Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich - cosmonaut, Hero ntawm Soviet Union

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Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich - cosmonaut, Hero ntawm Soviet Union
Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich - cosmonaut, Hero ntawm Soviet Union
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Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich, uas nws biography tau piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog ib tug pilot-cosmonaut, lieutenant colonel. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Soyuz-11 thiab Salyut orbital chaw nres tsheb.

Ntxhais hmoob

Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich (nws tsev neeg nyob hauv Odessa) yug rau lub Rau Hli 1, 1928. Nws muaj ib tug tij laug Alexander. Txiv, Timofei Trofimovich, tau ncaim tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1930. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li lub taub hau ntawm counterintelligence. Nws tawm hauv qhov kev pabcuam xyoo 1957. George niam, Maria Alekseevna, tsa nws cov menyuam ib leeg. Tsis muaj nyiaj txaus, thiab nws tau ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub ntawm lub khw hauv zos ua tus poj niam tu. Tom qab ntawd nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus muag khoom hauv tsev kawm ntawv phom loj. Kwv tij Alexander yug xyoo 1946. Nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug kws kho tsheb hauv trawl fleet.

Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich
Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich

Georgy Timofeevich thaum yau tau siv khawb trenches thiab saib xyuas cov tub rog raug mob. Nws sim nkag mus rau hauv ib co partisan detachment, tab sis lawv tsis coj nws, txij li thaum nws tseem me me. Tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog lawv cov phooj ywg, tib cov hluas, lawv txiav txim siab los npaj lawv tus kheej. Pom ib co riam phom. Cov txiv neej tau faus cov phom tshuab rau hauv av, thiab khaws cov phom thiab grenades.

Tab sis lawv raug tua. Dobrovolskys poob nthav tshwm simTub ceev xwm tshawb nrhiav tau riam phom. George raug ntes thiab raug txim rau 25 xyoo ua haujlwm hnyav. Feem ntau vim hais tias txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim txom nws tsis tau ntxeev siab rau ib tug phooj ywg. Thiab lawv ua tsaug rau nws los ntawm kev npaj kev khiav tawm rau nws. Thiab tsawg tshaj li ib hlis tom qab, Odessa tau dim ntawm Germans los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.

Kev Kawm

Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich kawm tiav qib 6 ntawm Odessa tsev kawm theem nrab. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1941, kev ua tsov ua rog pib, thiab kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau cuam tshuam ib ntus. Nyob rau hauv 1944, Georgy Timofeevich thawj zaug ua tiav cov kev xeem rau qib 7 thiab 8th thiab tsiv mus rau lub 9th, ces nws raug xa mus rau lub Air Force tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv. Nws kawm tiav xyoo 1946. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws nkag mus hauv Chuguev Tub Rog Tub Rog Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Tom qab kawm tiav, xyoo 1950 nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau thib ob.

union 11
union 11

Pib kev pabcuam hauv USSR Air Force. Dobrovolsky muab nws nrog kev kawm ntxiv. Nws kawm hauv University of Marxism-Leninism. Nws kawm tiav high school hauv 1952. Tom qab ntawd Grigory Timofeevich nkag mus rau hauv Air Force Academy (tam sim no VVA hu ua Gagarin) rau cov chav kawm ntawv. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws tau txais ib qho lus txib thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Kev pab tub rog

Txij li xyoo 1950, Dobrovolsky thawj zaug ua tus tsav dav hlau yooj yim. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug neeg laus. Nws tau cuv npe hauv 965th huab cua tub rog ntawm 123rd huab cua tiv thaiv fighter division. Xyoo 1952, nws tau koom nrog 71st Fighter Air Corps. Txij li thaum xyoo 1955, Georgy Timofeevich tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tub rog tub ceev xwm rau kev nom kev tswv, thiab nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tib lub xyoo - tus thawj coj dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv 1960, nws tau txais txoj hauj lwm ntawm navigator thiab deputy. tub rog commander. Ib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau raug tsa ua thawj cojkev nom kev tswv. Xyoo 1962, Georgy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj aviation zoo tshaj plaws.

Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Kev cob qhia Astronaut

Xyoo 1962, tom qab kawm tiav ntawm Air Force Academy, Dobrovolsky tau mus kuaj mob hauv Central Research Aviation Hospital. Lub chaw kho mob dav hlau tso cai rau Georgy Timofeevich mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws tau koom nrog cov astronauts.

Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1963, nws tau xub tso npe ua tub ntxhais kawm hauv Central Collective Use Center. Tom qab ntawd rau ob xyoos ntxiv nws tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb hauv chaw. Nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Ib Hlis 1965, Georgy Timofeevich tau ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov tub rog huab cua cosmonaut thiab kaum hnub tom qab tau los ua tus cosmonaut nyob rau hauv lub thib ob detachment.

Txij thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1966 Georgy Timofeevich Dobrovolsky tau kawm hauv ib pab pawg. Kev cob qhia tau ua raws li qhov kev pab cuam ntawm ya ncig lub hli los ntawm Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft. Los ntawm 1967 txog 1968 Kev npaj rau lub davhlau mus rau hauv qhov chaw txuas ntxiv raws li Almaz qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Xyoo 1971, nws tau kawm ib hlis raws li qhov kev pab cuam davhlau ntawm Salyut. Georgy Timofeevich tseem tab tom npaj rau tus thawj coj, hloov nws yog tias tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Dobrovolsky yuav tau coj lub backup pab neeg ntawm Soyuz-11 cosmonauts. Pawg no suav nrog V. Volkov thiab V. Patsaev.

Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich tus kheej lub neej
Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich tus kheej lub neej

Cov neeg coob ntawm Soyuz-11

Cov neeg coob ntawm Soyuz-11 tau hloov zuj zus. Thaum xyoo 1960s, tsuas yog ob tug neeg ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw ib zaug. Tab sis cov neeg Amelikas yog thawj zaug tso peb zaug ib zaug. Lub Soviet Union tau txiav txim siab kom khaws thiab pib xaiv cov neeg coob ntawm 3 tus neeg. Pab pawg tseem ceeb suav nrog A. Leonov, V. Kubasov thiab P. Kolodin. Nyob rau hauv lub duplicate - Dobrovolsky, Patsaev thiab Volkov.

thawj lub davhlau ntawm Dobrovolsky

Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich, uas nws tus poj niam yug nws ob tug ntxhais, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm rau nws lub tebchaws. Lub rau hli ntuj 4, 1971, muaj ib lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub Xeev Commission. Cov neeg coob coob ntawm Soyuz-11 tau hloov los ntawm kev thaub qab. Yog vim li cas yog lub blackout nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ntawm V. Kubasov. Georgy Dobrovolsky txib cov neeg coob. Lub rau hli ntuj 6, 1971 Soyuz-11 nrog peb cosmonauts launched ntawm 7:55 Moscow lub sij hawm.

Ua haujlwm pab dawb Georgy Timofeevich tsev neeg
Ua haujlwm pab dawb Georgy Timofeevich tsev neeg

Hnub tom qab, lub nkoj tau ua tiav nrog lub chaw nres tsheb orbital. Yog li thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no scientific manned chaw nres tsheb tau tshwm sim. Cov neeg ua haujlwm Dobrovolsky tau ua ntau qhov kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres tsheb thiab ua ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim. Lawv qhib qhov kev cia siab zoo rau thaj chaw, huab cua thiab geology, nrog rau kev kawm txog dej hiav txwv, cov peev txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab nws cov nroj tsuag.

Lub davhlau tau siv sijhawm 23 hnub. 18 hnu 21 feeb. thiab 43 sec. Tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej uas tsis tau pom dua tau tshwm sim uas tau tua tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm. Thaum rov qab los ntawm lub nkoj los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb orbital mus rau lub ntiaj teb, kev sib txuas lus nrog cov astronauts thawj zaug tawg. Thaum lub Soyuz-11 tsaws, lub cev tsis muaj sia yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub dav hlau.

Cov kws kho mob tam sim txiav txim qhov ua rau tuag - mob plawv. Thiab tag nrho peb ib zaug. Peb pom cov laj thawj tom qab. Thiab tam sim ntawd resuscitation pab pawgsim coj cov astronauts rov qab muaj txoj sia. Ntxiv mus, qhov kub ntawm lub cev yog qhov qub. Tiamsis lub siab yeej tsis ua haujlwm.

Qhov ua rau tuag tau pom tom qab ua tsaug rau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm "black box". Nws muab tawm tias ntawm qhov siab ntawm 150 km muaj kev nyuaj siab. Lub siab pib poob qis, thiab tom qab 40 vib nas this nws yuav luag xoom. Thaum 43 vib nas this tom qab kev nyuaj siab, tag nrho peb lub cosmonaus tau lawv lub siab nres ib txhij.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, yog vim li cas yog qhov qhib lub qhov cua tsis raws sijhawm. Ib qho yuam kev tau pom nyob rau hauv kev tsim lub dav hlau. Cov installers ntsia hlau pob li qub ntawm nws es tsis txhob siv lub zog ntawm 90 kg - tag nrho los ntawm 60 mus rau 65 kg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, muaj qhov rov ua haujlwm loj, uas yuam kom cov li qub ua haujlwm. Tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub load thiab crumbled. Ib lub qhov nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 20 mm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub nkoj. Cov astronauts thawj zaug poob tsis nco qab ntawm 23rd thib ob. Thiab ces lawv lub siab twb nres.

Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich tus poj niam
Volunteer Georgy Timofeevich tus poj niam

YDobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich. Neej neeg: poj niam thiab me nyuam

Georgy Timofeevich tau sib yuav rau Lyudmila Timofeevna. Nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb. George thiab Lyudmila muaj ob tug ntxhais. Thawj, Marina, tseem ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow State University. Nws yog ib tug kws qhia lus Askiv. Tus ntxhais thib ob yog Natalia.

qeb thiab khoom plig

Dobrovolsky Georgy Timofeevich tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero thiab Pilot-Cosmonaut ntawm USSR hauv 1971, tab sis tom qab. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Gold Star thiab Tub Rog Merit medals, nrog rau Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin. Thaum nws ua haujlwm, Georgy Timofeevich tau txais xya lub cim nco txog ntau yam khoom plig. Txij xyoo 1972 mus txog niaj hnub noHauv kev sib tw trampoline, qhov tshwj xeeb Dobrovolsky khob yog ua si. Nws cov tshauv khaws cia rau hauv phab ntsa Kremlin.

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