Qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction yog ib qho tshwm sim uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob lossis qhov hluav taws xob hauv lub cev nyob hauv thaj chaw sib nqus uas hloov tas li. Ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction kuj tshwm sim yog tias lub cev txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw zoo li qub thiab tsis sib nqus, los yog tig rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus kom nws cov kab sib cuam tshuam lub voj kaw hloov.
Induced electric tam sim no
Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm "induction" txhais tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem raug ntxias, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev nthuav tawm tus neeg xyuas pib mus rau qhov chaw sib nqus hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Xws li hluav taws xob tam sim no hu ua induced. Cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction tau tham tom qab hauv kab lus.
Lub tswvyim ntawm magnetic teb
Ua ntejTxhawm rau pib kawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov chaw sib nqus yog dab tsi. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, ib qho chaw sib nqus yog thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw uas cov khoom siv hlau nplaum nthuav tawm nws cov teebmeem sib nqus thiab cov khoom. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw no tuaj yeem piav qhia siv cov kab hu ua magnetic field lines. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab no sawv cev rau lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis hu ua magnetic flux. Cov kab hlau nplaum raug kaw, lawv pib ntawm tus ncej qaum teb ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab xaus rau sab qab teb.
Sib nqus teb muaj peev xwm ua rau txhua yam khoom siv nrog cov khoom sib nqus, xws li hlau conductors ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Daim teb no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib nqus induction, uas txhais tau tias B thiab ntsuas hauv teslas (T). Sib nqus induction ntawm 1 T yog ib qho chaw sib nqus muaj zog heev uas ua rau lub zog ntawm 1 newton ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm 1 coulomb, uas yoov perpendicular rau cov kab hlau nplaum ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 1 m / s, uas yog, 1 T.=1 Ns / (mCl).
Leej twg nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction?
Electromagnetic induction, ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub no, tau pom nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua XIX. Kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction feem ntau yog los ntawm Michael Faraday (discovery date - August 29, 1831). Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm Danish physicist thiab chemist Hans Oersted, uas tau tshawb pom tias tus neeg xyuas pib los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntws los tsim.magnetic teb nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yog, nws pib qhia magnetic zog.
Faraday, dhau los, pom qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim pom los ntawm Oersted. Nws pom tias qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv tus neeg xyuas pib, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txhua tus neeg xyuas pib tam sim no. Yog tias cov xaus no txuas nrog, piv txwv li, los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob, ces cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav ntws los ntawm lub voj voog.
Vim li ntawd, Faraday nrhiav tau ib txoj hauv kev ntawm lub cev, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tshwm sim hauv tus neeg xyuas pib vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, rau tsim ib tug induced tam sim no, nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi txav: lub magnetic teb los yog tus neeg xyuas pib nws tus kheej. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ua qhov kev sim tsim nyog ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction. Yog li, tau muab cov hlau nplaum tso rau hauv cov hlau kauv, peb pib txav nws. Yog tias koj txuas qhov kawg ntawm cov kauv los ntawm qee qhov taw qhia ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no rau hauv ib lub voj voog, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo li tam sim no. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tawm ntawm cov hlau nplaum ib leeg thiab txav cov kauv nce thiab nqis txheeb ze rau cov hlau nplaum. Qhov taw qhia tseem yuav qhia txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm tam sim no hauv Circuit Court.
Faraday experiment
Faraday qhov kev sim ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg xyuas pib thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Michael Faraday thawj zaug pom tias thaum tus neeg xyuas pib txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kawg. Tus neeg xyuas pib txav pib hla cov kab sib nqus, uas simulatescov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov daim teb no.
Tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim muaj peev xwm sib txawv yog nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia uas tus neeg xyuas pib txav mus. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg xyuas pib tau tsa hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim muaj peev xwm sib txawv yuav muaj +- polarity, tab sis yog tias tus neeg xyuas pib qis dua, ces peb yuav tau txais - + polarity. Cov kev hloov pauv no hauv cov cim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm, qhov txawv ntawm qhov uas yog hu ua electromotive force (EMF), ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim hauv lub kaw lus kaw ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no, uas yog tam sim no uas niaj hnub hloov nws txoj kev mus rau qhov tsis sib xws.
Ntawm ntawm electromagnetic induction nrhiav tau los ntawm Faraday
Paub leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction thiab vim li cas thiaj muaj qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no, peb yuav piav qhia qee yam ntawm qhov tshwm sim no. Yog li, qhov nrawm dua koj txav tus neeg xyuas pib hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no hauv Circuit Court yuav ntau dua. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog raws li hauv qab no: qhov ntau dua qhov sib nqus induction ntawm daim teb, uas yog, qhov muaj zog ntawm daim teb no, qhov ntau dua qhov sib txawv nws tuaj yeem tsim thaum txav tus neeg xyuas pib hauv thaj teb. Yog tias tus neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, tsis muaj EMF tshwm sim hauv nws, vim tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab sib nqus induction hla tus neeg xyuas pib.
Kev taw qhia hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab txoj cai sab laug
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov kev taw qhia hauv tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no tsim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction, koj tuaj yeemsiv txoj kev cai sab laug. Nws tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li hauv qab no: yog tias sab laug tes muab tso rau hauv cov kab sib nqus induction, uas pib ntawm sab qaum teb ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum, nkag mus rau xibtes, thiab tus ntiv tes xoo yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib hauv. daim teb ntawm cov hlau nplaum, tom qab ntawd cov plaub ntiv tes ntawm sab laug sab laug yuav qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav txav tam sim no hauv tus neeg xyuas pib.
Muaj lwm txoj cai ntawm txoj cai no, nws yog raws li hauv qab no: yog tus ntiv tes taw ntawm sab laug tes yog qhia raws cov kab ntawm cov hlau nplaum induction, thiab tus ntiv tes xoo yog taw qhia ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, ces qhov ntiv tes nruab nrab tig 90 degrees rau ntawm xib teg yuav qhia txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tshwm sim tam sim no hauv tus neeg xyuas pib.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej induction
Hans Christian Oersted tau tshawb pom qhov muaj nyob ntawm thaj chaw sib nqus nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg xyuas pib lossis lub kauj nrog tam sim no. Tus kws tshawb fawb kuj pom tau tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim teb no yog ncaj qha ntsig txog lub zog ntawm tam sim no thiab nws cov kev taw qhia. Yog hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kauj lossis tus neeg xyuas pib hloov pauv, ces nws yuav tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus uas yuav tsis nyob ruaj ruaj, uas yog, nws yuav hloov. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov alternating teb no yuav ua rau cov tsos ntawm ib tug induced tam sim no (qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction). Lub zog ntawm qhov induction tam sim no yuav ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv tam sim no los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, uas yog, nws yuav tiv thaiv txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev taw qhia tam sim no hauv tus neeg xyuas pib lossis kauj. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua self-induction. Qhov tshwm sim hluav taws xob sib txawvmuaj peev xwm hu ua EMF ntawm tus kheej induction.
Nco ntsoov tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej induction tshwm sim tsis yog thaum cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tam sim no, tab sis kuj thaum nws hloov pauv, piv txwv li, thaum nce vim qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv Circuit Court.
Rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub cev ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev hloov pauv tam sim no hauv Circuit Court vim nws tus kheej induction, lub tswv yim ntawm inductance tau qhia, uas yog ntsuas hauv henries (hauv kev hwm ntawm American physicist Joseph Henry). Ib tug henry yog xws li ib tug inductance uas, thaum tam sim no hloov los ntawm 1 ampere nyob rau hauv 1 thib ob, ib tug EMF tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws tus kheej induction, sib npaug rau 1 volt.
Kev hloov pauv tam sim no
Thaum ib qho inductor pib tig hauv qhov chaw sib nqus, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction, nws tsim ib qho induced tam sim no. Qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no hloov pauv tau, txhais tau tias nws hloov pauv kev coj ua.
Hloov tam sim no ntau dua li qhov ncaj qha tam sim no. Yog li, ntau yam khoom siv uas ua haujlwm los ntawm lub hauv paus hluav taws xob network siv hom tam sim no. Alternating tam sim no yooj yim rau induce thiab thauj tshaj li tam sim no. Raws li txoj cai, qhov zaus ntawm tsev neeg hloov tam sim no yog 50-60 Hz, uas yog, hauv 1 thib ob nws cov kev taw qhia hloov pauv 50-60 zaug.
Cov duab geometric ntawm alternating tam sim no yog qhov nkhaus sinusoidal uas piav txog qhov kev vam khom ntawm qhov hluav taws xob raws sijhawm. Lub sij hawm tag nrho ntawm lub sinusoidal nkhaus rau tsev neeg tam sim no yog kwv yees li 20 milliseconds. Raws li cov nyhuv thermal, alternating tam sim no zoo ib yam li tam sim noDC, qhov voltage uas yog Umax/√2, qhov twg Umax yog qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage ntawm AC sinusoidal nkhaus.
Kev siv hluav taws xob induction hauv tshuab
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction ua rau muaj kev loj hlob tiag tiag hauv kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis. Ua ntej qhov kev tshawb pom no, tib neeg tsuas muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xwb.
Tam sim no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev no yog siv rau hauv cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, hauv cov cua sov uas hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv hluav taws xob, thiab hauv hluav taws xob motors thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb.
