Cov riam phom qub Lavxias teb sab melee - shestoper. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub XIII-XVII centuries. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm mace, uas ob peb daim hlau hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm plaub yog welded. tshwm sim los ntawm multiblade maces.
History of tshwm sim
Lub ntsej muag ntawm riam phom shestoper muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav thaum ub. Nws cov thawj coj tam sim no suav hais tias yog lub club nrog cov yam ntxwv thickening thaum kawg. Thaum pib, tib neeg tau tawm tsam nrog cov koom haum zoo tshaj plaws, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho lawv. Thaum cov hlau thiab thawj cov cuab yeej tau tshwm sim, hloov lub club yooj yim mus rau hauv ib yam dab tsi ntau dua los ua ib qho yuav tsum.
Nws tsim nyog lees paub tam sim ntawd tias Lavxias teb sab maces, uas yog nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog thaum ntxov, xyaum tsis tau kawm. Tab sis nws yog los ntawm lawv hais tias lub ancient Lavxias teb sab riam phom shestoper originated. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws sau keeb kwm piav qhia txhua qhov kev pom, los ntawm qhov peb tuaj yeem xaus tias nyob rau hauv 10th-13th centuries lub mace yog heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Transnistria.
Txheeb xyuas qhov kev tshawb pom archaeological, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias qib siab ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm tib neeg tau pom txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov txiv neej cov pej xeem nqa riam phom. Cov cuab yeej zoo ntawm cov tub rog kuj tawm tsam, thaum txhua tus tub rog muaj ntau hom riam phom.
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Qhov tseeb, ob lub mace thiab club, los ntawm cov riam phom rau rab phom tuaj, yog cov koom haum txhim kho. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, nws tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia uas lawv twv yuav tsum sib tov riam phom nrog percussion riam phom, tab sis nws yog nyob ntawm no tias ib tug hlau qws nrog ntse daim hlau nyob rau hauv lub kawg, uas kuj hu ua feathers, tau dav dav. Qhov no yog mace - lub club txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, raws li ntau tus hu nws thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
Feem ntau, muaj rau ntawm cov plaub no, yog li lub npe ntawm riam phom. Nws cov lus piav qhia tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm ib tus neeg tsis paub txawv tebchaws uas tuaj xyuas Russia nyob rau ntau pua xyoo. Nws sau tseg tias nws yog riam phom txias-zoo li rab phom uas muaj cov kua hlau uas muaj rau lub ntsej muag. Tag nrho lawv tau raug ntaus rau ntawm qhov hnyav.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm mace rau hauv riam phom mace yog vim muaj qhov ua tau zoo uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm Kievan Rus, txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th, lub tseem ceeb quab yuam thiab lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog yog warriors, lub thiaj li hu ua hnyav infantry. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, raws li txoj cai, cov khoom xa tuaj tau siv los tiv thaiv.
Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XII, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv Western Europe thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, cov kev haum xeeb tau tshwm sim rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm thiaj li hu ua hom-tsim armor. Nws yogmuaj ua ntej, tab sis ua lub luag haujlwm thib ob. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm dhau los, cov neeg tua phom txaus siab rau hom cuab yeej no ntawm nws qhov muaj nqis tiag tiag, txij li cov phiaj xwm sib tshooj ib leeg thaum sib sau ua ke rau qhov kev ncua deb, uas ua rau ob npaug ntawm lub thickness ntawm armor nws tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov curvature ntawm daim phiaj lawv tus kheej tau pab ua kom lub tshuab tau txais los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Kev piav qhia
Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov riam phom Lavxias uas tuag taus - lub shestoper. Outwardly, nws yog ib hom mace, thiab ob peb sharply sharpened thiab muaj zog steel daim hlau yog welded rau lub taub hau hlau.
Lub shestoper tuaj rau nws qhov zoo li qub nyob ib ncig ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. Nws qhov hnyav thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsis pub tshaj ib kilogram, ncav cuag qhov nruab nrab ntawm 700 g. Qhov ntev ntawm shestoper yog kwv yees li 70 centimeters. Nws yog kev cai los tuav nws nrog ib txhais tes los ntawm tus kov, uas tau sib cais los ntawm ib lub nplhaib hlau. Tom qab ua tus saib xyuas.
Muaj kev hloov kho rau nws uas ua rau cov miner ua riam phom tawg. Piv txwv li, ib tug nuv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm nws, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem ntes cov yeeb ncuab riam phom. Vim nws lub teeb yuag, nws yooj yim los tswj. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm qub ua ntej qhov kev tawm tsam, nws feem ntau raug tshem tawm. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no nws yooj yim dua los ntes tus yeeb ncuab riam phom nrog nuv lossis ntaus nrog dab teg.
kev sib ntaus sib tua
Tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau lub ntsej muag yog qhov yooj yim li sai tau. ntaus rogswung thiab ntaus nyuaj npaum li sai tau, xav ntaus lub taub hau.
Yog tias lub tshuab yog qhov tseeb, tsis yog lub kaus mom hlau lossis lub cev armor tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws. Nws muab ib tug stabbing los yog poking tshuab. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tawm tsam nws lub tshuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg coob coob.
Cov batons lawv tus kheej feem ntau muaj cov hlua tawv, uas muaj ob lub hom phiaj. Yog tias tus yeeb ncuab nyob deb heev, lub club tau dai ntawm caj npab, thiab hmuv tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis thaum tus yeeb ncuab nyob ze, nws yog qhov yooj yim los khaws nws thiab muab tso rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau rab phom, dai ntawm tes hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tau txais tos zoo tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg sib tw tswj tuav lub batton ntawm nws txhais tes nrog lub tshuab muaj zog, nws tsis ya mus, tab sis tsuas yog dai nyob ze. Yog li ntawd tus tub rog muaj lub cib fim mus ua rog.
kev txhim kho ntawm rau tes
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas rau rab phom, ua riam phom loj rau cov tub rog hnyav, tau kho sai sai. Ib tug ntau tshaj version ntawm nws tshwm - pernach. Qhov tseeb, pernach, shestoper, mace, notch yog ntau yam ntawm tib yam riam phom, lub hauv paus ntawm uas yog siv lub club.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov riam phom no yog qhov classic mace muaj qhov hnyav hloov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm tus ntaus. Yog li ntawd nws siv yuav tsum muaj siab endurance los ntawm tus tub rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau tiv thaiv nrog nws, vim nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tau nrawm nrawm. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm blacksmithing, pernachi tshwm. Pernach thiab shestoper zoo ib yamnyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib leeg, tab sis thawj lub taub hau muaj cov hlau phaj ruaj khov ua ke.
Kev paub tau txais hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pom tias 6-rib pernach, uas tsuas yog hu ua shestoper, ua kom zoo sib xyaw qhov hnyav ntawm qhov poob siab nrog kev tawm tsam zoo ntawm riam phom thiab nws cov kav ntev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov plaub yog ua los ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov, vim tias lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg lossis khoov.
Shestoper piv rau mace yog riam phom kim dua thiab sophisticated. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov duab ntawm nws cov tav tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws - daim duab peb sab, semicircular, duab plaub thiab txawm tias duab. Qhov ntawd yog qhov shestoper yog, peb sim qhia koj ntau li ntau tau txog ntau yam thiab siv riam phom no.
Leej Sixers
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm rau-feather kuj muaj nyob rau hauv Middle East, tsuas yog muaj, raws li txoj cai, lawv siv cov duab sib npaug rau plaub. Qee lub sij hawm spikes tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lawv, uas ua rau lub qhov txhab mob hnyav dua thiab txaus ntshai.
Nyob rau hauv 6-pointers ntawm lub 16th thiab 17th centuries, cov hniav muaj ib tug zoo li nyob ze rau daim duab peb sab, nrog ib tug ntsug thiab elongated tip, uas yog me ntsis flattened thaum kawg. Qhov no tso cai rau cov riam phom los rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej yam tsis tau daig hauv nws.
Txawm tias sib dua yog cov ncej ntoo, lawv tuaj yeem hnyav 400 g. Tab sis thaum sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv ib tug tub rog nrog hnyav thiab kim armor, lawv xyaum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Hauv qhov no, siv riam phom hnyav, uas yog hlau tag.
Thaumtag nrho cov hlau rau-feathers tshwm sim, nws tau los ua nrog lawv tsis yog tsuas yog xa cov tshuab muaj zog thiab cheb, tab sis kuj ua kom luv luv thiab ntse zog uas pab tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau txwv cov hniav los ntawm zawv zawg ntawm cov hlau ncej, ib qho kev tiv thaiv disk raug ntsia rau saum tus kov. Qhov no tau pab kom tus shestoper, txawm loosening tuav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov poob siab yog txuas nrog ib tug hlau ncej nrog curly txiv ntoo.
Vim li cas cov shestoper thiaj li nrov hauv Russia
Historians tsis muaj lus teb meej rau lo lus nug no. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog tias lawv tsis tau siv dav hauv Asia lossis Western Europe. Thaj, qhov no yog vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim riam phom.
Ua ntej, tus kov yuav tsum tau forged nyias. Tom qab ntawd lub taub hau yog forged los ntawm ib qho. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv tau welded ua ke, thiab tus neeg zov kuj tau txuas nrog riam phom, pab tiv thaiv ob txhais tes.
Nyob rau hauv phom
Tsuas yog tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm rab phom, rau tus taw tes thaum kawg tau tawm ntawm kev siv. Thiab ua ntej ntawd, lawv tau tsim thiab txhim kho ntau xyoo dhau los.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias thawj cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom no hnyav txog li 3 kg, muaj qhov ntev li ntawm 70 cm thiab ib daim duab peb sab ntawm cov tav. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, qhov hnyav ntawm shestoper tau ntau dua li ib nrab. Lawv tau nthuav dav tshaj plaws hauv XV-XVII centuries.
Tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm phom tau ua rau lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Symbol of power
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, lawv pib tsim cov ntawv me me ntawm rau rab phom. Lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj thiab ua lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog.
Nws tau ua haujlwm zoo sib xws feem ntau nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe. Ua ntej tshaj plaws hauv Russia, hauv Hungary thiab Poland. Piv txwv li, ntawm Cossack Chieftains. Hauv Zaporizhia, tshwj xeeb rau tus taw tes tau raug xa mus rau txawv teb chaws ambassadors. Lawv yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev coj ua, ua rau txhua tus paub tias cov neeg no tau nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Zaporizhzhya tub rog.
Ntau yam mace thiab mace tau tshwm sim hauv kev pabcuam nrog tus neeg saib xyuas hwm. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem pom nrog Parisian porters thaum lub sijhawm Henry IV. Raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov keeb kwm, tus huab tais scepter yog ib tug txheeb ze ze ntawm lub shestoper.
