Ntau cov tshuaj siv los ntawm cov txiv neej hauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Bura yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, technology, tshuaj, lub neej txhua hnub, thiab lwm yam borax yog dab tsi? Cov ntxhia no, tseem hu ua tincal lossis sodium borate, muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Yog li cas borax? Cov khoom no crystallizes nyob rau hauv ib tug monosymmetric system. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tsos, nws resembles kab ntawm augite. Nws lub npe txhais tau tias "dawb" hauv Persian. Pob tshab borax, kev siv uas yog ua tau tom qab ua tib zoo ua cov crystals, yog xyaum tsis muaj xim los yog me ntsis greyish. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm greasy sheen thiab qab zib-alkaline tom qab saj. Cov khoom yog soluble hauv dej. Rau qhov no, raws li txoj cai, 14 feem ntawm cov dej yog muab rau 1 feem ntawm tincal. Lub melting point ntawm cov ntxhia hauv nqe lus nug yog 60.8 ° C. Thaum melted nrog lub tshuab blowtorch, qhov hluav taws kub tig daj, thiab cov khoom nws tus kheej hloov mus rau hauv ib lub iav tsis muaj xim.
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm borax
Cia peb saib seb borax yog dab tsi ntawm chemistry. Tshuaj formula: Na2B4O7. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim raws li crystalline hydrate Na 2B4O7•10H 2O, uas sib haum rau 16% sodium, 37% boric acid thiab 47% dej. Borax yog cov khoom siv raw kom tau txais cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv nws. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog tswj los ntawm GOST 8429-77. Sodium tetraborate (borax) mus muag raws li ib tug dawb crystalline hmoov, qhov zoo ntawm uas nyob ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntsiab lus thiab cov degree ntawm purification. Cov khoom tuaj nyob rau hauv ob qib: A (qhov loj feem ntawm borax yog tsawg kawg yog 99.5%) thiab B (94%). Nws kuj muaj carbonates, sulfates, lead thiab arsenic.
Kev khawb av thiab tau txais borax
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog mined nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso. Dab tsi yog borax hauv kev nkag siab dav ntawm lo lus? Cov ntxhia no belongs rau chav kawm ntawm borates. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj residue ntawm ziab cov pas dej ntsev. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug thawj zaug tau tshwm sim tom qab nws tau pom nyob rau hauv Tibetan ntsev pas dej. Nws yog los ntawm qhov ntawd tias nws lwm lub npe los ntawm - tinkal. Qee lub pas dej hauv California ntiav cov nplua nuj nyob hauv xim av, qhov twg cov pob zeb loj loj raug mined. Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav kev thiab zaub mov sodium tetraborate.
Xyoo 1748, Fab Kis kws tshuaj Enuville thawj zaug tau txais borax los ntawm boric acid thiab dej qab zib. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, qee lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv dag zog sodium tetraborate decahydrate. DIY Borax tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawmneutralization ntawm boric acid nrog sodium carbonate, ua raws li evaporation ntawm qhov sib tov thiab pom. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no: 3=6H2O + CO2 + Na 2B 407. Cov dej qab zib tov yog npaj rau hauv ib lub thawv thiab rhuab mus rau 95-100 ° C, stirring tas li. Tom qab ntawd boric acid yog nchuav rau hauv nws. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los ntawm foaming, nws yog ntxiv rau hauv me me. Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum yog xws li cov tshuaj muaj 16-20% Na2B407 thiab 0.5-1.0% Na2C03. Cov sib tov yog boiled rau 30 feeb, lim thiab txias kom txog thaum muaju muaju. Ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ntxhia sib txawv ntawm lub ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv rhombohedral crystals thiab muaj dej tsawg. Nws tsuas yog siv rau kev siv thiab kho mob lub hom phiaj.
Bora: cov ntawv thov kev lag luam
Kev siv cov tshuaj no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Borax yog ib feem ntawm fluxes rau vuam hlau, nrog rau cov khoom muaj nqis. Raws li ib feem ntawm tus nqi, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov iav, enamels, thiab glazes, vim nws yog ib tug indispensable qhov chaw ntawm boron oxide. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab thiab ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thaum lub sij hawm ua cov ntaub npog nyoos. Borax yog xav tau kom tau txais electrolytes hauv metallurgy.
Tinkal yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov sodium perborate, uas yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov pa oxygen uas muaj tshuaj dawb hauvhluavtaws detergent hmoov. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom tu thiab tswj kom muaj qhov xav tau viscosity, acidity, muab lub peev xwm los tsim cov emulsion, sodium tetraborate suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv tu tsev thiab kev lag luam, tshuaj txhuam thiab polishes. Borax yog siv los tsim cov roj nplua nyeem, cov dej nres; Nws kuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, vim nws, cuam tshuam nrog hlau, tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm ntau cov nplaum.
Kev siv borax hauv lub neej txhua hnub
Cov pob zeb no tau siv los ntawm tib neeg los ua lub ntuj huv. Hauv av borax yog siv los ntxuav cov kav dej kom zoo. Xav ua kom koj chav dej ci ntsa iab? Tsis yog ib lo lus nug: nws yuav txaus rau ncuav 1 khob ntawm cov ntxhia hauv av rau hauv nws thiab tawm hauv ib hmos. Los ntawm txhuam koj cov kav dej thaum sawv ntxov, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm yuav luag txhua yam tawv ncauj. Cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm borax yog siv los ua tshuaj ntxuav tes (2 tsp rau 0.5 l dej).
Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb no tuaj yeem siv los tswj cov yoov thiab kab laum. Yog li, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm parasites, borax hmoov yog periodically poured. Koj tsis tas yuav txhawj txog cov pa taws: hauv qhov me me, nws tsis ua mob rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pwm, npaj cov tshuaj nplaum tuab ntawm dej thiab borax. Nws yog smeared rau ntawm moldy nto thiab sab laug rau 12-24 teev. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav qhuav yog wiped nrog ib tug txhuam, thiab cov seem yog ntxuav tawm nrog dej. Cov cuab yeej no tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov dej tsis sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd,borax yog siv nrog rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ua cov dab tshos thiab cuffs. Nws kuj tseem siv tau thaum ntxuav cov khoom ua los ntawm cov ntaub plaub (1 teaspoon ib 1 liter dej). Dab tsi rau? Yooj yim heev: muab cov khoom muag muag.
daim ntawv thov kho mob
Sodium tetraborate yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob rau yaug, douching, tawv nqaij thiab kho qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Rau qhov no, glycerin (20%) los yog aqueous daws ntawm borax yog siv. Cov tshuaj cawv tsis muaj nyob, vim hais tias cov tshuaj yog insoluble hauv cawv. Borax yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv kaw nruj nreem thiab tawm ntawm qhov ncav cuag cov menyuam yaus, vim tias muaj ntau thiab muaj ntau ntau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
