Cov lus Bosnian ib zaug tawm ntawm Serbo-Croatian lus tom qab Yugoslavia tawg mus rau ntau lub tebchaws ywj pheej. Niaj hnub no, Bosnian tau hais lus hauv Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, txawm li cas los xij, paub txog nws, koj tuaj yeem taug kev ncig Croatia, Montenegro thiab Serbia yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev hais lus.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian thiab Montenegrin yog ua raws tib hom lus, ua kom tag nrho cov lus no yuav luag zoo ib yam. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj nyob ntawm Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, tsis muaj kev faib tawm: muaj ib hom lus Serbo-Croatian.
Txog hnub no, cov lus Bosnian tsis muaj ib qho kev lees paub. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj cov lus sau ntawm Bosniaks, uas yog, haiv neeg Muslims, thaum Bosnians yog Bosnians tsim nyog, thiab Bosnian Orthodox Serbs, thiab Catholic Croats.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab hnub tuaj
Bosnian yog lus ntawm ib feem ntawm South Slavs,nyob hauv Bosnia thiab hauv ib cheeb tsam hauv Serbia (lub npe hu ua Novopazar Sandzhak, uas nyob ntawm Serbian-Montenegrin ciam teb). Nws kuj yog ib yam lus tseem ceeb hauv Kosovo.
Txawm tias Bosnian zoo ib yam li Serbian, Montenegrin thiab Croatian, nws tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua tus. Puas tau txij li thaum lub tebchaws Ottoman lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv Balkans, nws yog cov Bosnians, raws li Muslims, uas tau txais ntau tus Turkish, nrog rau Persian thiab Arabisms los hais lus. Serbs kuj siv cov qiv nyiaj Turkish, tab sis ntau zaus tsawg.
Islam tuaj rau hauv Bosnian thaj chaw nrog rau cov Turks, thiab cov thawj coj hauv zos, nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm kev tsis txaus siab ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej, hloov siab los ntseeg no. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Islam kiag li hloov cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub sab sauv strata ntawm cov pejxeem, zoo heev influencing cov lus ntawm cov lus.
Ntse ntawm Bosnian lus
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, lub xeev cov lus ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina txawv ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze feem ntau los ntawm ntau cov lus Turkish. Turkishisms raug suav hais tias tsis yog tsuas yog cov lus qub ntawm cov lus Turkish, pom hauv daim ntawv ntshiab hauv Bosnian, tab sis kuj cov lus uas nws thiaj li hloov mus rau Slavic lo lus tsim.
Koj tuaj yeem ua piv txwv lo lus kapija, uas hauv Bosnian txhais tau tias "lub rooj vag / rooj vag". Qhov no yog lo lus Turkish kapı, uas txhais tau tias "lub rooj vag". Los yog Bosnian (thiab tsis tsuas yog) lo lus jastuk (lub hauv ncoo), uas tau tsim los ntawm Turkish yastık (lub hauv ncoo).
Nrog rau lwm tusTurkishisms yog raws li nram no:
- Ahlak moral - tus cwj pwm zoo.
- Čardak (chardak) - pem teb sab saum toj hauv tsev. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv Serbian, lo lus Čardak yog hais txog ib tug me me storehouse rau pob kws.
- Divaniti - tham.
- Džennet - ntuj ceeb tsheej.
- Džemat - tuam txhab, vajvoog ntawm cov phooj ywg.
Qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov qiv nyiaj Turkish hauv Bosnian. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog nws qhov tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb. Ntxiv rau qhov hnyav Turkishized, Bosnian tau maj mam raug tshem tawm ntawm cov lus Serbian thiab hloov los ntawm cov Croatian, txawm hais tias qee cov lus Serbian ruaj khov, piv txwv li, niko (tsis muaj leej twg), thiab tsis yog Croatian nitko hauv tib lub siab.
Thiab qhov thib peb ntawm cov lus Bosnian yog kev siv lub suab lus h hauv qee lo lus:
- "kom mam li tshwm sim" - hauv Serbian thiab Croatian, lo lus zoo li banatu, thiab hauv Bosnian - bahnuti;
- lo lus "xav" hauv Serbian / Croatian yog oriti se, thaum nyob hauv Bosnian nws yog horiti se;
- lwm tus piv txwv yog lo lus hudovica (tus poj ntsuam), uas hauv Serbian Croatian suab zoo li udovica (tsis muaj "h" phoneme);
- Lo lus meki thiab mehki, uas txhais tau tias "mos", raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub xov tooj "h" tau siv dua hauv Bosnian variant.
Yuav kawm Bosnian
Cov lus hais hauv Bosnia thiabHerzegovina, ntau haiv neeg. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, nws yog lus Slavic nrog cov lus sib xyaw loj ntawm Turkish, Persian thiab Arabic. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas tau kawm yav dhau los, piv txwv li, Croatian, yuav nkag siab yooj yim Bosnian.
Nws yooj yim heev rau tus neeg hais lus Lavxias kom kawm lus Bosnian, vim nws zoo ib yam li Lavxias. Tsis tas li ntawd, niaj hnub no muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov ntawv thov thiab qhov chaw rau kev kawm lus txawv teb chaws, txawm tias tsis nrov heev. Nws yog tsim nyog nkag mus rau "Learn the Bosnian language" rau hauv kev tshawb fawb cav kab, thiab nws yuav muab ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, phau ntawv txhais lus, kab lus, cov txheej txheem rau kev kawm hom lus no.
