Leej twg nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab nws tshwm sim li cas?

Cov txheej txheem:

Leej twg nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab nws tshwm sim li cas?
Leej twg nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab nws tshwm sim li cas?
Anonim

Zaj lus qhia txog leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm xov tooj cua, thaum nws tshwm sim thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim.

Radioactivity

Lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub thiab kev lag luam tsis zoo li yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj hluav taws xob nuclear. Nuclear reactors fais submarines, muab hluav taws xob rau tag nrho lub nroog, thiab tshwj xeeb lub zog raws li cov xov tooj cua tawg tau teeb tsa rau ntawm cov satellites thiab cov neeg hlau uas kawm lwm lub ntiaj teb.

Radioactivity tau tshawb pom thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li ntau qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Tab sis leej twg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab qhov no tshwm sim li cas? Peb yuav tham txog qhov no hauv kab lus no.

Qhib

leej twg nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity
leej twg nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity

Qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1896 thiab tau tsim los ntawm A. Becquerel thaum kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm sib txuas ntawm luminescence thiab qhov tsis ntev los no tau pom hu ua x-rays.

Raws li kev nco txog ntawm Becquerel nws tus kheej, nws tau txais lub tswv yim tias, tej zaum, ib qho luminescence kuj nrog X-rays? Txhawm rau ntsuas nws qhov kev kwv yees, nws siv ntau yamchemical compounds, nrog rau ib qho ntawm cov ntsev ntawm uranium, uas ci hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, tuav nws hauv qab lub hnub rays, tus kws tshawb fawb qhwv cov ntsev hauv daim ntawv tsaus thiab muab tso rau hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws rau ntawm daim duab thaij duab, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj tau ntim rau hauv ib lub opaque wrapper. Tom qab ntawd, tau pom nws, Becquerel hloov cov duab tseeb ntawm ib daim ntsev. Tab sis txij li thaum lub luminescence tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej daim ntawv, nws txhais tau hais tias nws yog X-ray hluav taws xob uas ua rau pom lub phaj. Yog li tam sim no peb paub leej twg thawj zaug pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity. Muaj tseeb tiag, tus kws tshawb fawb nws tus kheej tseem tsis tau nkag siab qhov kev tshawb pom nws tau ua. Tab sis ua ntej ua ntej.

Lub Rooj Sib Tham ntawm Academy of Sciences

uas tus kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity
uas tus kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity

Me ntsis tom qab hauv tib lub xyoo, ntawm ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Paris, Becquerel tau tshaj tawm "Rau cov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm phosphorescence." Tab sis tom qab qee lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ua rau nws txoj kev xav thiab cov lus xaus. Yog li, thaum ib qho kev sim, tsis tas tos rau huab cua zoo thiab tshav ntuj, tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab uranium compound rau ntawm daim duab thaij duab, uas tsis yog irradiated nrog lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov qauv meej tseem tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub Peb Hlis 2 ntawm tib lub xyoo, Becquerel tau nthuav tawm txoj haujlwm tshiab rau lub rooj sib tham ntawm Academy of Sciences, uas tau hais txog cov hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm lub cev phosphorescent. Tam sim no peb paub tias tus kws tshawb fawb twg tau tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity.

Kev sim ntxiv

uas tus kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity
uas tus kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity

Tshawb nrhiav qhov tshwm sim ntxivradioactivity, Becquerel sim ntau yam, nrog rau cov hlau uranium. Thiab txhua lub sijhawm, cov kab mob tsis sib xws tseem nyob ntawm daim duab thaij duab. Thiab los ntawm kev muab cov hlau hla nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws xob thiab lub phaj, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais, raws li lawv yuav hais tam sim no, nws x-ray. Yog li peb txheeb tawm cov lus nug ntawm leej twg pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm xov tooj cua.

Nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau pom tseeb tias Becquerel nrhiav tau ib hom tshiab ntawm cov duab pom tsis pom uas tuaj yeem hla txhua yam khoom, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv tsis X-rays.

Nws kuj tau pom tias qhov kev siv ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm uranium nws tus kheej hauv kev npaj tshuaj, thiab tsis nyob ntawm lawv hom. Nws yog Becquerel uas tau qhia nws txoj kev ua tiav thiab kev xav nrog cov txij nkawm Pierre thiab Marie Curie, uas tom qab tsim cov xov tooj cua tawm los ntawm thorium thiab pom ob lub ntsiab lus tshiab, tom qab hu ua polonium thiab radium. Thiab thaum txheeb xyuas cov lus nug "leej twg nrhiav tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua", ntau tus feem ntau yuam kev ua qhov txiaj ntsig no rau Curies.

Kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob nyob

leej twg xub pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity
leej twg xub pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm radioactivity

Thaum nws paub tias tag nrho cov uranium tebchaw tso tawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, Becquerel maj mam rov qab los rau kev kawm txog phosphor. Tab sis nws tau tswj hwm los ua lwm qhov tseem ceeb - qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab mob lom. Yog li Becquerel tsis yog thawj zaug nrhiav pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua, tab sis kuj yog tus tsim nws cov txiaj ntsig rau cov tsiaj nyob.

Rau ib qho ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia, nwsqiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm Curies thiab muab tso rau hauv nws lub hnab ris. Tom qab kev qhuab qhia, rov qab mus rau nws cov tswv, tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias muaj zog reddening ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas muaj cov duab ntawm lub raj. Pierre Curie, tom qab mloog nws qhov kev kwv yees, txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev sim - rau kaum teev nws hnav lub raj ntsuas uas muaj radium khi rau nws caj npab. Thiab thaum kawg nws tau txais qhov mob hnyav uas tsis kho tau ntau lub hlis.

Yog li peb txheeb tawm cov lus nug uas tus kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm xov tooj cua. Qhov no yog li cas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm radioactivity ntawm cov kab mob lom tau pom. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, Curies, los ntawm txoj kev, txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, thiab Marie Curie tau tuag los ntawm kev mob hluav taws xob. Nws cov khoom ntiag tug tseem khaws cia rau hauv ib lub hnab ntim khoom tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tau khaws los ntawm lawv yuav luag ib puas xyoo dhau los tseem txaus ntshai heev.

Pom zoo: