Keeb kwm keeb kwm hais tias cov lus Turkic tau tshwm sim nyob rau thawj xyoo txhiab BC, thaum thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm pawg no tshwm sim. Tab sis, raws li kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub qhia, cov lus nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim ntau dhau lawm. Muaj txawm tias muaj kev xav hais tias cov lus Turkic tuaj ntawm ib hom lus proto-lus, uas tau hais los ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv Eurasia, zoo li hauv cov lus dab neeg ntawm Ntauwd ntawm Babel. Lub ntsiab tshwm sim ntawm cov lus Turkic yog tias nws tsis tau hloov ntau tshaj li tsib txhiab xyoo ntawm nws lub neej. Cov ntawv sau thaum ub ntawm Sumerians tseem yuav meej meej rau Kazakhs raws li cov phau ntawv niaj hnub no.
Kev faib tawm
Pab pawg lus Turkic muaj ntau heev. Yog tias koj saib thaj chaw, cov neeg sib txuas lus zoo sib xws nyob li no: nyob rau sab hnub poob, ciam teb pib nrog Qaib Cov Txwv, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - nrog Xinjiang Autonomous Region ntawm Tuam Tshoj, nyob rau sab qaum teb - los ntawm East Siberian Hiav Txwv thiab nyob rau hauv. sab qab teb - by Khorasan.
Tam sim no, kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hais lus Turkic yog 164 lab, tus lej no yuav luag sib npaug rau tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Russia. Tam sim no, muaj kev xav sib txawv txog yuav ua li caspawg ntawm Turkic lus yog cais. Yam lus twg sawv hauv pab pawg no, peb yuav txiav txim siab ntxiv. Basic: Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Uighur, Tatar, Bashkir, Chuvash, Balkar, Karachay, Kumyk, Nogai, Tuvan, Khakass, Yakut thiab lwm yam.
Ancient Turkic-hais neeg
Peb paub tias pawg lus Turkic tau nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv Eurasia. Cov neeg uas hais li no tsuas yog hu ua Turks thaum ub. Lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev yug nyuj thiab ua liaj ua teb. Tab sis ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tag nrho cov niaj hnub haiv neeg ntawm lub Turkic pab pawg neeg raws li cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug ancient haiv neeg. Raws li ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, lawv cov ntshav sib xyaw nrog cov ntshav ntawm lwm haiv neeg ntawm Eurasia, thiab tam sim no tsis muaj cov neeg hauv paus txawm Turks.
Cov neeg thaum ub ntawm pawg no suav nrog:
- Turkuts - pawg neeg uas nyob hauv roob Altai hauv xyoo pua 5 AD;
- Pechenegs - tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th thiab nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Kievan Rus, Hungary, Alania thiab Mordovia;
- Polovtsy - nrog rau lawv cov tsos lawv tau tawm ntawm Pechenegs, lawv muaj kev ywj pheej-hlub thiab txhoj puab heev;
- Huns - tau tshwm sim hauv II-IV centuries thiab tswj los tsim ib lub xeev loj ntawm Volga mus rau Rhine, Avars thiab Hungarians tau tawm ntawm lawv;
- Bulgars - los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg thaum ub tau los ntawm cov neeg xws li Chuvash, Tatars, Bulgarians, Karachays, Balkars.
- Khazars yog cov pab pawg loj uas tswj hwm los tsim lawv lub xeev thiab tshem tawm Huns;
- Oghuz Turks - poj koob yawm txwvTurkmens, Azerbaijanis, nyob hauv Seljukia;
- Karluks - nyob hauv Central Asia hauv VIII-XV centuries.
Kev faib tawm
Cov lus Turkic muaj kev faib ua ntau yam. Hloov chaw, txhua tus kws sau keeb kwm muaj nws tus kheej version, uas yuav txawv ntawm lwm qhov los ntawm kev hloov me me. Peb muab kev xaiv ntau tshaj rau koj:
- pab pawg Bulgarian. Tib tug neeg sawv cev tam sim no yog lus Chuvash.
- pab pawg Yakut yog sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov neeg ntawm pawg lus Turkic. Cov neeg nyob hauv hais lus Yakut thiab Dolgan dialects.
- South Siberian - pab pawg no suav nrog cov lus ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov ciam teb ntawm Russia nyob rau sab qab teb Siberia.
- Southeastern, los yog Karluk. Piv txwv yog Uzbek thiab Uighur.
- Northwestern, lossis Kypchak pawg - sawv cev los ntawm ntau haiv neeg, ntau tus neeg nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej thaj chaw ywj pheej, xws li Tatars, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz.
- Southwestern, los yog Oguz. Cov lus suav nrog hauv pab pawg yog Turkmen, Salar, Turkish.
Tom ntej no, xav txog cov neeg twg ntawm pawg lus Turkic nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias.
Yakuts
Ntawm lawv thaj chaw, cov pej xeem hauv zos tsuas hu lawv tus kheej Sakha. Li no lub npe ntawm cheeb tsam - lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha. Qee cov neeg sawv cev kuj tau nyob hauv lwm thaj chaw nyob sib ze. Cov Yakuts yog cov neeg sab hnub tuaj tshaj plaws ntawm pawg lus Turkic. Kab lis kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai tau nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawmqiv los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg nyob hauv nruab nrab steppe ntawm Asia.
Khakasians
Rau cov neeg no, ib cheeb tsam tau txhais - lub koom pheej ntawm Khakassia. Ntawm no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Khakasses - txog 52 txhiab tus neeg. Ob peb txhiab ntxiv tau tsiv mus nyob hauv Tula thiab Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Shors
Lub tebchaws no tau mus txog nws tus lej loj tshaj plaws nyob rau xyoo 17th-18th. Tam sim no qhov no yog ib pab pawg me me uas tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam Kemerovo. Txog niaj hnub no, tus lej tsawg heev, kwv yees li 10 txhiab tus neeg.
Tuvans
Tuvans feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv qee yam ntawm cov lus. Lawv nyob hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Tuva (Tyva). Nov yog ib qho me me sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov neeg ntawm pawg lus Turkic, nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog Suav teb.
Tofalars
Lub teb chaws no yuav luag ploj mus. Raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 2010, 762 tus neeg tau pom nyob hauv ntau lub zos ntawm cheeb tsam Irkutsk.
Siberian Tatars
Cov lus sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tatar yog hom lus uas suav tias yog hom lus hauv tebchaws rau Siberian Tatars. Qhov no kuj yog ib pawg lus Turkic. Cov neeg ntawm cov pab pawg no yog densely nyob rau hauv Russia. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk thiab lwm yam.
Ntxhais
Ib pawg me nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Lawv txawm muaj lawv lub nroog hauv nroog - Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky. Txog hnub tim, tsuas muaj 7.5 txhiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Dolgans sab laug.
Altaians
Pab pawg Turkic cov lus suav nroglawv tus kheej lub lexicon ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Altai. Tam sim no nyob rau thaj chaw no koj tuaj yeem paub cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg qub.
Independent Turkic-hais lus xeev
Hnub no, muaj rau lub xeev ywj pheej, uas nws haiv neeg yog haiv neeg Turkic. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog Kazakhstan thiab Kyrgyzstan. Tau kawg, Qaib ntxhw thiab Turkmenistan. Thiab tsis txhob hnov qab txog Uzbekistan thiab Azerbaijan, uas koom nrog pawg lus Turkic hauv tib txoj kev.
Cov Uighurs muaj lawv tus kheej thaj tsam. Nws nyob hauv Suav teb thiab hu ua Xinjiang. Lwm haiv neeg uas yog cov Turks kuj nyob hauv thaj chaw no.
Kyrgyz
Cov lus Turkic feem ntau suav nrog Kyrgyz. Tseeb tiag, Kirghiz lossis Kyrgyz yog cov neeg sawv cev qub tshaj plaws ntawm Turks uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Eurasia. Thawj qhov hais txog Kirghiz muaj nyob rau hauv 1 txhiab BC. e. Yuav luag thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm, lub tebchaws tsis muaj nws lub tebchaws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tswj hwm nws tus kheej thiab kab lis kev cai. Cov Kyrgyz txawm muaj lub tswvyim xws li "ahar", uas txhais tau hais tias kev sib koom ua haujlwm, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib koom siab.
Lub Kyrgyz tau nyob ntev hauv thaj chaw steppe sparsely populated. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Cov neeg no muaj kev tos txais qhua heev. Thaum ib tug neeg tshiab tuaj txog hauv kev sib hais plaub, nws yuav qhia cov xov xwm uas tsis muaj leej twg hnov ua ntej. Rau qhov no, cov qhua tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plawskho. Nws tseem yog ib txoj kev cai qhuas cov qhua dawb ceev.
Kazakhs
Pab pawg lus Turkic yuav tsis muaj nyob yog tsis muaj Kazakhs. Nov yog cov neeg Turkic coob tshaj plaws nyob tsis yog hauv lub xeev ntawm tib lub npe xwb, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Kev lis kev cai pej xeem ntawm Kazakhs hnyav heev. Cov menyuam yaus txij li thaum yau raug coj los rau hauv txoj cai nruj, lawv raug qhia kom muaj lub luag haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm hnyav. Rau lub teb chaws no, lub tswv yim ntawm "jigit" yog kev khav theeb ntawm cov neeg, ib tus neeg, ntawm txhua tus nqi, tiv thaiv kev hwm ntawm nws pawg neeg lossis nws tus kheej.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Kazakhs, tseem muaj kev faib meej rau "dawb" thiab "dub". Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, qhov no tau poob nws lub ntsiab lus ntev, tab sis cov seem ntawm cov ntsiab lus qub tseem khaws cia. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsos ntawm Kazakh yog tias nws tuaj yeem zoo ib yam li European thiab Suav.
Turks
Cov Turkic pab pawg lus suav nrog Turkish. Nws yog li ntawd tshwm sim keeb kwm tias Qaib Cov Txwv yeej ib txwm nyob ze kev koom tes nrog Russia. Thiab cov kev sib raug zoo no tsis yog ib txwm muaj kev thaj yeeb. Byzantium, thiab tom qab ntawd lub teb chaws Ottoman, pib nws lub neej ib txhij nrog Kievan Rus. Txawm li ntawd los muaj thawj qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb rau txoj cai los kav lub Hiav Txwv Dub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev ua phem no hnyav zuj zus, uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russians thiab Turks.
Turks yog qhov tshwj xeeb heev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv qee qhov ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv. Lawv hardy, siab ntev thiab tag unpretentious nyob rau hauvlub neej txhua hnub. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws yog ceev faj heev. Txawm yog lawv npau taws los lawv yeej yuav tsis qhia lawv tej kev tsis txaus siab. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem tuav kev npau taws thiab ua pauj. Hauv qhov teeb meem loj, cov Turks yog neeg txawj ntse heev. Lawv tuaj yeem luag nyav hauv lub ntsej muag, thiab cov phiaj xwm kev xav hauv qab lawv nraub qaum rau lawv tus kheej qhov txiaj ntsig.
Cov Turks coj lawv txoj kev ntseeg heev. Cov cai Muslim hnyav tau sau tseg txhua kauj ruam hauv lub neej ntawm Turk. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem tua tus neeg tsis ntseeg thiab tsis raug rau txim rau nws. Lwm qhov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwj xeeb no yog kev ua phem rau cov tsis-Muslims.
Zoo kawg
cov neeg hais lus Turkic yog pawg neeg coob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Turks thaum ub nyob rau txhua lub teb chaws, tab sis lawv feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw hauv paus txawm - nyob rau hauv roob Altai thiab sab qab teb ntawm Siberia. Ntau tus neeg tau tswj xyuas lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm cov xeev ywj pheej.
