Kev Sib Tw "Iowa": yam ntxwv. Iowa-chav kawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev Sib Tw "Iowa": yam ntxwv. Iowa-chav kawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab
Kev Sib Tw "Iowa": yam ntxwv. Iowa-chav kawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab
Anonim

Lub nkoj niaj hnub no paub ntau yam piv txwv ntawm kev ua lub nkoj ua lub kaum ob lossis ob xyoos dhau los tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam. Cov no, piv txwv li, suav nrog lub npe nrov American battleship Iowa. Cov hom nkoj no muaj npe li cas? Txog tam sim no, ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov kws tua phom ntseeg tias cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam, riam phom thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau tswj hwm los tsim cov nkoj nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb, ceev thiab ruaj ntseg.

Pib txhim kho

nkoj iowa
nkoj iowa

Kev pib ua haujlwm ntawm nkoj hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo 1938. Cov neeg tsim tau tam sim ntawd muab txoj haujlwm los tsim kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ceev thiab muaj tub rog uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov neeg nqa dav hlau thiab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm lawv. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog kom ua tiav qhov nrawm ntawm 30 pob. Tib lub sijhawm, thawj qhov teeb meem nrog Nyiv tau pib, yog li ntawdNws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom maj nrawm: ntau tus nkag siab tias cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm samurai yuav tsis plam lub sijhawm los tawm tsam US fleet.

Yog tsis muaj ado ntxiv, peb txiav txim siab siv South Dakota-chav nkoj ua lub hauv paus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Iowa kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais kev hloov pauv ntawm 45 txhiab tons, thiab 406 mm phom tau dhau los ua cov phom loj loj. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias yuav luag 70 metres tau ntxiv rau qhov ntev ntawm lub nkoj, tab sis qhov dav ntawm lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau tso tseg yuav luag tsis hloov, txij li Panama Canal tau sau nws tus kheej cov qauv.

Navy Batons

Cov neeg tsim qauv kuj tau siv cov kev daws teeb meem qub: qhov chaw tshiab ntawm lub tshuab fais fab. Yog li ntawd, nws tau tig mus rau qhov nqaim heev ntawm lub qhov ntswg, kom ntseeg tau tias kev tsav tsheb zoo heev ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Vim li no, lub battleship "Iowa" yog nicknamed "baton". Tau kawg, vim qhov nce ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub hull, qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov armor tau nce, tab sis nws cov yam ntxwv tseem zoo ib yam li ntawm South Dakota ships. Yog li, lub ntsiab armored siv muaj tib lub thickness ntawm 310 hli.

Tag nrho ntawm plaub lub nkoj ntawm chav kawm no tau tsim:

  • Ncaj nraim "Iowa" - kev sib ntaus sib tua yog tus chij.
  • New Jersey.
  • Missouri.
  • Wisconsin.

Tseem muaj cov qauv tsim rau lub nkoj Illinois thiab Kentucky, tab sis lawv yeej tsis tau tsim. Qhov no tshwm sim rau ib qho laj thawj banal - kev ua tsov ua rog dhau lawm, thiab siv 100 lab las rau kev tsim kho ntawm txhua lub nkoj nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim yog ruam. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus hneev nti ntawm Illinois tau siv los kho Wisconsin.

Iowankoj sib ntaus sib tua
Iowankoj sib ntaus sib tua

Kuv tuaj yeem pom lub nkoj "Iowa" nyob qhov twg? Tus qauv 1: 200, uas tuaj yeem yuav ntawm yuav luag txhua lub nkoj tsim qauv, yuav muab sijhawm rau koj. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb muaj ntau cov duab ntawm cov nkoj. Tau kawg, lawv cov duab nyob hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

General Specifications

Dab tsi ua rau lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua Iowa muaj? TTX tau raws li nram no:

  • Kev xa tawm yog 57450 tons.
  • tag nrho ntev - 270.5 meters.
  • Qhov dav ntawm lub nkoj yog 33 meters.
  • Nkoj lub nkoj yog 11 meters.
  • Lawv tau siv los ntawm plaub lub cav diesel, txhua tus muaj 212,000 horsepower.
  • Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 33 pob, uas yog kwv yees li 61 km / h.
  • Nkoj ntau - yam tsawg kawg 15 txhiab nautical mais.

Cov riam phom kuj tseem ua tau zoo heev:

  • Plaub Vulkan kev teeb tsa.
  • Plaub Harpoon tiv thaiv lub nkoj foob pob hluav taws (tom qab kev kho tshiab).
  • Peb 406mm artillery mounts (peb lub chim txhua tus).
  • Rau 125mm mounts (ob lub thoob txhua qhov).
iowa battleship yees duab
iowa battleship yees duab

Tsis tas li ntawd, Iowa-chav sib ntaus sib tua tau txais 32 Tomahawks ntxiv tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.

New artillery systems

Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom tau tso tseg tib yam, 50 calibers, ncecev 406mm. Cov phom tshiab tau txais lub npe Mk-7. Lawv tau zoo tshaj plaws rau 45-caliber Mk-6s uas tau nruab rau ntawm South Dakota-chav nkoj nkoj. Ntawm lwm yam, qhov hnyav ntawm artillery systems raug txo, ntau cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau hloov nrog cov niaj hnub. Feem ntau, Iowa kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov duab kos uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, yog lub nkoj siab heev rau nws lub sijhawm.

Scaling up

Feem ntau, cov riam phom no muaj keeb kwm nthuav dav. Yog li, 20 xyoo ua ntej ntawd, ntau ntawm 406 mm caliber artillery systems tau tsim, tab sis tom qab lawv siv tau txwv los ntawm txoj cai. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev txwv no tau tso tseg, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem daws tau ob qho teeb meem ib zaug. Ua ntej, Iowa battleship tau txais cov cuab yeej tsim nyog tiag tiag. Qhov thib ob, muaj qhov "tsim cai" kev ncaj ncees rau kev hloov pauv ntau ntxiv, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm "sab" ntau lwm yam kev tsim kho tshiab rau hauv lub nkoj.

Txawm li cas los xij, sai sai no tau pom tseeb tias nws yuav tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nce qhov kev hloov pauv ntxiv los ntawm 2000 tons, uas tsis haum rau cov lus siv. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem tau pom sai sai - cov phom tau lightened los ntawm kev siv lwm yam alloys rau kev tsim khoom thiab tso tseg qee yam qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Amelikas tau pib siv cov txheej txheem ntawm chromium plating, nrog cov txheej tuab ntawm 0.013 hli. Lub neej ntawm rab phom yog kwv yees li 300 rounds.

Iowa-class battleships
Iowa-class battleships

Shutter - hom piston, thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm, nws leaned. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj, lub chim yog yuampurged nrog cua siab. Yog tsis muaj lub kaw lus, rab phom hnyav 108 tons, nrog rau nws qhov hnyav mus txog 121 tons.

Y

Projectiles used

Kev tua, kev txhaj tshuaj loj heev tau siv, cov hmoov nplej ib leeg uas hnyav ze li peb centners. Nws tuaj yeem tso lub projectile hnyav 1225 kilograms ntawm qhov deb ntawm yuav luag plaub caug kilometers. Qhov ntau ntawm cov mos txwv muaj xws li armor-piercing thiab high-explosive fragmentation ntau yam. Tab sis tsis yog tsuas yog cov plhaub no nyob hauv arsenal ntawm Iowa nkoj. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tub rog nrog Mk-5 txhaj tshuaj, qhov hnyav ntawm 1116 kg. Ze rau xyoo 1940, US Navy kuj tau txais MK-8 projectile, uas (zoo li cov laus versions) kuj hnyav 1225 kilograms.

Feem ntau, kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm qhov hnyav thiab caliber tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tua hluav taws ntawm Asmeskas cov nkoj, pib nrog North Carolina. Nws yuav zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis tsuas yog 1.5% ntawm qhov hnyav tau ncaj qha los ntawm tus nqi tawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tseem txaus los rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv Pacific thaum tsov rog nrog cov neeg Nyij Pooj, nws yog Iowa uas txawv nws tus kheej. Lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, uas nws daim duab yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tau rov qab koom nrog kev ntxuav thaj chaw dej los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nkoj.

Hnub nyoog Nuclear

battleship iowa qauv
battleship iowa qauv

Thaum 50s thaum ntxov, Mk-23 projectile tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam, uas tau nruab nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob, lub zog ntawm 1 kt. Nws hnyav "tsuas yog" 862 kilograms, muaj qhov ntev ntawm ib thiab ib nrab meters, thiab nyob rau hauv tsos yog xyaum indistinguishable los ntawm Mk-13. Raws li lub official version, tshwj xeeb shells muajnyob rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog US Navy los ntawm 1956 txog 1961, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv yeej ib txwm khaws cia rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv arsenals.

Nyob rau xyoo 1980s thaum ntxov, nws tau pom tias Iowa-chav sib ntaus sib tua tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tua ntau yam thiab cov yam ntxwv no tsis tuaj yeem ua mob rau kev txhim kho loj. Txhawm rau tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no, American engineers pib tsim tshwj xeeb sub-caliber projectile rau 406-mm phom. Qhov hnyav tsuas yog 654 kilograms, nws yuav tsum ya tsawg kawg yog 66 kilometers. Tab sis qhov kev txhim kho no yeej tsis tawm ntawm qhov kev sim.

Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm cov phom yog ob zaug ib feeb, thiab txhua lub thoob tuaj yeem tua nws tus kheej. Ib tug pej thuam nrog 406 mm phom hnyav kwv yees li peb txhiab tons. Kev suav ntawm 94 tus neeg (rau txhua rab phom) yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tua. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv nkoj Iowa? Lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua, uas nws daim duab tau tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv kab lus, xav tau 2,800 tus neeg tsav nkoj los sau tag nrho cov chaw ua haujlwm.

Aiming systems, phom turrets

Lub turret tuaj yeem tsom kab rov tav ntawm 300 degrees, vertically - los ntawm +45 thiab -5 degrees. Cov plhaub tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ob theem, vertically, hauv qhov barbette ntawm rab phom mount. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub khw thiab lub tshuab tig ntawm tus pej thuam muaj ob lub platform ntxiv uas tuaj yeem tig nws tus kheej ntawm tus pej thuam nws tus kheej. Nws yog lawv cov uas tau txais lub plhaub los ntawm cov khw muag khoom, tom qab ntawd lawv raug xa mus rau cov phom. Peb lub lifts yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov no ib zaug, lub zog ntawm txhua tus yog 75 horsepower.

Ntaus cia

Cov mos txwv tau khaws cia rauob tiers nyob rau hauv qis compartments. Kev muab khoom rau cov yees kuj tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tab sis qhov no nws lub zog yog 100 hp. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Dakotas, tus tsim ntawm lub nkoj tsis muaj reloading compartments uas yuav cawm tau cov neeg coob nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tawg ntawm mos txwv.

Yuav daws qhov teeb meem no, cov neeg Asmeskas tau muab cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm lub qhov rooj hermetic. Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau nco ntsoov tias qhov kev txiav txim siab no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag rau cov neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj, tab sis hauv kev xyaum, kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau lees paub. Kev puas tsuaj dab tsi ua rau lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua Iowa muaj sia nyob? Kev tawg. Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1989. Tom qab ntawd, rab phom thib ob ntawm 406-millimeter phom tawg, thiab vim li ntawd, 47 tus neeg tuag ib zaug, thiab qhov kev teeb tsa tau ntes hluav taws. Txog rau tam sim no, cov laj thawj ntawm qhov xwm txheej tseem tsis tau tsim muaj tseeb.

Ua rau lub xeev xwm txheej kub ntxhov

iowa class battleship qauv
iowa class battleship qauv

Nws xav tias qhov tawg yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tus neeg tsav nkoj, tab sis nws lub siab tsis meej. Lwm version yog tias ib lub plhaub tawg vim qee yam kev tsim khoom tsis raug. Feem ntau, tag nrho zaj dab neeg no zoo nkaus li phem heev: hnub tom qab lub pej thuam raug ntxuav tag, pleev xim rau, thiab cov khoom puas tsuaj tau muab pov rau hauv hiav txwv.

Ua li ntawd, lub qhov rooj airtight tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm: lub nkoj tseem nyob hauv av, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Thiab qhov tseeb tias 47 tus neeg tsav nkoj tuag ntawm tag nrho ntawm 2,800 kuj hais txog qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub kaw lus. Lub pej thuam thib ob tom qab qhov xwm txheej no raug kaw thiab tsis siv lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov no, Iowa-class battleship tsis tuaj yeem koom nrogNicaraguan cov xwm txheej.

Sib ntaus sib tua

Txhua lub nkoj ntawm cov koob no tau koom nrog Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, thiab kev tso siab rau Nyij Pooj tau kos npe rau ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv, USS Missouri. Xyoo 1943, Iowa nws tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev taug qab German Tirpitz, thiab twb nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, Thawj Tswj Hwm Roosevelt tau coj tuaj rau Tehran. Tab sis kev sib cav tiag tiag nrog cov yeeb ncuab pib tsuas yog xyoo 1944, thaum lub nkoj tau koom nrog kev ua kom cov neeg Nyij Pooj nyob hauv Marshall Islands.

Muaj ib qho xwm txheej paub thaum lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua ib leeg tau tsoo Japanese Katori zoo ib yam hauv chav kawm, thiab tseem koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Philippine Islands. Kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm lub nkoj tau lees paub los ntawm cua daj cua dub lub Kaum Ob Hlis xyoo 1944, thaum lub nkoj sib tw tsis tsuas yog dhau qhov kev xeem no nrog kev hwm, tab sis kuj tsis tau txais kev puas tsuaj loj. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Iowa hom xyoo 1945 raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw Nyij Pooj. Tsis ntev tom qab lub atomic bombing, lub teb chaws "Iowa" thiab "Missouri" tau txais lub Japanese delegation.

Post-war state of affairs

Txawm hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nyiam cov nkoj no rau lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, kev tsav tsheb siab thiab muaj sia nyob, lawv cov kev saib xyuas tau kim dhau rau US cov peev nyiaj tub rog. Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1945, cov nkoj tau mothballed, txij li qhov xav tau rau lawv tau ploj lawm.

Tab sis Iowa kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas nws tus yam ntxwv tau zoo heev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis nyob twj ywm rau ntev: twb yog thaum pib ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim, lawv tau rov qab coj mus rau "pem hauv ntej echelon",ces muaj Nyab Laj. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov xwm txheej Nyab Laj tau qhia tias ib tus neeg tsav nkoj zoo li no muaj peev xwm hloov tau tsawg kawg 50 lub dav hlau foob pob hluav taws vim muaj hluav taws kub ntau dhau ntawm thaj chaw. Txij li thaum ib feem loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim ntawm ntug hiav txwv choj, cov neeg Asmeskas tau cawm ntau lub dav hlau.

Tom qab Nyab Laj, cov nkoj sib ntaus sib tua tau muab tso rau hauv cov kaus poom, tab sis rov xa mus rau cov kab hauv ntej hauv 70s, thaum Tsov Rog Txias. Reagan xav qhia rau USSR tias Amelikas yog lub tebchaws muaj zog thiab muaj zog, thiab ob peb lub nkoj zoo tau zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hom phiaj no.

Iowa-chav kawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab
Iowa-chav kawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab kev tsim kho tshiab

Tab sis txhua tus nkag siab tias nws yog qhov ruam xwb: cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm ntug hiav txwv uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem tig ib lub nkoj mus rau hauv cov hlau tsis ntev ua ntej nws siv tau nws cov riam phom.

Nkoj hloov kho

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, los ntawm 1980 qhov tseeb ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov nkoj tau pom tseeb. Ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, cov tswv yim zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov huab cua rau hloov cov nkoj … mus rau hauv lub dav hlau thauj. Lub absurdity ntawm lub tswv yim tau hais txog los ntawm cov duab ntawm lub nkoj, uas tib yam "club". Nws yuav siv nyiaj ntau heev los tsim kho kom rov tsim kho dua tshiab uas yuav ua rau lub dav hlau thauj khoom tshiab yuav pheej yig dua me ntsis.

Iowa-chav sib ntaus sib tua tau hloov pauv li cas? Cov qauv kev hloov kho tshiab tau pom zoo los ntawm Senate suav nrog kev teeb tsa Tomahawk missiles, uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov nkoj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov foob pob ua ntxaij launchers tau mountedcomplexes "Harpoon", overhaul engines thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawm lub nkoj twb nqa tawm.

Pom zoo: