus poj niam no yeej tsis xav tias nws nto moo npaum li cas, tau sau ntau npaum li cas txog nws qhov ntsia tho qhov muag. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li nws cov dab neeg, nws tseem nyob hauv nws lub cim xeeb li cas ib tug txiv neej dawb yees duab nws. Nws yeej tsis tau ua dua hauv nws lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib xyoos tom qab kev tua nto moo, nws pib hnav daim ntaub thaiv.
Lub npe ntawm tus ntxhais Afghan (Sharbat Gula) txhais tau tias "paj sherbet" hauv kev txhais lus.
me ntsis txog tus sau daim duab
Daim duab no yog thaij los ntawm tus kws yees duab nto moo Steve McCurry ntawm lub chaw tawg rog hauv Pakistan (Nasir Bagh).
Hauv xyoo 1984, Steve McCurry (National Geographic) tau ua haujlwm nrog Debra Denker los sau cov khoom siv ntawm kev ua tsov rog Soviet-Afghan. Tau nkag mus rau hauv Afghanistan, lawv tau mus xyuas cov neeg tawg rog, uas muaj ntau tus lej ntawm Afghan-Pakistani ciam teb. Tus kws yees duab npaj los piav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg tawg rog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm poj niam thiab menyuam yaus.
Nyob rau xyoo 1985, tus ntxhais Afghan hnub nyoog 13 xyoos nrog lub qhov muag ntsuab tau nthuav tawm ntawm daim npog ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm (National Geographic).
History of photography
Ib tag kis, tus kws yees duab McCurry, taug kev los ntawm Nasir Bagh camp, pom lub tsev pheeb suab uas muaj tsev kawm ntawv. Nws thov tus kws qhia ntawv tso cai thaij duab ob peb tug tub kawm ntawv (tseem muaj li 20 leej xwb). Nws tso cai.
Nws tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm ib tus ntxhais zoo nkauj. Nws nug tus xibhwb txog nws. Nws haishais tias tus ntxhais thiab nws cov txheeb ze uas tseem tshuav tau taug kev ob peb lub lis piam dhau lub roob tom qab lub nyoob hoom qav taub tua lawv lub zos. Qhov tseeb tiag, tus me ntxhais no nyuaj heev, vim nws poob cov neeg nyob ze nws.
McCurry ua duab ntawm Afghan tus ntxhais Gula (nws tsis paub nws lub npe thaum ntawd) ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab xim, thiab tsis muaj teeb pom kev ntxiv.
Qhov "duab yees duab" tsuas yog siv ob peb feeb xwb. Nws tsuas yog tom qab rov qab los rau Washington tias McCurry pom tau tias nws tau thaij duab zoo nkauj npaum li cas. Yees duab npaj (prepress) los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kos duab Georgia (Marietta).
Daim duab zoo siab heev thiab nyuaj rau pom tias tus kws kho duab thaij duab ntawm National Geographic tsis xav siv nws thaum xub thawj, tab sis xaus rau muab tso rau hauv lub npog ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm no nrog cov lus hais tias "Afghan Ntxhais".
Sharbat lub neej niaj hnub no
Nyob ntev ntev txoj hmoo ntawm tus heroine ntawm daim duab nto moo tseem tsis paub. Tom qab McCurry pom nws dua tom qab tshawb nrhiav ntev hauv xyoo 2002, ib yam dab tsi tshwm sim txog nws txoj hmoo nyuaj.
Sharbat lub neej nyuaj heev. Nws tau sib yuav thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos (raws li nws cov ntawv sau tseg, thiab nws tus txiv ntseeg tias thaum 16 xyoo). Txhua txhua hnub ua ntej hnub tuaj thiab tom qab hnub poob, nws ib txwm thov Vajtswv. Txhua txhua hnub nws ua haujlwm hauv tsev: nqa dej los ntawm kwj dej, ntxhua khaub ncaws, ua noj, saib xyuas nws cov menyuam. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej tag nrho yog menyuam yaus.
Nws tus txiv, Rahmat Gul, nyob hauv Peshevan, qhov chaw ua mov ci uas nws ua neej me me.
Tseem muajteeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj. Sharbat muaj mob hawb pob, thiab qhov no tsis pub nws nyob hauv nroog. Nws zoo dua nyob hauv roob. Nws nyob nrog nws tsev neeg hauv pawg neeg nyiam sib ntaus sib tua ntau tshaj plaws (Pashtuns), uas nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tsim lub caj qaum ntawm cov Taliban zog.
Afghan tus ntxhais txog nws tus kheej thiab cov xwm txheej no
Nyob rau xyoo 2002, coj los ntawm Steve McCurry, pab pawg National Geographic magazine tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb los tshawb nrhiav tib tus ntxhais (ua ntej ntawd, qee qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kuj tau ua).
Thiab yog li ntawd, tsis ntev tau muaj daim duab tshiab, tab sis twb tiav lawm Sharbat: nyob rau hauv ib lub tsho ntev, ib lub tsho poj niam thiab nrog ib daim ntaub thaiv (nrog rau kev tso cai ntawm nws tus txiv). Thiab dua, lub lens ntes lub qhov muag ntawm tus ntxhais Afghan, tab sis twb loj hlob lawm.
Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, nws ciaj sia los ntawm Vajtswv lub siab nyiam. Nws ntseeg tias nws tsev neeg nyob hauv qab cov Taliban zoo dua li nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev foob pob.
Nws kuj hais tias cov neeg Amelikas tab tom rhuav tshem lawv lub neej, ib yam li cov neeg Lavxias ib zaug ua. Tib neeg, hauv nws txoj kev xav, nkees ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, ntxeem tau thiab poob ntshav. Txij li thaum lub teb chaws muaj ib tug thawj coj tshiab, cov neeg Afghanistan tau txais kev cia siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ci ntsa iab, tab sis txhua zaus lawv raug ntxias thiab poob siab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Sharbat tau pom qhov tsis txaus siab rau daim duab no thaum yau ntawm nws: koj pom, nws tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub shawl nrog lub qhov, uas nws tseem nco ntsoov, nws hlawv nws li cas hauv qhov cub.
Zoo kawg
Tus ntxhais lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj nrog nws lub ntsej muag bewitching hais txog kev zoo siab zais rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev txiav txim siab, khov kho thiabmeej mom. Txawm hais tias nws pom tseeb tias nws yog neeg pluag, nws muaj kev nom kev tswv thiab lub zog tiag tiag hauv nws. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, hauv nws ob lub qhov muag koj tuaj yeem pom tag nrho cov kev txom nyem thiab kev tsim txom uas cov neeg Afghan yooj yim, kev txom nyem ntev dhau mus.
