Friedrich August von Hayek yog Austrian thiab Askiv tus kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshawb fawb. Nws tiv thaiv kev nyiam ntawm classical liberalism. Nyob rau hauv 1974, nws tau muab lub Nobel nqi zog nrog Gunnar Mirdel rau "pioneering ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm nyiaj txoj kev xav thiab … ib tug sib sib zog nqus tsom xam ntawm interdependence ntawm economic, kev sib raug zoo thiab lub koom haum phenomena." Hayek hu ua tus sawv cev ntawm Austrian thiab Chicago cov tsev kawm ntawv. Nws qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb yog cov lus sib cav, catallactics, kev paub txog kev txawj ntse, tus nqi teeb liab, kev txiav txim siab, Hayek-Hebb qauv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Friedrich Hayek yog ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus nqi hloov pauv li cas qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov tib neeg uas pab lawv tswj lawv cov phiaj xwm yog qhov kev nce qib loj hauv kev lag luam. Hayek tau koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab tau hais ntau dua ib zaug tias qhov kev paub no ua rau muaj kev xav hauv nws los ua tus kws tshawb fawb thiab pab tib neeg kom zam dhau qhov ua yuam kev uas ua raurau armed confrontation. Thaum nws lub neej nws hloov nws qhov chaw nyob ntau zaus. Friedrich Hayek tau ua haujlwm hauv Austria, Great Britain, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Nws yog tus xibfwb ntawm London Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Lag Luam, University of Chicago thiab Fribourg. Xyoo 1939, Hayek tau los ua neeg Askiv. Xyoo 1984 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Knights of Honour thiab thawj tus tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Hans Martin Schleyer. Nws tsab xov xwm "Kev Siv Kev Txawj Ntse hauv Lub Ntiaj Teb" yog ib qho ntawm 20 sab saum toj luam tawm los ntawm American Economic Review nyob rau hauv thawj 100 xyoo.
Biography
Friedrich Hayek yug hauv Vienna. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws kho mob thiab ib tug kws qhia ntawv dawb ntawm botany ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos. Hayek niam yug los rau hauv ib tsev neeg muaj nyiaj muaj av. Ntxiv rau Friedrich, nkawm niam txiv muaj ob tug tub ntxiv (1, 5 thiab 5 xyoo yau dua nws). Ob leeg ntawm Hayek yawg yog cov kws tshawb fawb. Nws niam tus kwv tij thib ob yog tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Ludwig Wittgenstein. Tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov kev txaus siab ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej. Xyoo 1917, Friedrich Hayek tau koom nrog kev tua phom loj hauv pab tub rog Austro-Hungarian ntawm Italian pem hauv ntej. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj rau kev ua siab loj thaum tsov rog.
Xyoo 1921 thiab 1923 nws tiv thaiv nws cov PhDs hauv kev cai lij choj thiab kev nom kev tswv. Xyoo 1931 nws pib ua haujlwm hauv London Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Lag Luam. Nws nto moo sai sai. Thiab lawv pib tham txog Hayek ua tus theorist tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb. Tom qab lub teb chaws Yelemees poob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Nazis, nws txiav txim siab txais kev ua pej xeem Askiv. Xyoo 1950-1962 nws nyob USA. Tom qab ntawd nws tsiv mus rauLub teb chaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los xij, Hayek tseem yog ib qho kev kawm Askiv rau tag nrho nws lub neej. Xyoo 1974 nws yeej Nobel nqi zog. Qhov kev tshwm sim no ua rau nws muaj koob meej ntau dua. Thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej, nws tau ntsib Lavxias tus neeg tawm tsam Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Tom qab ntawd nws xa nws mus txhais nws txoj hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws, Txoj Kev rau Kev Ua qhev.
Lub neej ntiag tug
Lub Yim Hli 1926, Friedrich Hayek tau sib yuav Helen Bertha Maria von Fritsch. Lawv tau ntsib tom haujlwm. Cov khub niam txiv muaj ob tug menyuam, tab sis lawv tau sib cais hauv xyoo 1950. Ob lub lis piam tom qab kev sib nrauj, Hayek tau sib yuav Helena Bitterlich hauv Arkansas, qhov twg nws tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Friedrich Hayek: phau ntawv
Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Chicago npaj yuav tso cov haujlwm sau los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm no ntev heev. Lub 19-ntu series yuav muaj cov phau ntawv hloov tshiab, kev xam phaj tus sau, cov ntawv, ntawv, thiab cov ntawv tsis tau tshaj tawm. Hayek cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws suav nrog:
- "Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle", 1929.
- Prices and Production, 1931.
- "Cov nyiaj tau los, kev txaus siab thiab kev nqis peev thiab lwm yam kev sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev lag luam hloov pauv", 1939.
- Road to Slavery, 1944.
- Individualism and Economic Order, 1948.
- "Kev xa tawm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev ywj pheej", 1951.
- "Kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb: kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim txom ntawm qhov laj thawj", 1952.
- "Freedom Constitution", 1960.
- "Deadly Presumption: The Mistakes of Socialism", 1988.
Friedrich Hayek, Txoj Kev rau Kev Ua qhev
Nov yog txoj haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Austrian economist thiab philosopher. Nws sau rau xyoo 1940-1943. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws ceeb toom ntawm kev txaus ntshai ntawm tyranny, uas inevitably xaus tsoom fwv tswj ntawm kev txiav txim siab los ntawm lub hauv paus npaj. Friedrich von Hayek ua pov thawj tias qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm tus kheej thiab cov tswv yim ntawm classical liberalism inevitably ua rau poob ntawm kev ywj pheej, tsim kom muaj lub neej tsis muaj zog, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab "kev ua cev qhev" ntawm tib neeg. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus kws tshawb fawb cov lus tau khiav tawm tsam cov kev xav hauv lub sijhawm ntawd hauv kev tshawb fawb uas fascism (National Socialism) yog cov lus teb rau kev loj hlob ntawm socialism. Hayek taw qhia rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm ob lub cev. Ntau tshaj li ob lab luam ntawm Txoj Kev rau Kev Ua qhev tau raug muag txij thaum nws tshaj tawm. Txoj haujlwm ntawm Friedrich Hayek tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws tseem hais hnub no.
Kev koom tes thiab lees paub
Hayek txoj haujlwm tau cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho kev xav txog nyiaj txiag. Nws cov tswv yim yog qhov thib ob tshaj plaws (tom qab Kenneth Arrow) hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Nobel laureates. Vernon Smith thiab Herbert Simon hu nws ua tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Nws yog Hayek uas thawj zaug qhia lub sij hawm dimension rau hauv kev ua lag luam sib npaug. Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev xav, cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev txiav txim tsis tu ncua.
Txoj Cai thiab khoom plig
Txawm tias tom qab nws tuag, Hayek tseem yog ib tus kws tshaj lij kev lag luam ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nws views yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias outdated. Lub npe ntawm nws:
- Cov neeg kawm ntawv hauv London Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam. Nws tau tsim xyoo 1996.
- Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Oxford. Tsim xyoo 1983.
- Cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm lub koom haum Cato. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Hayek tau txais lub npe ntawm Distinguished Senior Fellow ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb Asmeskas no.
- Cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm University of Francisco Marroquin hauv Guatemala.
- Foundation rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Tib Neeg. Nws muab khoom plig rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav thiab cov kws tshawb fawb hluas.
- Kev qhuab qhia ib xyoos ib zaug ntawm Ludwig von Mises Institute. Ntawm nws, cov kws tshawb fawb tham txog Hayek qhov kev koom tes rau kev tshawb fawb.
- George Mason University Economic Essay Award.
