Vilna xeev yog ib nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm hauv tebchaws

Cov txheej txheem:

Vilna xeev yog ib nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm hauv tebchaws
Vilna xeev yog ib nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm hauv tebchaws
Anonim

Vilna xeev nrog cov pej xeem ntawm ntau dua ib thiab ib nrab lab tus tib neeg, thiab ib zaug ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws raws li ib qho kev ywj pheej tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam, tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm keeb kwm. Niaj hnub no, nws thaj chaw tau faib nruab nrab ntawm Belarus thiab Lithuania, thiab lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm Vilna, tau hloov nws lub npe, tau dhau los ua lub npe nrov Vilnius.

Vilna xeev
Vilna xeev

Lub xeev tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Catherine II

Tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Cov Ncej coj los ntawm Kosciuszko xaus rau hauv kev swb xyoo 1794, lub xeev Polish-Lithuanian thaum kawg tau ua tiav. Ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, Russia, Austria thiab Prussia tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus raws li ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws uas ntxeev siab tau raug muab rau lawv txhua tus. Txoj cai no tau poob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li "Qhov thib peb Partition ntawm Poland".

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kos npe, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau tuav cov av nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kab Kab thiab ciam teb los ntawm txoj kab Grodno-Nemirov, tag nrho cheeb tsam uas yog ib puas thiab nees nkaum txhiab square kilometers.. Ib xyoo tom qab, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Catherine II, lub Vilna xeev tau tsim rau lawv, qhov chaw ntawm uas yog.lub nroog Vilna (tam sim no Vilnius).

Kev hloov pauv tom ntej ntawm Vilna xeev

Txij hnub uas nws tsim, lub xeev tau muab faib ua kaum ib lub nroog: Shavelsky, Troksky, Rossiensky, Kovno, Vilkomirsky, Braslavsky, Upitsky, Telshevsky, Oshmyansky, Zavileysky thiab Vilensky. Txawm li cas los xij, Paul I, uas tau tuav lub zwm txwv hauv xyoo 1796, tau pib nws txoj kev kav nrog ntau txoj kev tswj hwm thiab kev hloov kho thaj chaw, uas cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub xeev tshiab.

Raws li nws txoj cai ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, 1796, lub xeev Vilna tau koom ua ke nrog Slonim tus thawj tswj hwm, vim li ntawd lub xeev Lithuanian tau tshwm sim hauv daim duab qhia ntawm Russia nyob rau xyoo ntawd, lub chaw tswj hwm uas tseem nyob. lub nroog Vilna.

Vilna xeev nobility
Vilna xeev nobility

Qhov kev tsim tsa thawj tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw tshiab no tsuas yog tsib xyoos xwb thiab tom qab kev nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Alexander kuv tau rov muab faib ua thaj chaw ywj pheej uas yav dhau los tsim nws. Txij no mus, lub xeev Slonim qub tau pib hu ua Grodno, thiab Vilna mus txog rau xyoo 1840 hu ua Lithuanian-Vilna.

Nkauj kho siab ua ntej rov tig rov los txog lub xeev

Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm lub xeev Vilna ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws hloov nws cov duab ntawm daim ntawv qhia yog nyob rau hauv 1843, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Nicholas I. kev kawm ntawm lub federation thiab tsim lub xeev Kovno.

YogYog li, nws qhov loj me tau muab txo qis, thiab kom txog thaum nws tshem tawm hauv xyoo 1920, Vilna xeev suav nrog Troksky, Oshmyansky, Sventsyansky thiab Vilna counties. Disna, Vileika, thiab Lida lub nroog, uas yav dhau los tau koom nrog lub xeev Grodno thiab Minsk, kuj tau txuas nrog lawv.

Vilna Governorate ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws
Vilna Governorate ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

Qhov loj thiab qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub xeev

Nyob rau xyoo 1897, kev suav pej xeem pej xeem tau ua nyob rau hauv Russia, cov txiaj ntsig uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab tias leej twg lub xeev Vilna tau nyob hauv cov xyoo ntawd. Cov npe ntawm cov chaw nyob uas tau sau npe ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tau ua tiav suav nrog nws thaj chaw tag nrho thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob, tag nrho cov pej xeem yog 1,591,308 tus neeg, ntawm cov neeg Belarusians suav txog 52.2%, Lithuanians - 13.7%, cov neeg Yudais - 17.1%, Poles - 12.4% thiab Russians tsuas yog 4.7%. Qhov piv ntawm cov pej xeem pawg raws li lawv txoj kev ntseeg kuj paub. Feem ntau yog Catholics - 58.7%, ua raws li Orthodox - 27.8%, cov neeg Yudais, muaj txog 12.8%. Qhov no yog li cas lub xeev Vilna zoo li nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Cov nom tswv, nrog rau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem zoo tib yam uas nyob hauv nws thaj chaw, tsis lees txais lub kiv puag ncig thiab thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tau txhawb nqa White Guard zog, uas tso lawv tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm Soviet. zog. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm.

Kev tshem tawm lub xeev thiab faib nws thaj chaw

Nyob rau xyoo 1920, tom qab kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tuaRussia, Belarus, nrog rau Ukraine ntawm ib sab, thiab Poland ntawm lwm qhov, tau kos npe rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, kos npe rau lub Peb Hlis 18, 1921 hauv Riga, Vilna Governorate tau tso tseg los ua ib pawg tswj hwm ywj pheej-ib thaj chaw.

Vilna xeev daim ntawv teev cov chaw muaj neeg nyob
Vilna xeev daim ntawv teev cov chaw muaj neeg nyob

Qhov kawg kuv tau dotted thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1939, thaum, tsis quav ntsej txog kev xav ntawm tsoomfwv Belarusian, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet Union tau hloov lub nroog Vilna, nrog rau thaj tsam Vilna, mus rau Lithuania rau lub sijhawm kaum tsib. xyoo. Daim ntawv cog lus no kuj tau muab rau txoj cai coj nees nkaum txhiab tus tub rog Soviet mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Lithuania. Txij thaum ntawd los, tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm Republic of Lithuania, tom qab ntawd los ua ib feem ntawm USSR, lub nroog tau hloov nws lub npe qub rau Vilnius.

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