Ib nrab tso tawm yog ib qho hluav taws xob tawm uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev uas lub zog hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv voids hauv cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv insulating, hauv cov pa npuas hauv cov kua rwb thaiv tsev.
Ua rau ib nrab tso tawm
Raws li cov ntsiab lus tau txais los ntawm cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, ib feem ntawm qhov paug tawm yog cov hluav taws xob tso tawm uas nyob hauv zos shunts lub rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv ib seem ntawm cov qauv.
txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim yog ionization ntawm cov pa roj lossis kua dielectric thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qhov xov xwm thiab hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob yog nyob ntawm hom dielectric thiab cov qauv tsim ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom. Ib nrab tso tawm hauv rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov qauv ntawm dielectric thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ua rau nws. Xws li inhomogeneities yuav ua tau ntau yam impurities thiab impurities, gas kab noj hniav, humidification zones. Xws li cov tsis xws luag yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev qauv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauvRaws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm nws qhov chaw tsim khoom thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv (nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab cuam tshuam, deformation, vibration).
Dab tsi yog cov ntoo thiab lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv insulating
Nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv insulating, los ntawm kab noj hniav tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, ib tug ntoo zoo li qauv yog tsim - treeing. Ib nrab tso tawm tsim nyob rau hauv ceg ntawm tsob ntoo. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob thiab kev tso tawm, tsob ntoo nce hauv qhov loj thiab qhov ntau, yog li ua kom cov qib degradation ntawm cov khoom siv polymer. Dendrites tau nce conductivity thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm dielectric.
Txij li thaum cov paug tawm ib nrab hauv qhov nruab nrab gaseous xav tau qhov hluav taws xob qis dua rau cov txiaj ntsig hauv cov kua lossis cov khoom txawv teb chaws suav nrog, qhov muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem yog qhov feem ntau ua rau qhov pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov no. khoom. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ib tug kab noj hniav uas muaj roj, lub zog teb hluav taws xob yog siab tshaj nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom los yog kua cheeb tsam thiab cov hluav taws xob lub zog ntawm lub gaseous nruab nrab muaj ib tug nqi qis dua lwm yam rwb thaiv tsev feem.
Nyob tsob ntoo
Cov kab hluav taws xob hauv paus chiv keeb yog tsim thaum raug hloov pauv thiab impulse voltage, nrog rau cov nqi siab heev. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, cov txiaj ntsig no tsis ua rau kev puas tsuaj tam sim ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj ionization hauvkev tsis sib haum xeeb. Yog tias tsis muaj cov kab noj hniav loj txaus hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv, dendrites tuaj yeem tsim tau ntev heev.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov npuas ntau dhau ua rau qee qhov tso tawm thaum lub cable ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Cov ntoo dej yog tsim thaum cov dej noo nkag mus rau hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib kis lossis los ntawm microcracks hauv cov khoom.
Thaum ya raws condenses nyob rau hauv inclusions, dendrites yog tsim nyob rau hauv no, tom qab uas lawv intensive tsim thiab loj hlob pib vim qhov tsos ntawm voids ntxiv. Qhov no ua rau txo qis hauv hluav taws xob lub zog ntawm dielectric thiab tawg ntawm cable.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm rwb thaiv tsev degradation muaj xws li ob qho tib si hluav taws xob laus vim yog ib feem ntawm cov paug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv suav nrog ntawm overvoltage thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntsuas kev khiav hauj lwm hom, thiab thermal aging ntawm cov khoom.
Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tso tawm ib nrab, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj rwb thaiv tsev pib, qhov loj ntawm cheeb tsam cuam tshuam nce.
Cov xwm txheej rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tso tawm ib nrab yog nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm electromagnetic teb ntawm cov qauv insulating thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom.
Kev tso tawm ib nrab feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm dielectric, thiab nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev txaus ntawm lub kaw lus, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm cov insulating. txheej. Lawv qhov tshwm sim ib txwm qhia tau hais tias hauv zos heterogeneity.dielectric. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tso tawm ib nrab ua rau nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv insulating zoo heev.
Lawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj tshaj plaws thaum cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab qhov hluav taws xob impulse.
Lub cev phenomena nrog ib feem tso tawm hauv rwb thaiv tsev
Insulation overheating accelerates tus txheej txheem ntawm nws kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshiab tsis xws luag tshwm sim, ua rau muaj kev nce ntawm tus naj npawb thiab ntim ntawm dendrites. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv hauv thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw.
Ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws xob tso tawm muaj qhov cuam tshuam thermal ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, thiab tseem ua rau nws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov paug tawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev tso tawm ua rau pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov channel uas lawv tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm tawg, tag nrho cov no yog nrog los ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob poob siab, lub teeb flashes thiab tawg ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm qib molecular.
Kev tso tawm ib nrab yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tso tawm ib nrab yog thawj theem ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm feem ntau qhov tsis xws luag hauv high-voltage rwb thaiv tsev.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov xwm txheej tau tsim rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tawg.
Thaum muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dhau, teeb tsa rau qhov tshwj xeebcov khoom siv insulating, ib nrab tawm tuaj yeem pib hauv nws, uas tsis ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov tam sim ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, yog li, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev. Lawv tau lub npe - pib.
Ntxiv qhov nce ntxiv hauv qhov hluav taws xob, nce qhov loj me thiab cov kev suav nrog, cov ntoo hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov cuab yeej, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev siv ntawm ib nrab tawm. Lawv qhov tshwm sim sharply txo lub txee lub neej ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau nws tawg. Cov kev tso tawm no yog hu ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tso tawm hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv
Ib qho ntawm cov qauv tsim tseem ceeb ntawm transformers thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob yog cov rwb thaiv tsev winding. Nws tsis tu ncua raug rau tej yam kev puas tsuaj xws li: thermal cuam tshuam vim qhov ntev ntawm cov dej ntws; kev vibration loads vim kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub magnetic Circuit Court (rau transformers) thiab tsav mechanism (rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob); qhov tshwm sim ntawm inrush currents thiab short-circuit currents.
Txhua yam ntawm cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab qee qhov tso tawm. Rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov no yog qhov feem ntau ua rau tsis ua haujlwm, thiab rau cov transformers, tsis ua hauj lwm vim kev puas tsuaj rau lub winding rwb thaiv tsev yog nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw tom qab kev puas tsuaj rau bushings.
Vim li cas koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov tso tawm
Kev ntsuas cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim thaum muaj qhov tso tawm ib nrab yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab txo qis. Kev siv zog hauv cov ntaub ntawv insulating.
Kev sib txuas nrog kev siv XLPE rwb thaiv tsev hauv kev tsim cov hluav taws xob cables, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraud, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li ib feem ntawm cov paug tawm uas cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm.
Insulation breakdown tiv thaiv thiab xeem txoj kev
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov kev kuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev puas tsuaj thiab tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav vim muaj kev tso tawm ib nrab ntawm cov khoom siv.
Txhawm rau tswj cov qib ntawm qhov tsis xws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, muaj:
- Kev ntsuas nrog qhov muaj zog ntxiv, sib npaug ntawm qhov loj rau nws qhov ua tau nce thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog dielectric ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev thaum lub sij hawm luv luv voltage nce.
- Txoj kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los txiav txim lub neej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.
Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, yam tsis muaj cov khoom siv decommissioning, thiab, yog li ntawd, tshem tawm kev poob nyiaj txiag.
Tam sim no rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov tso tawm ib nrab ua rau nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag thaum ntxov ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab, yog li, tiv thaiv kev kho tus nqi kim lossis hloov cov cuab yeej ua tsis tiav.
Qee txoj hauv kev tso cai rau koj los txheeb xyuas thaj chaw tsis raug, thiab tsuas yog thaj chaw puas yuav raug khorwb thaiv tsev.
Thaum kuaj cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siab, qhov hluav taws xob zoo tsis zoo vim qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov hluav taws xob ntau zaus siab dua qhov ua haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem kuaj mob txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qib ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom siv yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws cov rwb thaiv tsev. Kev kuaj mob ntawm ib feem ntawm kev tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias feem ntau muaj lwm yam khoom siv nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom raug kuaj xyuas, uas yog qhov cuam tshuam. Cov teeb liab no yuav tsis txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov teeb liab ntawm cov khoom xav tau, vim tias lawv kuj yog ib feem ntawm qhov tso tawm.
Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau cais cov teeb meem cuam tshuam thiab ntsuas qhov tso tawm ib nrab, koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam cov cim nrog qhov hluav taws xob tua ntawm cov khoom hauv kev sim, thiab tom qab ntawd ntsuas nws hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov lej ntawm cov cim tso tawm ib nrab thiab keeb kwm yav dhau yuav raug kaw.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov kev ntsuas no yuav qhia tus nqi ntawm PD teeb liab.
Cov yam ntxwv tau txais tso cai rau peb los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab tso tawm nws tus kheej.
Txoj kev tso tawm ib nrab tsis ua mob rau lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab tau siv dav vim tias cov txheej txheem sim tsis siv hluav taws xob siab kom tsis zoo rau cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Txoj kev tso hluav taws xob
Txoj kev xav tau ntsuas ntsuas kev sib cuag nrog rwb thaiv tsev.
Nws tso cai rau koj los txhais ntau tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tso tawm ib nrab.
Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tusTxoj kev ntsuas qhov tso tawm ib nrab.
Acoustic register method
Txoj kev no yog ua raws li kev siv lub microphones uas khaws cov suab nrov ntawm cov khoom siv nyob.
Sensors tau teeb tsa hauv cov keyboards nyuaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab ua haujlwm nyob deb.
Qhov tsis zoo: qhov tso tawm ib nrab ntawm qhov loj me tsis raug kaw.
Electromagnetic los yog tej thaj chaw deb txoj kev
Kev kuaj xyuas qhov tso tawm ib nrab siv cov txheej txheem microwave yog txheej txheem yooj yim thiab siv tau. Rau qhov no, siv lub kav hlau txais xov taw qhia.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov loj ntawm qhov tso tawm.
Kev tso tawm tshwj xeeb hauv transformers
Lub zog hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog ib feem ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab tau teeb tsa nyob ze lawv, nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm ib nrab tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov teeb liab los ntawm lawv raug xa mus rau qhov hloov pauv tswj hauv ntau txoj hauv kev.
Yog tias lub tshuab hloov pauv txuas nrog cov kab hluav taws xob overhead uas raug xob laim, cov teeb liab los ntawm lawv yuav raug kaw thaum ntsuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev.
Thaum lub tshuab hloov pauv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib qhib, corona tso tawm ib ntus tshwm sim ntawm nws cov khoom siv sab nraud, nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, av noo thiab lwm yam.
Hloov pauv hauv kev thauj khoom thiab muaj cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv hloov pauv uas tswj hwm lawv cov kev txwv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv uasregulating kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv load, ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib feem ntawm kev tso tawm, uas yuav txo los yog nce.
Txhua yam ntawm cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias ntau qhov kev ntsuas ntawm transformers tuaj yeem pom cov duab tsis zoo ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov kev nyeem tau los ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv hauv kev sim yuav raug suav nrog cov suab nrov ntawm cov khoom siv nyob ze.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem ntsuas kev ntsuas kom raug txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov tso tawm hauv transformers.
