Physiology ntawm khoom noj khoom haus. Fundamentals ntawm kev noj haus physiology

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:28

Khoom noj khoom haus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, kev ua si thiab kev ua neej zoo nyob rau hauv dav dav. Tab sis, txhawm rau kom paub meej tag nrho cov khoom no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab lub cev nrog qee yam tshuaj hauv qhov tseeb piv thiab ntim raws sijhawm. Khoom noj khoom haus physiology kawm txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib tug neeg noj cov zaub mov: ntau npaum li cas protein, rog, carbohydrates, vitamins thiab minerals nws xav tau rau kev pom zoo ua hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb no tsom rau txoj hauv kev thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev noj mov, nws qhov ntim thiab lub cev lub cev.

khoom noj khoom haus physiology sanitation thiab tu cev

Nyob zoo Carbohydrates

Lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm tib neeg noj zaub mov muab cov carbohydrates ua lub luag haujlwm hauv lub zog metabolism. Ua tsaug rau lawv, tus neeg sai sai tau txais lub zog thiab lub zog, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm siab. Carbohydrates ua haujlwm rau ob peb lwm yam tseem ceeb:

plastic (suav nrograu hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm ntau lub cev);
kev tswj hwm (hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov roj oxidation, ketones tsis tso cai rau sau);
toning (ua kom cov txheej txheem hauv lub paj hlwb);
detoxification (tshem cov tshuaj phem).

Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm qhov piv ntawm hydrogen thiab oxygen atoms zoo ib yam li cov dej molecules.

Peb hom carbohydrates muaj nyob hauv cov zaub mov:

monosaccharide tebchaw (sawv cev los ntawm qabzib thiab fructose);
oligosaccharide tebchaw (sawv cev los ntawm sucrose, lactose thiab m altose);
polysaccharide tebchaw (sawv cev los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, glycogen, fiber ntau thiab pectin).

Carbohydrate qhov chaw yog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb: txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, nplej, thiab lwm yam.

Fats

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv muaj ib ntu ntawm cov rog ua cov khoom noj tseem ceeb, txij li lawv lub zog muaj nuj nqis yog ob zaug siab dua li cov protein thiab carbohydrates. Lipids yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb thiab koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem tsim.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov rog yog lub dissolution thiab assimilation ntawm cov vitamins A, D thiab E. Biologically active tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lipid tebchaw: tocopherol, lecithin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sterol. Txhim kho qhov saj ntawm cov zaub mov thiab ua kom nws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig yog ua tau vim qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov rog.

Cov rog hauv cov zaub mov yog qhov tseem ceeb ester cov ntsiab lus ntawm glycerol thiab fatty acids. Cov tom kawg tau muab faib ua ob pawg: saturated thiab unsaturated. Physiology ntawm NutritionMuab qhov tseem ceeb lom zem rau polyunsaturated fatty acids, sib npaug rau cov vitamins.

Lipids hauv cov khoom noj tsiaj yog sawv cev los ntawm cov roj ntsha saturated (nqaij npuas, nqaij nyug, yaj, thiab lwm yam), hauv cov zaub mov uas tsis muaj saturated (roj, txiv ntseej, noob).

YProteins

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus physiology xaiv cov proteins uas tsim nyog rau lub neej. Txhua lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg hauv tib neeg lub cev yog tsim los ntawm lawv. Cov haujlwm ntawm cov proteins muaj ntau yam: yas, catalytic, rov tsim dua, tiv thaiv, tshuaj tua kab mob, thauj thiab lwm yam.

cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm physiology thiab zaub mov huv

Los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj, cov proteins yog complex nitrogenous polymers uas muaj cov amino acids, 25 hom uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub cev (tseem ceeb), ib txhia tuaj tsuas yog nrog zaub mov (tseem ceeb).

Kev huv huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv physiology coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov muaj protein, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov proteins uas muaj cov amino acid sib npaug. Qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog cov khoom tsiaj (nqaij, qe, mis nyuj). Cov nroj tsuag proteins feem ntau tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov complex ntawm cov amino acids tseem ceeb (soy, buckwheat, taum, bran, thiab lwm yam).

Macronutrients

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj haus physiology xav txog macronutrients raws li cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, koom nrog cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm ntau qib. Cov tshuaj no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov pob txha uas xav tau calcium thiab phosphorus.

Rau macronutrientssuav nrog:

Ycalcium (mis nyuj, cheese, tsev cheese);

phosphorus (ntses, nqaij, qhob cij, cheese, taum, cereals);

magnesium (bread, cereals, taum, txiv ntseej);

sodium (rooj ntsev);

potassium (qos, txiv apples, taum, peas);

chlorine (bread, ntsev);

sulfur (nqaij, ntses, qe).

Macronutrient deficiency ua rau ntau yam kab mob ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev, feem ntau cov pob txha thiab cov hlab ntsha raug kev txom nyem.

Micronutrients

Microelements ua ntau yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb, ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tag nrho thiab nws cov kabmob ntawm tus kheej.

Pab pawg ntawm cov kab ke suav nrog:

hlau (tsiaj siab, buckwheat);
zinc (siab, legumes);
iodine (seaweed, cod siab, ntses hiav txwv);
fluorine (hiav txwv ntses, dej, tshuaj yej).

khoom noj khoom haus physiology technology

Khoom noj khoom haus physiology yog tsom rau lub koom haum ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom txaus ntawm macro- thiab micronutrients tsim nyog rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Vitamins Vitamins

Hauv phau ntawv “Biology. Physiology ntawm kev noj haus (Qib 7) cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov vitamins muaj nyob rau hauv ob peb ntu. Lawv lub luag haujlwm rau lub neej ntawm lub cev yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Cov tshuaj nquag no muaj nyob hauv cov enzymes thiab cov tshuaj hormones, koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic, ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev.

Vitamins tsis tsim los ntawm lub cev, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais los ntawm cov khoom noj. Deficiency ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob, nce qaug zog, tsis ua haujlwm thiabkev tiv thaiv.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj haus physiology

Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo yuav tsum muaj cov vitamins hauv qab no:

A - txhawb kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov tawv nqaij hluas, pom kev zoo, tiv thaiv kab mob (qhov chaw: carrots, qe, mis nyuj, herring, siab);
B₁ - ua kom cov leeg nqaij thiab paj hlwb ua haujlwm, lub zog tsim khoom (qhov chaw: nplej, nqaij, legumes, txiv ntseej);
B₂ - activates kev loj hlob thiab lub zog metabolism (qhov chaw: qe qe, nqaij qaib, ntses, poov xab);
B₆ - pab zom cov carbohydrates thiab cov rog, txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic (qhov chaw: qos yaj ywm, ntses, nqaij, nplej mov, zaub);
B₁₂ - tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib, kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb (qhov chaw: nqaij nruab deg, mis nyuj, nqaij, qe);
C - txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob, cov hniav noj qab haus huv, tawv nqaij thiab pob txha (qhov chaw: txiv kab ntxwv, txiv qaub, dub currants, rosehips, kua txob qab zib);
D - txhawb kev nqus calcium, kev loj hlob ntawm cov hniav thiab cov rau tes (qhov chaw: cov ntses rog, cov khoom siv mis nyuj);
E - tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm oxidation ntawm cov cellular theem, txhawb cov tawv nqaij regeneration (qhov chaw: nqaij, roj ntawm zaub keeb kwm, cov khoom nplej).

Lub cev ntawm kev noj zaub mov suav nrog kev noj cov vitamins hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov complexes tshwj xeeb, tsim los rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog thiab kev ua neej ntawm ib tug neeg.

Kev noj qab haus huv

Ntxiv rau kev coj mus rau hauv tus account microbiological muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, khoom noj khoom haus physiology - huv si thiab zaub mov huv. Nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawvcov cai hauv qab no:

Kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum muaj ntau yam ua tau.
Ntawm cov khoom noj uas ua los ntawm hmoov nplej, cereals lossis qos yaj ywm ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub.
Kev ua kom lub cev tsis tu ncua yog qhov xav tau.
Niam txiv thiab zaub tshiab txhua hnub.
Yuav tsum tau suav cov roj nrog zaub mov tas li, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov tsiaj nrog zaub.
Limit refined qab zib.
Tsis txhob ua phem ntxiv ntsev rau cov tais diav.

Ua noj zaub mov yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab khaws cia siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom lag luam (nyiam ua noj, suav nrog steaming, ci, microwave ua noj).

Ua raws li cov cai yooj yim no yuav txhim kho cov zaub mov zoo.

khoom noj khoom haus

Lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj haus physiology yog khoom noj khoom haus technology. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev lag luam yuav tsum tau teeb tsa hauv txoj hauv kev uas cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom nce. Qhov txiaj ntsig kawg ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as-ham, tab sis kuj los ntawm qhov uas lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm lub cev. Qhov teeb meem no cuam tshuam nrog kev zom zaub mov thiab lwm yam txheej txheem physiological.

Txawm tias txhua qhov teeb meem, nws tau ntseeg tau tias cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tau nqus tau zoo dua li ua los ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo. Yuav ua li caslub tastier thiab ntau appetizing cov zaub mov, qhov ntau pab tau rau lub cev. Qhov tseeb no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom noj.

Basic of huv si

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein, rog, carbohydrates, vitamins thiab minerals yog txiav txim siab los ntawm microbiology, khoom noj khoom haus physiology. Kev huv huv yog tsom rau kev txhim kho cov cai ntawm kev nyiam huv ntawm tus kheej hauv kev npaj thiab siv zaub mov. Lawv tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom, kev qhia cov kab mob rau hauv lawv, ua rau cov zaub mov lom thiab ntau yam kab mob.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev huv ntawm kev npaj zaub mov hauv cov chaw ua noj. Qib siab ntawm kev nyiam huv tus kheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm cuam tshuam rau kab lis kev cai ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg siv khoom.

kev tu cev thiab physiology ntawm kev noj haus

Txoj cai ntawm tus kheej cov txheej txheem tu cev muab rau qee qhov kev xav tau rau cov xwm txheej ntawm tes, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, zuag qhia tag nrho, kev tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum, kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Kev tu tus kheej ntawm txhua tus neeg thaum noj mov txhais tau tias ntxuav tes kom huv si, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, ntawm tag nrho lub cev, hnav khaub ncaws huv si, siv cov tais diav. Thaum muaj kab mob sib kis, kev sib cuag nrog lwm tus neeg yuav tsum txwv.

Khoom noj khoom haus physiology raws li kev qhuab qhia kev tshawb fawb

Kev qhuab qhia "Physiology ntawm kev noj zaub mov" yog qhia meej hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab, nthuav dav - hauv cov tsev kawm txuj ci. Nws suav nrog kev kawm txog physiological systems ntsig txog kev noj haus, ib puag ncig thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.neeg, pib digestion. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov chav kawm yog mob siab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov as-ham, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj zaub mov, kev tu cev thiab kev huv huv hauv kev npaj, ua thiab khaws cia cov khoom. Lub physiology ntawm kev noj haus nrog cov hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv science yog qhov kawg thematic thaiv npog cov kev lag luam ntawm qhov teeb meem.