Entomology yog ib ceg ntawm zoology. Nws yog raws li kev kawm ntawm ntau hom kab. Entomology muaj qee qhov kev txiav txim siab. Cov lus nyob rau hauv no ua ke yog ancient Greek. Namely ἔντοΜον - "kab", thiab λόγος - "kev qhia". Muaj cov kab ntau. Namely, txog 3 lab hom. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kawm lawv txhua tus, yuav tsum muaj kev pab los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij.
History of tshwm sim
Entomology yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kab. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Nws pib txhim kho sai, ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev ua liaj ua teb (beekeeping).
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb txog biologist tau txaus siab rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Nws tau paub los ntawm C. Darwin, Nobel laureate Karl von Frisch, kws sau ntawv V. Nabokov, xibfwb Edward Wilson.
Dab tsi entomology kawm
Txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog lub cev ntawm ntau hom kab, ua cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov kabmob sab nraud. Ib me ntsis tom qab, biologists pib txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no. Lawv pib kawm txog kab, saib xyuas tsis yog rau lub cev thiab lub cev, tab sis kuj rau ib tus neeg.lub cev. Nov yog qhov tseeb.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg
Entomology yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kab kab, muaj ob peb ntu:
- Theoretical yam ntawm biological txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv nroj tsuag.
- Kev cuam tshuam ntawm biogenic thiab abiogenic yam ntawm cov txheej txheem yoog ntawm kab.
- Ethology.
- Lub neej voj voog thiab ontogenesis ntawm kab.
- Entomofauna.
- Evolution of kab.
- Population entomology.
- Morphology thiab embryology ntawm kab.
- Theoretical foundations of practical entomology.
- Geographic distribution.
- Systematics.
- Paleontology.
piav qhia qhov chaw
Txhua xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb tsiaj tshawb fawb txog kab los txiav txim siab seb lawv yog dab tsi thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej yog dab tsi. Thaum lub sij hawm ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb, ntau yam kab pib muab faib ua hom teeb meem thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Hauv lwm lo lus, entomology yog kev kawm txog kab, nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los kawm txog tus cwj pwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab teeb meem, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab zoo ntawm kev daws lawv.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kuv xav kos xim rau qhov tseeb. Ntawd yog, ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb entomology, cov kws tshawb fawb xav paub ntau ntxiv txog qee hom kab, uas tuaj yeem yog cov neeg nqa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yogphem heev rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb yog kev kawm txog kab uas ua rau tsis zoo rau tib neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis cov nroj tsuag ua liaj ua teb. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev yug me nyuam, kab mob cab, thiab lwm yam tau raug soj ntsuam
Thaum lub sijhawm tshawb fawb, cov tswv yim ntsuas tau coj los tawm tsam cov kab no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev paub txog hom thiab kev ua neej ntawm txhua yam kab tsuag tau siv. Los ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev tshawb fawb lom neeg thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm lawv lub neej, cov kws tshawb fawb tau muaj peev xwm txhim kho txoj hauv kev los rhuav tshem lawv. Yog li ntawd, entomology yog ib tug science uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb cim. Los ntawm kev sim thiab ua yuam kev, ob txoj hauv kev los daws cov kab teeb meem tau tsim. Namely, ib qho tshuaj tsuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog tshuaj lom. Cov txheej txheem no txhawb kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, entomology yog science ntawm beetles thiab ntau yam kab. Kev paub txog lawv yuav raug siv rau ntau yam kev kawm yav tom ntej.
Kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau hom
Ib tus tuaj yeem kawm txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm entomology, nws qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev txhim kho los ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Tom qab nyeem cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav pom tseeb tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm qee hom kab yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nws yeej ib txwm tau nthuav los soj ntsuam lub neej ntawm kab los ntawm sab ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Thiab cov kev paub tau txais tau siv rau hauv kev xyaum. Ntawm qhov txaus siab yog cov ntaub ntawvkev soj ntsuam los ntawm ob lub tswv yim thiab theoretical cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom. Nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau hom kab, xws li phenomena xws li parasitism thiab symbiosis muaj ntau. Hauv thawj kis, qhov no yog thaum ib kab nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob - kev sib nrig sib pab rau ib leeg.
Feem ntau cov kab mob tuaj yeem pom hauv ob hom Diptera thiab membranous. Qhov tseeb tseem ceeb tau pom ntau dua ib zaug. Nws nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias qee hom kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qee hom kab, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem hloov mus ua polyphagous. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov kab mob nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lwm tus, thiab tom qab ntawd thib peb thiab plaub. Hais txog symbiosis, qhov tshwm sim no tau pom ntawm termites, ntsaum. Ntau lwm hom kab tuaj yeem nyob hauv zej zog nrog lawv. Lawv lub neej muaj kev sib tshuam. Qhov no yog li cas lub tswvyim ntawm termitophilia thiab myrmecophilia tshwm sim.
Cov qeb tseem ceeb ntawm entomology
Muaj ntau qhov kev cai hauv qhov no. Entomology - kev tshawb fawb ntawm kab - kuj muab faib ua ob peb pawg. Txhua yam ntawm lawv cuam tshuam rau qee thaj chaw. Hauv qhov no nws yog:
Ntse entomology ntawm kab. Nws suav nrog cov kev qhuab qhia hauv qab no:
- Apiology (kev kawm ntawm muv).
- Blattopterology lossis dictyopterology (kab laug, ntsaum).
- Dipterology (kev kawm txog yoov tshaj cum thiab yoov).
- Hymenopterology (kev kawm ntawm muv, wasps, ichneumons, dusters, termites).
- Coleopterology (txoj kev kawm ntawm beetles).
- Lepidopterology (kev tshawb fawbLepidoptera).
- Myrmecology (txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm termites.
- Odonatology (dragonflies).
- Orthopterology (txoj kev kawm ntawm tsev neeg ntawm locusts, crickets).
- Trichopterology (kev kawm ntawm caddisflies).
- General entomology. Nws kawm txog cov qauv, evolution, ntau hom kab, lub neej, kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob.
- Applied entomology. Qhov no yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm fauna, uas suav nrog ntau thaj chaw. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb. Namely:
- Hav zoov entomology.
- Veterinary.
- Kev kho mob.
- Agricultural entomology. Nws kawm txog tej yam kab. Namely, cov uas ua phem rau qoob loo, nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Nws kuj kawm txog cov kab pollinating.
- Forensic entomology. Hauv qhov no, ua raws li qee qhov kev taw qhia. Ntawd yog, qhov no entomology yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kab, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj forensic, uas kawm txog cov tsiaj uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm tib neeg lub cev tom qab nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nrog kev pab los ntawm txawv theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm blowfly larvae, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej ntawm lub cev tuag. Qhov no entomology yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas muaj cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, yog tias tsis muaj larvae lossis qe ntawm lub cev tuag, ces kev tuag tshwm sim tsis pub dhau plaub teev dhau los. Thiab yog hais tias lawv yog, ces kev tua tuaj tom qab 6-12 teev, tab sis yog tias ib hnub dhau mus, ces cov larvae loj tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub cev. Tom qab 36 teev lawv loj tuaj. TABSISyog tias ob lub lis piam dhau los, ces lawv cov pupation pib. Cov Suav thaum pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm forensic entomology, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, pib siv ya larvae los daws cov neeg tua neeg.
tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas kawm txog science
Cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev kawm txog kab hauv Russia tau daws hauv cov tsev kawm hauv qab no:
- Ntawm Moscow State University ntawm Zoological Tsev khaws puav pheej (Moscow).
- Nyob rau hauv chav kuaj rau kev kawm ntawm entomology ntawm Far Eastern ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences (Biology thiab av lub koom haum). Nws nyob hauv Vladivostok.
- Ntawm RAS (Institute of Evolutionary Morphology). Nws nyob hauv Moscow.
- Lub koom haum. Schmalhausen. Nws nyob hauv Kyiv.
- National Academy of Sciences ntawm Ukraine. Qhov chaw - Kyiv.
- Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam txog hav zoov thiab kev ua liaj ua teb entomology tau kawm ntawm All-Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv suburbs ntawm St. Thiab tseem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov siab dua cov tsev kawm ntawv uas tseem nyob tom qab lub Soviet Union, koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm flora. suav nrog ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb ceg.
- Cov teeb meem nrog kev kho mob entomology raug daws ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kho Mob. Nov yog lub koom haum rau malaria thiab kab mob parasitic.
- Tsis tas li, cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua hauv lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Namely, ntawm German Entomological Educational Institution thiab lub B altic lub koom haum ntawm Coleopterology.
Ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab uas kawm txog kev tshawb fawb no, kwv yees li 25,545 kab lus ntawm entomology tau raug xaiv ntau tshaj tsib xyoos.
Tsuas 5 tau cim los ntawm lawv qibcov chaw tsim khoom. Namely: University of Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, TX A&M.
Entomology departments
Tseem muaj ob peb tug. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tseem ceeb tau tsim:
- Ntawm Agrarian University hauv Kuban. Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1968.
- Ntawm University. Lomonosov Moscow nyob rau hauv 1925. Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Biology thiab Department of Entomology tau tsim ntawm no.
- Ntawm University. Timiryazev (MSHA). Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1920.
- Ntawm Saint Petersburg State University.
- Lub tuam tsev ntawm entomology kuj tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv sib raug zoo hauv Saratov. Namely, ntawm State Agrarian University. Vavilov.
- Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv kuj tau tsim los ntawm Stavropol Higher Educational Institution. Qhov no yog nyob ntawm State Agrarian University. Vavilov.
Entomology koom haum
In 1859 K. M. Baer thiab Academician Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky tsim lub Lavxias teb sab Society rau txoj kev kawm ntawm Entomology. Thaum lub sij hawm Soviet Union, nws muaj ib lub npe tshwj xeeb - "Tag nrho-Union Entomological Society".
Cov koom haum zoo sib xws tau tsim nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Namely in:
- France.
- UK.
- Lub teb chaws Yelemees (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).
- Holland.
- Belgium.
- Russia.
- America (founded 1867).
- Philadelphia (founded 1859).
- Canada.
- Italy.
- Cambridge.
- Germany.
Thiab lwm yam entomologicalcov zej zog nyob hauv:
- Ukraine.
- Britain.
- Nyiv.
- Brazil.
- Argentina.
- Venezuela.
- Spain
- Colombia.
- Mexico.
- Chile.
Tseem muaj cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb: International Society of Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.
Tseem tsim lub International Union ntawm Social Insect Researchers.
Editorial
Lub ntsiab lus Lavxias teb sab ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog:
- "Entomological Review". Ntawm no, cov subtleties ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no tau piav qhia meej.
- Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm All-Union Entomological Society.
Kuj tau tshwm sim:
- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).
- Russian Entomological Journal. Nws pib tsim tawm xyoo 1992.
- Eurasian Entomological Journal (2002), thiab lwm yam.
Ntau cov lus piav qhia txog kab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub ntim "Fauna ntawm Russia thiab cov tebchaws nyob ib sab (USSR)". Cov ntaub ntawv no tau luam tawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Zoo kawg
Tom qab nyeem cov ntawv no, txhua tus yuav tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov kev kawm entomology, dab tsi nws npog. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo nyeemsaum toj no. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog qhov no ntawm qhov chaw xws li "molbiol". Lub entomology tau piav qhia ntau ntxiv nyob rau ntawd. Feem ntau, koj tuaj yeem tham ntau txog qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Nws yog fraught nrog ntau nthuav thiab pab tau rau noob neej. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom muaj kev txaus siab rau qhov kev taw qhia no. Thiab yog tias koj delve rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm entomology, ces nws yuav tig tawm mus ua ib qho kev lom zem thiab qhia kev kawm.
