Cov tsev kawm ntawv, raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Kawm", yog cov koom haum uas ua cov txheej txheem kev kawm. Lawv ua raws ib lossis ntau yam kev qhia.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv muab kev kawm, kev cob qhia, kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm (cov tub ntxhais kawm), yog cov koom haum raug cai. Hauv nws lub neej, ib tug neeg mus dhau ntau theem ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev xav, kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Nrog kev pab los ntawm pej xeem kev kawm, ib tug me me tiv nrog txhua theem.
Stages of development
Ib tug me nyuam tau txais tos los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool (DOE). Tom qab ntawd los txog lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, qhov uas tus menyuam paub txog nws tus cwj pwm txawv. Qhov thib peb theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog kev kawm dav dav (gymnasium, lyceum). Ces tus me nyuam tau txais kev kawm theem nrab lossis siab dua, tom qabuas txhais tau hais tias kev kawm tiav qib siab.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ib hom ntxiv: cov tsev ua yeeb yam menyuam yaus, tsev kawm kos duab, ncaws pob ncaws pob, seev cev studio yog tsom rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov me nyuam kawm tom qab qhov kawg ntawm zaj lus qhia. Nws kuj muaj kev cob qhia hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv kho, cadet corps.
Kev kawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev kawm, uas, ntxiv rau kev kawm, ntxiv rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm txhua tus menyuam.
Preschool
Ib lub xeev lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm hom no, nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua ub no, muab faib ua ob peb hom. Kindergarten ntawm ib hom kev loj hlob dav dav, uas ib lossis ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, kindergarten tshwj xeeb hauv lub cev, kos duab, zoo nkauj, kev txawj ntse ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools.
Tseem tseem muaj cov tsev kawm qib siab them nyiaj, uas lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev kho qhov sib txawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
Kindergarten ntawm kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev saib xyuas yog npaj rau kev tiv thaiv, kev huv-kev huv, kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua ub no.
Txoj kev kawm ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ib hom kev sib koom ua ke tso cai ua ke ntawm kev ua si, nyiaj pab, pab pawg loj hlob.
Cov chaw kho mob me me yog tsim los rau kev puas siab puas ntsws thiabKev loj hlob ntawm lub cev, kho thiab kho cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm DU.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kawm preschool
Lub xeev lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog tsom los daws cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- kev ua kom lub cev thiab lub hlwb noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool;
- tus kheej, kev txawj ntse ntawm tus menyuam;
- ua raws li kev kho thaum kuaj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool;
- kev tsim txiaj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.
DOE muaj tus account tam sim no, charter, foob, ntawv sau. Txoj kev kawm ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, tsim rau kev kawm preschool hauv Lavxias Federation.
Children's preschool institution yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation uas siv cov kev kawm dav dav rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool ntau yam, uas pab txhawb kev loj hlob, kev kawm, kev saib xyuas, kev kho mob, thiab kev saib xyuas cov me nyuam los ntawm ob lub hlis mus rau xya xyoo. hnub nyoog.
Private preschools
Tam sim no, ntau thiab ntau dua cov tsev kawm ntiag tug (tsis yog xeev) tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev tso cai rau cov haujlwm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv rau lub xeev. Paubpedagogical kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv private kindergartens tsuas yog cov kws qhia ntawv nrog rau lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj. Lawv ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim cov kev pab cuam, zoo ib yam li cov dej num ntawm cov npoj yaig hauv cov tsev kawm preschools.
Txoj Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws
Lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv nroog tau muab faib ua ob peb hom. Ntawm lawv yog gymnasiums, cadet corps, ua haujlwm (kub tsaus ntuj) tsev kawm ntawv, kev kawm ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Lawv kuj suav nrog kev kawm dav dav, cov tsev kawm theem pib.
Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyiaj txiag rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm theem pib muab kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev kawm preschool thiab theem pib, kev loj hlob, kev kawm.
Cov Xib Fwb muab kev pom zoo rau kev txhim kho kev sib txuas lus, muaj tswv yim, kev txawj ntse ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm zoo rau lawv hom lus thiab kab lis kev cai.
Lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv cov qib pib yog qhov ua tau raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub (ib xyoos), cov phiaj xwm qhia, nrog rau lub sijhawm qhia.
Views
Ntawm cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb hauv tsoomfwv yog:
- tsev kawm ntawv theem pib;
- tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb;
- high schools;
- tsev kawm ntawv loj;
- gymnasiums (muab kev kawm ntxaws ntawm ntau thaj chaw: humanitarian, scientific);
- lyceums nrog txawvprofiles.
tsev kawm ntawv ntiav
Ntxiv rau qhov pub dawb lyceums thiab gymnasiums tsim los tsim cov kev kawm ntawm tus kheej rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm, cov tsev kawm ntiag tug (kev lag luam) tam sim no tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv no xeem dhau qhov kev xeem zaum kawg ib yam li cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm pej xeem (dawb) cov koom haum kev kawm. Tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj kawg thiab kev xeem hauv lub xeev, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntiag tug tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj hauv lub xeev, muaj cai nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm theem nrab thiab qib siab.
Kev kawm tshwj xeeb theem nrab
Nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm raug lees paub los ntawm kev kawm tsis tiav thiab ua tiav theem nrab, nyob ntawm qhov profile thiab tsom. Muaj qee yam txheej txheem rau kev nkag mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsim los ntawm Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias Federation. Ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci kev kawm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm raws li cov kev kawm uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev kawm theem no.
Kev Kawm Qib Siab
Thaum pib ntawm nees nkaum xyoo pua, ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis yog-xeev (tus nqi them) ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws tau pib tshwm sim hauv Russia. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev kawm no, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hauv lub xeev lees paub tias muaj kev kawm qib siab.
Tsis muaj lub xeev lees paub, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ua lag luamkev kawm tsis muaj cai los ua kev kawm, txais, cob qhia, kawm tiav.
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov neeg kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm kev lag luam ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws muaj qib qis ntawm kev paub zoo, tsis xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam, ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv tau raug kaw los ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Ministry of Education ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Tam sim no, ob qho tib si ntiag tug (them them) thiab pej xeem (dawb) cov koom haum kev kawm ntawm ntau qib ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias Federation. Cov nyiaj tsis txaus ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool tau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav. Yog lawm, thaum npaj lawv, cov neeg ua lag luam yuav tsum tau ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai lij choj txoj cai ntawm cov pej xeem me hauv peb lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb, kom tau txais kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob. Lub xeev tseem saib xyuas cov kev pab cuam uas siv hauv cov tsev kawm them nyiaj (tsis yog xeev) ntawm txhua qib, txij li qib kindergarten mus rau kev kawm tshwj xeeb siab dua. Yog tias ua txhaum txoj cai lij choj "Rau Kev Kawm", lub xeev muaj cai kaw ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tsis yog lub xeev.
