Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb loj heev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet lub xeev, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb zoo li no uas tus neeg txawj ntse tiag tiag tsis ua haujlwm. Thiab txawm hais tias txoj cai rau cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tau tsim nyog rau cov neeg Asmeskas thiab cov neeg Nyij Pooj, txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet kuj tau sawv ntawm qhov kaj ntug ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txawj ntse txawj ntse, uas feem ntau ua rau kev tshawb pom hauv kev zais zais tag. Ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj lij thiab muaj peev xwm muaj tswv yim txawv tshaj plaw, yog Sergei Alekseevich Lebedev, uas nws cov keeb kwm luv luv, nws yuav zoo li, pom tseeb coj peb los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv Hluav Taws Xob rau kev tsim thawj lub computer.
pib taug kev
Tus pioneer ntawm lub teb chaws computer era, SA Lebedev, uas nws biography luv luv tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tau kawg, tsis muaj lub tswv yim dab tsi nrhiav tau nws nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm. Tus kws tshaj lij yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv Nizhny Novgorod thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, 1902 hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse thiab cov kws qhia ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txiv yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, thiab nws niam yog los ntawmtsev neeg noble. Nws tsim nyog ntxiv tias nws tus viv ncaus, uas tau coj nws niam lub npe hu ua Anastasia Mavrina, yog tus kws kos duab nto moo.
Thaum tus kawm yav tom ntej muaj 18 xyoo, tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau lub nroog Lavxias. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws nkag mus rau Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv Hluav Taws Xob, qhov chaw nws kawm tau xya xyoo thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm zaum kawg, S. A. Lebedev, uas nws biography luv luv ua rau cov koom haum nrog cov biography ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet lub sij hawm, kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub zog systems tsim nyob rau hauv cov xyoo raws li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev Commission rau hluav taws xob ntawm Russia.
Ua haujlwm ntxiv
Tom qab kawm tiav, nws txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob. Tau ob xyoos nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm All-Union Electrotechnical Institute. Tom qab cov kws qhia ntawv hluav taws xob engineering ntawm lub tsev kawm txuj ci, uas nws kawm tiav, tau muab cais ua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv cais - Moscow Power Engineering Institute - nws tau tsiv mus rau qhia. Nws cov kev tshawb fawb thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau siv tom qab siv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet fais fab nroj tsuag thiab cov kab hluav taws xob.
Tom qab rau xyoo ntawm kev qhia xyaum, S. A. Lebedev, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv, hmoov tsis, tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho cov gamut ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb nws ua raws, tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm tus xibfwb. Nyob rau hauv 1939 nws tau los ua ib tug kws qhia ntawv, tiv thaiv nws tus kws kho mob dissertation. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb lub sij hawm no yog txoj kev xav ntawm kev ruaj ntseghwj chim systems.
Tsov rog thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb
Nws txoj kev paub tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab lub zog, tau kawg, Lebedev, zoo li txhua tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet, thaum ua tsov rog nrog Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees tig mus rau kev pab ntawm Soviet tub rog kev lag luam. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm tshiab rau hom riam phom lossis kev txhim kho riam phom uas twb muaj lawm. Yog li, nws muaj ib qhov project ntawm homing torpedoes. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaw lus kom ruaj ntseg phom ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thaum lub sij hawm aiming kuj tawm ntawm nws tus cwj mem. Rau nws txoj haujlwm, nws tau nthuav tawm ob qho khoom plig ib zaug - Qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Cim Liab Liab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab cov khoom plig "Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj ntawm 1941-45".
Tom qab tsov rog, kev hloov pauv loj yuav tshwm sim hauv tus xibfwb lub neej - tus kws tshawb fawb tshiab S. A. Lebedev yuav tshwm sim. Phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv - lub khoos phis tawj, lossis theej nws cov qauv, tam sim no dhau los ua nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - ua rau lub ntsej muag ntse, tom qab uas tsis yog laurels yuav tos tus kws tshawb fawb.
Y
Moving to Kyiv
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yog tus xibfwb thawj qhov haujlwm uas coj nws mus rau qhov kev tshawb pom yav tom ntej. Lub zog (thiab txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog nws) yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov kev suav. Qee lub sij hawm, tus kws tshawb fawb tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm automation ntawm cov txheej txheem suav. Tom qab tsov rog, nyob rau hauv 1946, nws tsiv mus rau Kyiv. Qhov no yog qhov uas tus tshiab invention tuaj. Sergei Alekseevich yuav coj lub koom haum ntawm Zog ntawm Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm Ukrainian SSR. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav suav nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm Academy of Sciences. Ib xyoos tom qab, lub koom haum tau hloov kho dua tshiab, thiab S. A. Lebedev, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv yuav yog qhov tsim nyog rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab keeb kwm, yuav ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob.
Raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sau tseg, thaum lub sijhawm ob xyoos ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv Kyiv, nws tau sau txog nws txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv lub zog, sau ntawv, koom tes nrog Lev Tsekernik, ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob rau fais fab nroj tsuag. Rau nws, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais khoom plig hauv Xeev ntawm USSR. Tom qab ntawd nws tau mob siab rau peb xyoos tom ntej no rau kev suav digital. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev txhim kho thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej hauv cheeb tsam no.
Thawj hauv teb chaws Europe
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias txij li thawj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw tshiab, Tus Kws Lij Choj Lebedev tau teeb tsa lub chaw sim rau kev ua qauv thiab tshuab computer, qhov chaw nws pib tsim cov qauv ntawm lub tshuab xam zauv me me (MECM). Kev ua haujlwm tau ua rau ntau tshaj ob xyoos. Thiab nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1950, thawj zaug tau tsim tawm. MESM yog tus qauv ntawm lub khoos phis tawj tsim tom qab, thiab nws yog thawj zaug hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Thiab nws tau tsim los ntawm S. A. Lebedev. Ib tug luv luv biography - lub computer los ua lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb tshaj invention ntawm cov kawm ntawv - yuav tsum hais txog ib tug tam sim no lub koob meej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb txawv heev.
Nws zoo kawg nkaus, tab sis ntau dua lossis tsawg dua tib neeg pib tham txog tus kws tshaj lij tom qab nws tuag. Thaum lub neej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, tsis muaj leej twg sau dab tsi txog nws. Thiab yog vim li cas rau qhov ntawd - ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Txij li txhua qhov kev nce qib pib nrog tub rogkev lag luam, thiab kev tsim cov khoos phis tawj koom nrog kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv missile, lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tau raug cais tawm nruj me ntsis, uas yog qhov laj thawj. Tab sis, dhau li ntawm qhov no, Academician Lebedev nws tus kheej muaj qhov kev coj tus cwj pwm tsawg tshaj plaws thiab tsis nyiam kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg sau xov xwm txhua.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm thawj MESM xeem, Academician Lebedev tau rov qab mus rau Moscow mus ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Precision Mechanics thiab Computer Technology nyob rau hauv lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences. Raws li nws cov thawj coj, lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ceev ceev (BESM) tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd, ob xyoos tom qab, nws yuav ua tus thawj coj hauv lub koom haum, uas tom qab ntawd tau txais nws lub npe.
Cov ntawv sau txog S. A. Lebedev muaj kev xyiv fab ntawm kev tshawb pom, kev txawj ntse thiab kev mob siab rau, kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog. Nws tsis yog lus tso dag hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub koom haum, kaum tsib hom computers tau tsim, pib nrog thawj lub raj computers thiab xaus nrog supercomputers uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Txawm hais tias muaj mob hnyav uas yuam kom nws tawm ntawm tus thawj coj txij li xyoo 1973, nws tseem ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Nws qhov kev txhim kho tshiab kawg tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Elbrus supercomputer. Tus kws tshawb fawb tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 72.
