Lub sijhawm Soviet hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv luv uas tau pom nyob txhua qhov chaw: hauv cov npe ntawm lub xeev cov tub ceev xwm, hauv cov koom haum tog, hauv cov npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb thiab cov npe yooj yim ntawm cov koom haum pej xeem ntawm ntau theem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub npe ntawm lub cev no txhais tau hais tias lub peev xwm ntawm nws lub hwj chim thiab lawv qib.
Creating a new management system
Txij li thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kev tawm tsam xyoo 1917, lub zog hauv lub tebchaws tau dhau mus rau ntawm Bolshevik Party. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov tub ceev xwm tshiab uas yuav ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev hloov lub teb chaws mus rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm proletariat. Lub taub hau ntawm tog, V. I. Lenin, tau kawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv European lub xeev, tsis paub txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cais ntawm lub hwj chim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsim lub xeev tshiab, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, tsis tso cai rau lub sijhawm tsim nyog thiab luv luv los ua cov kev hloov pauv tsim nyog thiab tswj lawv kom raug. Ntawm nws cov lus pom zoo, pom zoo tag nrho los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm tog, lub cev tshwj xeeb tshwm sim, sib txuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob txoj cai lij choj thiabkev tswj hwm thiab kev txiav txim plaub ntug. Yog li, dab tsi yog Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Hauv Tebchaws Russia nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1917 txog 1937?
Txoj kev ntawm Soviet qauv ntawm tsoomfwv
Thawj pib, nws qhov kev txawj ntse tau txuas ntxiv mus rau thaj chaw ntawm RSFSR, thaum cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Ukraine, Belarus thiab cov koom pheej ntawm Transcaucasia kuj tuaj yeem yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Tag Nrho. Cov ntawv luv luv yog "Tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee", yog li hais txog nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus tub ceev xwm ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1917, muaj kev hloov pauv me ntsis hauv lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum no: Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee tau tsim, uas tau los ua haujlwm ntawm pawg neeg ua haujlwm. Heev feem ntau, lub hwj chim ntawm Tag Nrho-Lavxias Central Executive Committee tau siv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm sib txawv kiag li, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv hierarchy lawv tag nrho hauv qab nws.
Txoj kev pib tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg, hauv lwm lo lus, tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws. Tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub cev no muaj xws li ib txoj cai lij choj raws li tsab cai ntawm All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo nkag siab, cov no yog cov cai uas tau txais los ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kev cai lij choj. Piv nrog rau tam sim no, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov no yog kev cai lij choj uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Xeev Duma ntawm Lavxias Federation.
qauv tsim thiab ua haujlwm cuam tshuam
Thaum lub sijhawm nws keeb kwm luv luv, pawg neeg ua haujlwm tau hloov kho ntau yam thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm nws lub hwj chim, thiab twb tau nyob rau hauv Yimth Congress ntawm Soviets cov ciam teb ntawm nws cov kev ua tau txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj cai lij choj, tab sis tom qab qee lub sijhawm nws yogrov qab tswj thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tau lees paub tias All-Lavxias teb sab Congress ntawm Soviets yog lub teb chaws tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub ncua sij hawm ntawm nws cov rooj sib tham, tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee. Cov ntawv sau tseg yuav ua rau muaj kev poob siab me ntsis, tab sis tsab ntawv "Kuv" qhia txog "tus thawj coj" tiag tiag qhia tias pawg neeg koom nrog hauv kev xaiv tsa cov tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Txoj cai lij choj, tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1918, tau muab Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Txhua-Lavxias teb sab ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob hauv lub koom haum cov qauv ntawm lub hwj chim hauv RSFSR, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv USSR.
Kev tsim kho thiab subordination
Txoj Cai Lij Choj Thib Ob, tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1925, thaum kawg tau pom zoo tsim lub xeev lub zog ntawm RSFSR thiab USSR: txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Txhua-Lavxias teb sab tau muaj ntau pawg thiab chaw haujlwm. Cov qauv ntawm lub xeev tseem ceeb no yog peb npaug:
-
Dab tsi yog vtsik Lub Tsev Haujlwm (nyiaj txiag, Cossack, tshaj tawm, kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam - txog kaum ntawm tag nrho).
- Presidium ntawm All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
- Secretariat ntawm All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim tas li: piv txwv li, nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1923, lub npe hu ua Small Presidium pib ua haujlwm. Nws lub koom haum tau txuas nrog qhov tseeb tias tus naj npawb ntawm kev thov rov hais dua rau pawg neeg saib xyuas lub cev tau nce ntau, thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom cov haujlwm ntau ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, chav tsev no tau liquidated nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau kev hloov ntawm ib feem ntawm lub hwj chim mus rau lwm lub tsev ntawm lub hwj chim. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm liquidation, cov qauv ntawm pawg neeg muaj cov qauv hauv qab no:
- SecretariatThawj Tswj Hwm ntawm All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee.
- Kev txais tos ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
- Nyiaj txiag, Human Resources and Outreach Team.
Zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab USSR
Yog hais tias peb kos ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub cev zoo sib xws ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab lub Soviet Union, ces tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee yuav muab tso rau ib tug par nrog tsarist Senate, lub Scope ntawm txoj cai thiab lub koom haum cov qauv. cov tub ceev xwm no yuav luag zoo ib yam nrog qee qhov sib txawv me me. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, tsis muaj kev sib cais ntawm lub hwj chim, thiab ib lub koom haum ntawm lub xeev tau ua ntau yam kev ua, feem ntau duplicating thiab hloov cov hauj lwm ntawm lwm tus. Hauv qhov thib ob, nws tau txais tus cwj pwm zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xav kom meej meej xav txog tag nrho cov cumbersomeness ntawm cov thawj coj apparatus nyob rau hauv lub RSFSR thiab lub USSR, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj kuj muaj ib tug Central Executive Committee, nrog rau tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm thawj zaug los ntawm qhov thib ob txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub npe "Tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab", thiab cov haujlwm yuav luag zoo tib yam. Tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee ntawm lub USSR txuas ntxiv ua hauj lwm mus txog rau thaum 1938, thaum ib tug ruaj khov Supreme Soviet tau tsim - lub ntsiab cai ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Soviets.
