Kev noj algae yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov lawv tau txais lub zog rau lub neej. Piv txwv li, cov nroj tsuag siv lub hnub ci zog, thiab tsiaj txhu noj cov nroj tsuag uas tau noj los ntawm lwm cov tsiaj nyeg.
Cov khoom noj khoom haus yog cov kab ke ntawm leej twg noj leej twg hauv ecosystem (cov zej zog lom neeg) kom tau txais cov as-ham thiab lub zog uas txhawb nqa txoj sia.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm autotrophs
Autotrophs yog cov kab mob muaj sia uas tsim lawv cov zaub mov (ntawm cov organic keeb kwm) los ntawm cov molecules yooj yim. Muaj ob hom autotrophs tseem ceeb:
- Photoautotrophs (cov kab mob yees duab), piv txwv li, cov nroj tsuag uas siv lub zog ntawm lub hnub los hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov organic tshuaj - carbohydrates los ntawm photosynthesis los ntawm carbon dioxide. Lwm cov piv txwv ntawm photoautotrophs yog cyanobacteria thiab algae.
- Chemoautotrophs tau txais cov organic tebchaw los ntawmCov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj qee cov tshuaj inorganic: ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen.
Nws yog autotrophs uas suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov ecosystem ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov saw hlau, thiab lub zog uas tau txais thaum lub sij hawm chemosynthesis lossis photosynthesis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lwm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ecological.
Hais txog hom khoom noj khoom haus rau algae, peb nco ntsoov tias lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm photoautotrophs. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog tus nqi hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, ces autotrophs hu ua cov neeg tsim khoom lossis cov neeg tsim khoom.
Heterotrophs
Dab tsi yog cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo li no? Algae siv tshuaj los yog lub hnub ci zog los tsim lawv tus kheej cov zaub mov (carbohydrates) los ntawm carbon dioxide. Heterotrophs hloov lub zog ntawm lub hnub tau txais lub zog siv los ntawm cov khoom lossis lwm yam kabmob. Lawv cov qauv piv txwv yog fungi, tsiaj txhu, kab mob, tib neeg. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm heterotrophs nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm ecological, los ntawm kab mus rau fungi.
Algae khoom noj khoom haus
Algae, ua cov kab mob phototrophic, tsuas tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv lub hnub ci, cov zaub mov, thiab cov organic tebchaw. Lawv qhov chaw nyob yog dej.
Muaj qee cov zej zog algae:
- planktonic;
- benthic algae;
- av;
- av;
- hotqhov chaw;
- daus thiab dej khov;
- hauv txiv qaub substrate
dej ntsev;
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias, tsis zoo li tsiaj txhu thiab kab mob, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm evolution, algae tau tsim lub peev xwm los siv tag nrho cov oxidized inorganic tebchaw rau lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus: dej thiab carbon dioxide.
Algae yog siv los ntawm lub hnub ci zog, nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm molecular oxygen.
Kev siv lub teeb lub zog rau cov khoom siv roj ntsha sib xyaw ua ke hauv algae yog ua tau vim tias cov nroj tsuag muaj cov xim pleev xim uas nqus lub teeb. Ntawm cov no, chlorophyll yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm carbon thiab lub teeb khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov nroj tsuag hu ua photosynthesis. Feem ntau, algae khoom noj khoom haus sib raug rau cov tshuaj sib npaug hauv qab no:
CO2+12H2O=C6H2O6+6H2O+2815680 J
Rau txhua 6 gram molecules ntawm dej thiab kua qaub, ib gram molecule ntawm qabzib yog synthesized. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, 2815680 J ntawm lub zog raug tso tawm, 6 gram-molecules ntawm oxygen raug tsim.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog kev hloov pauv biochemical ntawm lub teeb lub zog rau hauv lub zog tshuaj.
cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Txhua yam ntawm cov saw zaub mov xaus nrog cov tsiaj nyeg lossis tus tsiaj loj, uas yog, tus tsiaj uas tsis muaj yeeb ncuab ntuj. Piv txwv li, nws yog shark, crocodile, dais. Lawv hu ua "masters" ntawm lawv tus kheej ecological systems. Yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov kab mob tuag, detritivores (worms, vultures, crabs, hyenas) noj nws. Tus so yog decomposedcov kab mob thiab cov fungi (decomposers), zog pauv txuas ntxiv.
Hom ntawm morphological sib txawv ntawm algal thallus
Algae khoom noj khoom haus yog nrog los ntawm kev khiav ntawm lub zog, nws poob yog yam ntxwv ntawm txhua qhov txuas hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Single-celled flagellates yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qee lub koom haum. Amoeboid muaj nyob hauv cov tsiaj uas tsis muaj lub plhaub ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom, thiab siv cov txheej txheem cytoplasmic rau kev txav mus los. Palmelloid yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb uas tau muab tso rau hauv tetraspore (cov hnoos qeev).
Cenobia yog ib leeg-celled colonies nyob rau hauv uas lub luag hauj lwm tau muab faib ntawm pab pawg neeg.
Department of xiav-ntsuab algae
Nws muaj txog ob txhiab hom. Qhov no yog pawg qub tshaj plaws ntawm algae, cov seem ntawm cov uas muaj nyob hauv Precambrian deposits. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug photoauthorophic txoj kev pub mis. Nws yog pawg algae uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv xwm.
Muaj cov ntawv unicellular ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv xiav-ntsuab algae, tsis muaj cov nucleus meej, mitochondria, tsim plastids, thiab pigments nyob rau hauv lamellae - tshwj xeeb photosynthetic daim hlau.
Special Features
Kev tsim tawm yog ua los ntawm kev faib cov cell yooj yooj yim rau hom unicellular, rau hom filamentous - ua tsaug rau cov khoom tawg ntawm niam xov. Lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho nitrogen, yog li lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj cov khoom noj nruab nrab. Txoj kev no ntawm kev pub algae tso cai rau lawv kom xis nyob txawm nyob rauvolcanoes tom qab lawv tawg.
Ntsuab algae muaj chlorophylls "a" thiab "b". Xws li ib txheej yog pom nyob rau hauv siab dua thiab euglena nroj tsuag. Lawv kuj muaj qee cov xim ntxiv, suav nrog xanthophylls: zeaxanthin, lutein.
Lawv yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm photoautotrophic hom khoom noj khoom haus algal cuam tshuam nrog photosynthesis ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab nplai. Hauv ntau lub tuam tsev muaj ntau hom tsiaj uas tuaj yeem hu ua cov photosynthetics nruj.
Zoo ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Algae khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog heterogeneous. Hauv ntsuab algae, muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein ntau ntxiv - 40-45%. Ntawm lawv yog alanine, leupin, bicarboxylic acids, alginine. Txog li 30% lawv muaj carbohydrates, txog li 10% - lipids. Cov tshauv muaj tooj liab, zinc.
Algae khoom noj khoom haus yog inextricably txuas nrog hnub ci zog thiab photosynthesis. Tam sim no, kev txaus siab ntawm algae tau nce ntau tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm cov as-ham, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo heev rau biodiesel ntau lawm.
Txawm li cas los xij yog cov nroj tsuag loj hlob algae xim av, uas tom qab ntawd ua tiav rau hauv ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg biodiesel roj.
Algae yog tus pabcuam tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb nrhiav chaw. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov neeg coob ntawm lub dav hlau tau txais oxygen. Haum rau cov hom phiaj no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws algae - chlorella, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm photosynthesis. Kev sim cov nroj tsuag algae twb tau ua haujlwm hauv peb lub tebchaws, nrog rau hauv Tebchaws Europexeev.
Ua autotrophs, synthesizing organic compounds los ntawm inorganic tshuaj, lawv siv hnub ci kom tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm photosynthesis - txheej txheem loj uas muaj ob theem: lub teeb thiab tsaus.
Thawj theem yog txuam nrog lub khob tawm ntawm chlorophyll chromatophore los ntawm cov kab teeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob xav tau rau qee cov txheej txheem: photophosphorylation (hloov ADP rau ATP), photolysis ntawm dej (tso tawm ntawm hydroxyl pawg), tsub zuj zuj ntawm NADP, carbon dioxide, hydrogen.
Thaum lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj, txhua yam uas tau sau thaum nruab hnub yog siv rau hauv Calvin lub voj voog. Cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj biochemical yog cov piam thaj, uas yog cov khoom noj rau algae.
