Geography ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov koom pheej thiab lawv cov peev hauv Russia

Cov txheej txheem:

Geography ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov koom pheej thiab lawv cov peev hauv Russia
Geography ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov koom pheej thiab lawv cov peev hauv Russia
Anonim

Kev tsim cov koom pheej hauv tebchaws Russia pib tam sim ntawd tom qab kev yeej ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, thaum lub teb chaws autonomies nrog cov kev tswj hwm sib txawv pib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas RSFSR. Tom qab ntawd, cov ciam teb ntawm cov koom pheej, lawv cov naj npawb thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog tsoom fwv hauv nruab nrab tau rov kho dua, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Soviet lig lawv cov xov tooj tau ruaj khov, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no uas RSFSR hloov mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation.

daim ntawv qhia ntawm russia nrog tsoom fwv cheeb tsam
daim ntawv qhia ntawm russia nrog tsoom fwv cheeb tsam

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias Federation

Cov koom pheej nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation tsim tsawg dua ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 85 cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia, thaum muaj nees nkaum-ob lub koom pheej ntawm lawv.

Cov koom pheej ntawm Lavxias Federation muaj cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog tsoomfwv hauv nruab nrab. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag thiab se nrog tsoomfwv thiab qee yam kev cai ywj pheej, uas tau hais hauv txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov koom pheej.tsim kom muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev qhia hom lus thiab kab lis kev cai hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm qib siab.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias muaj pes tsawg lub tebchaws muaj nyob hauv Lavxias Federation raug txiav txim los ntawm nws txoj cai lij choj, uas teev txhua yam kev kawm. Txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm cheeb tsam tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, cov koom pheej tsis txaus siab rau kev sib koom ua ke thiab sib cais, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov haiv neeg hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb.

Central square ntawm petrozavodsk
Central square ntawm petrozavodsk

Republics of the North Caucasus

Lub North Caucasian Federal District tej zaum tuav cov ntaub ntawv rau cov naj npawb ntawm lub teb chaws autonomies, txhua tus muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab nyuaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog tsoomfwv Lavxias.

North Caucasus yog thaj chaw keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia, uas muaj nws keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshawb fawb. Cov cheeb tsam suav nrog thaj chaw ntawm Greater Caucasus Range thiab Ciscaucasia, nws kuj suav nrog Hiav Txwv Dub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Russia, txawm hais tias los ntawm kev saib xyuas, Krasnodar Territory belongs rau Southern Federal District.

Muaj yim lub tebchaws nyob hauv North Caucasus hauv Lavxias Federation, uas yog, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov koom pheej ntawm Lavxias. Ntawm lawv:

  • Adygea, nws lub peev yog Maikop;
  • North Ossetia-Alania nrog nws lub peev hauv Vladikavkaz;
  • Karachay-Cherkessia, nws lub peev yog Cherkessk;
  • Chechnya, lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws yog lub nroog Grozny;
  • Kabardino-Balkaria nrog nws cov peev hauv Nalchik;
  • Dagestan thiab nwspeev Makhachkala;
  • Kalmykia, uas nws lub peev thiab lub nroog loj tshaj plaws yog Elista;
  • Ingushetia nrog nws lub peev hauv Magas.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txoj haujlwm ntawm Kalmykia mus rau North Caucasus yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, txij li qee qhov peev txheej no koom nrog thaj av Volga.

saib ntawm Kazan Kremlin
saib ntawm Kazan Kremlin

Lub tebchaws ntawm thaj av Volga

Cov peev ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm Lavxias Federation kuj yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv lawv thaj av. Bashkortostan yog tsis muaj kev zam nyob rau hauv no series, txij li thaum nws lub peev, lub nroog ntawm Ufa, yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub koom pheej thiab ib tug tseem ceeb scientific, industrial thiab kev kawm center ntawm lub Volga cheeb tsam.

Lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Mari El, kuj yog nyob rau hauv lub Volga Federal District, yog lub nroog ntawm Yoshkar-Ola, uas nws cov pejxeem tshaj ob puas thiab rau caum txhiab tus neeg.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pej xeem yog lub nroog Saransk, nrog cov pej xeem ntau dua peb puas txhiab tus neeg. Lub nroog no yog lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Mordovia.

Lub tebchaws muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av Volga yog Tatarstan, cov pej xeem ntawm lub peev uas, Kazan, tshaj li ib lab ob puas txhiab tus neeg, thiab nrog rau cov agglomeration mus txog ib thiab ib nrab lab. Tatarstan yog tus thawj coj tsis txaus ntseeg hais txog qhov zoo ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab qib kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam, thiab nws cov peev txhua xyoo nyiam ntau pua txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws.

Lub Udmurt koom pheej tseem nyob hauv thaj av Volga. Lub koom pheej tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai tshwj xeeb ntawm Lenin thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 4, 1920 ntawm kev tsim. National autonomy ntawm nws thaj chaw. Cov pej xeem ntawm tag nrho cov koom pheej niaj hnub no tsawg dua ib thiab ib nrab lab tus tib neeg, thiab nws tau poob mus tas li, vim tias kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam tsis ruaj khov, thiab theem ntawm lub neej tsis zoo.

Chuvashia yog lwm lub tebchaws ntawm Lavxias Lavxias, nyob hauv thaj av Volga. Ib yam li cov pej xeem ntawm lwm tus, tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov neeg nyob kuj tseem poob qis thiab niaj hnub no muaj txog ib lab ob puas txhiab tus neeg. Cov pejxeem ntawm nws lub nroog, lub nroog ntawm Cheboksary, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tab tom loj hlob thiab niaj hnub no muaj plaub puas yim caum txhiab tus neeg.

saib ntawm pob zeb diamond chaw txua txiag zeb hauv Yakutia
saib ntawm pob zeb diamond chaw txua txiag zeb hauv Yakutia

Asian ib feem ntawm Russia

Tseem muaj cov koom pheej hauv tebchaws Esxias ntawm Lavxias Federation. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Lub Tebchaws ntawm Altai nrog nws lub peev hauv Gorno-Altaisk.
  • Lub koom pheej ntawm Buryatia nrog nws lub peev hauv nroog Ulan-Ude.
  • Lub koom pheej ntawm Yakutia yog qhov kev kawm loj tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub peev ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thiab muaj neeg nyob tsawg yog lub nroog Yakutsk, uas nws cov pej xeem muaj ntau tshaj peb puas txhiab tus neeg.
  • Lub koom pheej ntawm Tyva koom nrog USSR tsuas yog xyoo 1944 thiab tom qab ntawd los ua tus yau tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Federation. Lub peev thiab lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam yog lub nroog Kyzyl.
  • Lub koom pheej ntawm Khakassia yog suav tias yog ib feem ntawm East Siberian kev lag luam macroregion. Nws lub peev yog lub nroog Abakan, uas nws cov pej xeem muaj tshaj 181,000 tus neeg thiab tau loj hlob tas li, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim kev nrawm ntawm nroog loj hauv cheeb tsam.
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Northwestern Federal District

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Northwestern Federal District muaj ob lub tebchaws - Komi thiab Karelia.

Lub peev ntawm thawj yog lub nroog Syktyvkar, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1780, ib txhiab kilometers sab hnub tuaj ntawm Moscow. Lub nroog txuas nrog lub peev ntawm Russia los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev tsav tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nroog muaj tshav dav hlau.

Lwm lub tebchaws nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob tebchaws Russia yog Karelia, ciam teb Finland. Txij li thaum lub tebchaws nyob ze rau St. Petersburg, nws cov pej xeem tau poob qis vim yog cov pejxeem tsiv mus rau lub nroog loj dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pej xeem ntawm Karelian peev tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua txij li xyoo 2007, mus txog 278,000 los ntawm 2017. Thiab qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov koom pheej tab tom ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv nroog thiab cov neeg nyob ntawm cov chaw me me.

Kev hais tshwj xeeb tsim nyog rau koom pheej ntawm Crimea, uas tau koom nrog Russia hauv 2014 tom qab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tawm suab nyob rau hauv ceg av qab teb. Teb cov lus nug txog yuav ua li cas muaj pes tsawg lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias muaj nees nkaum ob ntawm lawv, suav nrog Crimea.

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