Cambodia yog ib lub xeev muaj hwj chim nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Indochina ceg av qab teb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Lub xeev ciam teb rau Nyab Laj, Nplog thiab Thaib teb.
Ntau tus neeg xav paub: dab tsi hauv Cambodia? Kab lus no yuav qhia koj txog cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws no.
hom lus twg hauv Cambodia
Khmer yog hom lus nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj no. Nws tau hais los ntawm kwv yees li 10 lab tus tib neeg. Khmer yog ob hom lus uas tau hais ntau tshaj plaws hauv Austroasiatic (tom qab Nyab Laj). Khmer tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov lus uas ploj lawm xws li Sanskrit thiab Pali, uas tam sim no tsuas yog siv hauv kev cai dab qhuas xwb.
hom lus tseem ceeb hauv Cambodia yog dab tsi? Feem coob ntawm Cambodia hais lus Khmer.
Austroasiatic lus tsev neeg
Khmer belongs rau tsev neeg lus Austroasiatic, nws yog autochthonous (hauv paus txawm) nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas stretches ntawm Malay Peninsula mus rau sab hnub tuaj Asia mus rauEastern Is Nrias teb. Tsev neeg Austroasiatic kuj suav nrog Nyab Laj, Mon, Thaib.
pab pawg lus no tau kawm txij li xyoo 1856. Nws yog thawj lub npe hu ua tsev neeg hom lus hauv xyoo 1907. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis ntseeg txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ceg ntawm tsev neeg no. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb suav nrog Khmer nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov lus Mon-Khmer. Hauv cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm no, cov txheeb ze ze tshaj plaws ntawm Khmer yog cov lus Bahnar.
Tom qab kev faib tawm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nug txog kev muaj nyob ntawm pab pawg Mon-Khmer thiab suav tias Khmer yog ib ceg neeg ywj pheej ntawm tsev neeg Austroasiatic.
Native hais lus
Khmer yog hais los ntawm kwv yees li 10 lab tus tib neeg. Kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg hais lus nyob hauv Cambodia nws tus kheej. Nyablaj muaj ib plhom leej uas hais lus Khmer. Ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab lab nyob hauv Thaib teb. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg hais lus tseem ceeb nyob hauv Asmeskas, Fabkis, Australia thiab Canada. Muaj ntau hom lus hauv Khmer, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog:
- Battambang;
- Phnom Penh;
- Northern Khmer;
- Southern Khmer;
- kardamomsky;
Battambang yog ib hom lus Hmoob uas hais nyob rau sab qaum teb Cambodia.
Phnom Penh - lub peev ntawm lub xeev, muaj nws cov lus hauv cheeb tsam. Nws yog ib hom lus Cambodian nkaus xwb uas siv tonal intonation. Northern Khmer yog hais nyob rau Thaib teb, Khmer hu ua "Khmer Surin."
Southern Khmer tseem hu ua "Khmer Krum" thiab yog hais los ntawm cov neeg ntawm Mekong Delta hauv Nyab Laj. Khmer cardamom yog ib daim ntawv laus hais los ntawm cov neeg tsawg heev nyob ze ntawm Cardamom Toj siab nyob rau sab hnub poob Cambodia.
History of Khmer language
Linguistic science faib keeb kwm ntawm cov lus Khmer ua plaub lub sijhawm, ib qho yog lub sijhawm ntawm Khmer thaum ub, uas tau faib ua ntej Angkor thiab Angkor. Pre-Angkor yog ib hom lus Khmer thaum ub uas muaj los ntawm 600 txog 800 AD. Nws tsuas yog paub los ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus hauv Sanskrit ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Angkor Khmer yog hom lus ntawm lub tebchaws Khmer txij thaum xyoo pua 9 mus txog rau thaum lub teb chaws Ottoman poob rau xyoo pua 13th. Ancient Khmer tau kawm paub meej los ntawm ntau tus neeg txhais lus. Tom qab lub zog ntawm Khmer Empire, cov lus tau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv morphology, phonology thiab cov lus. Lub sijhawm hloov pauv no tau siv sijhawm kwv yees li ntawm 14th mus rau 18th caug xyoo. Cov lus ntawm lub sijhawm no feem ntau hu ua "Middle Khmer". Lub sijhawm no, cov lus qiv nyiaj ntau ntawm Thaib, Nplog thiab Nyab Laj tau nkag mus rau hauv Khmer.
Txoj kev hloov ntawm lub sijhawm no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas cov kev cai ntawm Khmer niaj hnub siv tsis tau rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov lus qub ntawm cov lus no. Hmong, tam sim no hais nyob rau Cambodia,tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Niaj hnub nimno Khmer yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam lus uas tau hais ob puas xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ntawm txoj kev loj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus, morphology thiab phonetics. Qhov no yog vim tus txheej txheem uas tau ua los ntawm tsoomfwv. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv qub qub tseem nyuaj heev rau kev nkag siab txawm tias cov neeg uas hais lus Askiv zoo.
Nkauj Hmoob
Khmer no kuj zoo ib yam li Thaib. Cov kws paub lus Askiv suav hais tias cov lus ntawm Cambodia yog cais. Cov qauv grammatical ntawm Khmer yog raws li nram no: SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). Lo lus txiav txim hauv nws tsis nruj. Cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm Cambodia feem ntau siv qee cov lus thiab hais txog kev hwm rau tus interlocutor. Txoj cai no suav hais tias yuav tsum tau ua. Tus neeg hais lus yuav tsum paub txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg nws tab tom tham nrog. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tham nrog ib tus neeg. Daim ntawv chaw nyob ncaj qha nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm ib tus neeg hauv zej zog.
Tswj lus Khmer
Lo lus hauv Khmer tsuas muaj ib lub suab xwb, ib yam li lwm yam lus sab hnub tuaj. Kev ntxhov siab ib txwm poob rau lub suab lus kawg. Lawm, kuj tseem muaj ob lub suab lus uas tau qiv los ntawm lwm yam lus, lossis ntau qhov xaus tau ntxiv rau hauv paus. Yeej, cov lus uas muaj ntau lub suab tau txais los ntawm Sanskrit thiab Fabkis. Lawv siv rau kev tshawb fawb, kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv.
Ntau cov lus muaj peev xwm muaj ib khubtag nrho syllables, nrog rau hloov cov vowels unstressed. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm Khmer yog hais meej meej ntawm txhua lub suab thiab lo lus. Yog tias lawv tsis tau hais meej meej, ces lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais yuav ploj mus. Nov yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Khmer.
Kawm Khmer
Vim Khmer yog hom lus tseem ceeb ntawm Austroasiatic, nws tau kawm los ntawm ntau tus neeg. Cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm Cambodia tsis yooj yim kawm thiab tsis zoo li yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Kj kawm tau lom zem heev li hais tias yog ib tsev neeg kawm tau yooj yim tshaj.
Tus tsiaj ntawv Khmer yog raws li kev sau ntawv zoo nkauj. Tsab ntawv no kuj siv rau Thaib thiab Nplog. Tsis zoo li lwm yam lus, nws tsis yog tonal, qhov no zoo heev pab txhawb txoj kev kawm.
Muaj cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau cov neeg pib kawm lus yam tsis muaj kws qhia ntawv thiab tus kws qhia ntawv. Piv txwv li, cov phau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv kev kho ntawm Samarin lossis Jean-Michel Philippi. Cov phau ntawv kawm lus Askiv thiab cov phau ntawv kab lus tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tam sim no, vim tias qhov kev taw qhia no tau dhau los ua qhov txawv txav hauv xyoo tas los no.
