Peb ntiaj chaw muaj ntau yam tsiaj, peb muaj ntau yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no peb yuav soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv nthuav dav hom arthropods. Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia no tseem yuav nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
Quantity
Ntawm no yog hom loj tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj. Cov neeg sawv cev muaj txog ib lab hom. Lawv tus lej yog ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, ob qho tib si nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab ploj mus. Ua ntej peb txheeb xyuas lo lus nug "Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm hom arthropods" (7th qib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev lav phib xaub yuav tsum qhia cov menyuam yaus rau nws cov neeg sawv cev), nws yuav tsum paub tias ntau tus tsiaj tseem tsis tau tshawb nrhiav, lawv cov lej tiag tiag. tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum lab lossis ntau dua.
Lawv muab faib rau txhua qhov chaw: hauv hiav txwv, dej hiav txwv, cov dej ntshiab, hauv av. Raws li qhov ecosystem ib hom tsiaj tau xaiv, ib tus tuaj yeemtxiav txim evolution thiab zaub mov nyiam. Hom arthropods, cov yam ntxwv dav dav uas yog peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, muaj ntau haiv neeg, peb xav kom xav txog kev faib tawm rau kev ua haujlwm.
Kev tiv thaiv
Peb twb tau hais lawm tias hom muaj ntau tus tsiaj, tab sis txawm tias muaj ntau yam, lawv txhua tus muaj lub cev zoo sib xws. Xav txog hom arthropods (cov yam ntxwv dav dav), peb nco ntsoov cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws - lub cev pob txha sab nraud uas muaj chitin. Qee hom muaj ib qho exoskeleton uas muaj lipids, proteins, thiab calcium carbonate. Cov khaub ncaws sab nraum zoov no muab kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txhawb nqa lub cev rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub plhaub ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas txhua tus neeg sawv cev yuav raug molting, txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim lub exoskeleton tsis loj hlob, thiab thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau ib lub tsev loj.
Lub cev
hom arthropods yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Cov yam ntxwv dav dav kuj muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv xws li segmentation. Tag nrho lub cev muab faib ua ntu. Qee lub sij hawm lawv loj hlob ua ke, qhov twg lawv hu ua tagmata, thiab cov txheej txheem hu ua tagmasis. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub taub hau fused, thorax, thiab plab. Tsis tas li ntawd, arthropods muaj cov txheej txheem nrog cov pob qij txha - qhov ntawd yog lub npe los ntawm, txhais tau tias "cov ceg sib koom."
Siv cov arthropods ntxov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau primitive, ces txhua ntu ntawm lawv lub cev tau cuam tshuam nrog tsuas yog ib khub ntawm appendages. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau hom tau hloov zuj zus, thiab cov ceg ceg tau hloov pauv, lwm yam qauv tau tsim,ex:
- qhov ncauj apparatus;
- antennae;
- lub cev xeeb tub thiab lwm yam.
Arthropod appendages tuaj yeem yog ceg lossis tsis-nplooj.
Senses, pauv roj, ntshav ncig
Ntau tus neeg sawv cev muaj lub cev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (khoom ob lub qhov muag), txawm tias qee tus tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no. Lawv cov hlab ntsha qhib, tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha.
Gas pauv tshwm sim ntau txoj hauv kev:
- gills;
- trachea;
- lub teeb.
Feem ntau cov arthropods yog dioecious, feem ntau fertilization tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thiab qe tau nteg.
Arthropod hom: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, kev faib tawm
Cov no yog cov tsiaj symmetrical. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau hais tias lawv yog los ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg. Yog tias koj txheeb xyuas zoo, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yog tias nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev loj hlob thiab evolution, thawj sawv daws mus txog ib theem siab ntawm lub koom haum. Arthropods (cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm hom, taxonomy thiab lwm yam teeb meem yuav raug tham kom ntxaws) tau muab faib ua cov chav kawm tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- crustaceans;
- arachnids;
- kab.
Thiab, txhua chav kawm muab faib ua pab pawg. Piv txwv li, ntawm crustaceans, muaj: cladocerans, copepods thiab decapods. Arachnids muaj xws li: kab laug sab, zuam thiab scorpions. Thiab kab muaj ntau qhov kev txiav txim, xws lizoo li:
- Orthoptera;
- dragonflies;
- Diptera;
- coloptera;
- Hemiptera;
- Hymenoptera;
- Hypteroptera;
- dev mub thiab ntau lwm tus.
-
Cia peb xav txog txhua chav sib cais.
Crustaceans
Qhov no yog chav kawm sib txawv, suav txog plaub caug txhiab hom. Feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv reservoirs, tab sis muaj qee tus uas tau paub txog thaj av.
Txawm hais tias hom arthropods (ib chav kawm ntawm crustaceans, cov yam ntxwv dav dav uas tau tham hauv ntu no) yog nplua nuj heev, muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, rau qhov no peb yuav muab lub rooj zaum kawg. ntawm kab lus los pab systematize cov kev paub tau.
Lawv ua tus ntab, nkag los yog txuas nrog txoj kev ua neej. Tseem muaj cov kab mob parasites ntawm lawv. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, arthropods txawv ntawm lub cev segmentation, muaj los ntawm kaum mus rau tsib caug ntawm lawv hauv chav kawm no.
Cia peb saib luv luv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm no, cov crayfish paub zoo. Los ntawm lub npe nws twb paub meej tias nws nyob hauv dej tshiab. Nws lub luag haujlwm hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab rau txiv neej yog qhov zoo heev. Nco ntsoov tias txawm tus txiv neej sab nrauv tuaj yeem sib txawv.
Kev ua tiav thaum hmo ntuj, nws tsuas yog noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb, noj cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tuag. Qhov loj ntawm ib tug neeg laus yog los ntawm kaum tsib centimeters los yog ntau tshaj, lawv molt ib xyoos ib zaug, thaum nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais cov txheej txheem no yog pom ob peb zaug.ib xyoos ib zaug.
Zoo li lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm arthropods, lub circulatory system tsis kaw, lub plawv zoo li lub hnab tsib sab thiab txuas rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub cev. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias lub taub hau thiab lub cev txuas nrog. Tactile thiab olfactory senses yog ntse heev vim lub whiskers ntev. Lub qhov muag yog qhov nyuaj thiab txuas nrog lub flagella, uas them nyiaj rau lub taub hau immobility.
| Signs | yam ntxwv |
| Departments | Ob: cephalothorax thiab tail |
| pair ntawm mustaches | Ob Pair |
| ob txhais ceg | Tsib khub (kaum ceg) |
| Nyob | Tsis muaj |
| Ua pa lub cev |
Arthropod hom, chav kawm arachnid: cov yam ntxwv dav dav
Zoo ib yam li yav dhau los, nws nplua nuj heev, muaj ntau tshaj peb caug txhiab hom tsiaj, feem ntau nyob rau hauv av, tab sis kuj muaj cov neeg sawv cev dej thib ob. Zoo li crustaceans, lawv muaj cephalothorax, ntxiv rau qhov no muaj lub plab. Nco ntsoov tias segmentation yuav raug hloov pauv (qee tus zuam tsis muaj segmented lub cev, xws li aub).
Thawj ntu ntawm lub cev (cephalothorax) txuas rau 6 khub ntawm ceg tawv rau nws tus kheej:
- Ob khub - jawbones.
- Pob txhais ceg tentacles.
Tsis muaj ceg tawv ntawm lub plab, tab sis qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm chav kawm no tau khaws cov hnab ntsws, daim phiaj sib deev lossis kab laug sab webs.
Lwm qhov txawv ntawm arachnids yog txheej txheej txheej, muaj lipoprotein, uas tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm ya raws. Feem ntau muaj venom thiab kab laug sab qog. Raws li txoj cai, arachnids yog cov tsiaj txhu, tab sis ib pawg loj yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov tsiaj txhu. Kev ua pa yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab ntawm lub ntsws los yog lub ntsws, tab sis nyob rau hauv kab laug sab nrog kev pab ntawm ob lub cev. Lub cev ntawm qhov pom, kov, hnov tsw thiab saj tau zoo heev, tab sis qee cov zuam tsis pom qhov twg.
Fertilization tshwm sim sab hauv, muaj sia yug nyob rau hauv qee hom zuam thiab scorpions. Txawm hais tias chav kawm no muaj ntau haiv neeg, tab sis cov chav tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog:
- Spiders.
- Ticks.
- Scorpions.
Kab
Cia muab ib lub rooj qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kab.
| Sign | Ntse |
| Lub cev | |
| Qab | Peb khub (6 ceg ceg) |
| Nkauj kho siab Cover | Chitin |
| ua pa | Tracheae |
| Nyob | Tam sim no hauv ntau tus neeg sawv cevclass |
| Nervous system | Nyob Nodal |
| Circulatory system | Qhib |
Ntawm no yog chav kawm tsawg kawg, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg dua qhov tseem ceeb, nws kawm tsis zoo vim nws tseem hluas.
