Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus: keeb kwm hypotheses

Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus: keeb kwm hypotheses
Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus: keeb kwm hypotheses
Anonim

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws paub lus paub txog keeb kwm ntawm ib hom lus tshwj xeeb ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txog kev txheeb ze ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Cov kev tshawb fawb no yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kwv yees, vim tias qee zaum nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm qhov no lossis qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, qhov zais zais zais ntawm tib neeg tau pom, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ntawm cov lus hauv ntiaj teb, ntau thiab ntau qhov tseeb tau pom pom tias txhua txoj kev sib txuas lus los ntawm ib qho pib. Muaj ntau yam versions hais txog keeb kwm ntawm ib pawg lus tshwj xeeb. Xav txog dab tsi keeb kwm ntawm Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus muaj.

Lub tswvyim no suav nrog dab tsi?

Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus
Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus

Cov tsev neeg Indo-European ntawm hom lus tau raug hu ua los ntawm cov kws paub lus Askiv raws li qhov zoo sib xws, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov zoo sib xws, ua pov thawj siv cov txheej txheem keeb kwm sib piv. Nws suav nrog txog 200 tus neeg nyob thiab tuag txoj kev sib txuas lus. Tsev neeg hom lus no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov neeg hais lus uas nws tus lej tshaj qhov cim ntawm 2.5billion. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov lus tsis txwv rau lub moj khaum ntawm lub xeev tshwj xeeb, nws tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Lo lus "Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm hom lus" tau qhia hauv 1813 los ntawm ib tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv nto moo Thomas Young. Interestingly, ib tug British physicist yog thawj zaug decipher ib tug Egyptian inscription nrog Cleopatra lub npe.

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm

Tsev neeg Indo-European lus
Tsev neeg Indo-European lus

Vim qhov tseeb tias tsev neeg hais lus Indo-European suav tias yog qhov muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xav paub qhov twg nws cov neeg hais lus tuaj ntawm. Muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus hais txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kab lus no, cov ntaub ntawv luv luv txog qhov uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li hauv qab no:

1. Anatolian kev xav. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj versions txog keeb kwm ntawm niam txiv lus thiab hais txog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg Indo-European. Nws tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm Askiv archaeologist Colin Renfrew. Nws tau hais tias lub teb chaws ntawm tsev neeg ntawm hom lus no yog thaj chaw uas tam sim no nyob hauv thaj chaw Turkish ntawm Chatal-Hyuyuk (Anatolia). Tus kws tshawb fawb lub tswv yim yog ua raws li qhov kev tshawb pom pom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, nrog rau nws txoj haujlwm tsom xam siv cov kev sim tshuaj radiocarbon. Lwm tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv Barry Cunliff, paub txog nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm, kuj suav tias yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm Anatolian keeb kwm.

2. Lub Kurgan hypothesis. Cov ntawv no tau thov los ntawm Marija Gimbutas, uas yog ib tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kab lis kev cai thiab kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg. Xyoo 1956, hauv nws cov ntawv sau, nws tau hais tiasIndo-European tsev neeg ntawm cov lus keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Russia thiab Ukraine. Lub version yog raws li qhov tseeb hais tias Kurgan-hom kab lis kev cai thiab lub Pit-type kab lis kev cai tau tsim, thiab hais tias ob yam no maj mam kis mus rau feem ntau ntawm Eurasia.

pab pawg ntawm Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm cov lus
pab pawg ntawm Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm cov lus

3. Balkan hypothesis. Raws li qhov kev xav no, nws ntseeg tau tias cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Indo-Europeans nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov teb chaws Europe niaj hnub. Cov kab lis kev cai no tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Balkan Peninsula thiab suav nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm sab ntsuj plig tsim nyob rau hauv Neolithic era. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau tso tawm cov qauv no raws li lawv cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais lus, raws li qhov "center of gravity" (uas yog, lub teb chaws los yog qhov chaw) ntawm kev faib lus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas lus zoo tshaj plaws. pom.

Cov tsev neeg Indo-European ntawm cov lus suav nrog cov kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub niaj hnub no. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm linguists ua pov thawj qhov sib xws ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no, nrog rau qhov tseeb tias txhua tus neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab, thiab tsuas yog qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev ua phem thiab kev nkag siab ntawm ntau haiv neeg.

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