Lo lus "gladiator" los ntawm Latin "gladius", i.e. " ntaj". Nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, gladiators tau raug hu ua cov neeg raug txim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab cov qhev uas tau txais kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib leeg nyob rau hauv lub arenas ntawm amphitheaters. Cov gladiators ntawm Rome wrestled nyob rau hauv pej xeem mus txog rau thaum ib tug ntawm lawv poob tuag. Kev sib ntaus tau pib nyob rau hnub ntawm cov hnub caiv loj tshaj plaws, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau qhov nrov tshaj plaws, tsom rau kev lom zem rau pej xeem. Kev lig kev cai ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau khaws tseg rau ntau tshaj 700 xyoo.
History of Appearance
Txoj kev cai ntawm kev tuav cov kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj rau Ancient Rome los ntawm Etruscans, uas cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no yog kev cai dab qhuas nkaus xwb, thiab cov neeg tuag raug suav tias yog kev txi rau tus vajtswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog Mars.
Cov neeg raug txim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab cov neeg raug txim tuag - yog leej twg cov gladiators nyob rau thaum pib ntawm kev yug ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Raws li Roman txoj cai, lawv muaj cai koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab hauvnyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yeej, cov nyiaj yeej yuav txhiv lawv lub neej. Kuj tseem muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov pej xeem, tau tso lawv txoj kev ywj pheej, txiav txim siab koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev nrhiav lub tebchaws muaj koob meej thiab nyiaj txiag.
first fights
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm gladiators hauv Rome thaum ub tau suav tias yog kev sib tw ntawm peb khub ntawm cov neeg koom, uas tau teem tseg hauv 264 BC. e. thaum sawv ntxov rau Brutus Perry. Qhov kev lom zem no tau nrov rau 50 xyoo tom qab, thaum 22 khub ntawm bestiaries zoo siab rau cov neeg nyob hauv 3 hnub ntawm kev ua si pam tuag tau tsim los ntawm kev qhuas ntawm triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Nyob rau hauv 105 BC. e. txhua tus me nyuam twb paub tias leej twg yog gladiators, ua tsaug rau qhov kev sim siab ntawm cov tribunes, tsom mus rau kev lom zem ntawm Roman mob, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm no twb tau xyaum ua raws li ib tug kev sib raug zoo txheej. Gladiator fights tau raug lees paub tias yog kev lom zem rau pej xeem.
Tsis ntev kev sib tw uas tau kav ntev li ob peb hnub, uas muaj ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam tau koom nrog, tsis yog qhov tshiab. Muaj cov neeg uas qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau dhau los ua khoom siv tes ua, lawv hu ua Lanists. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm yog tias lawv tau mus xyuas cov lag luam qhev, qhov chaw uas lawv pom cov qhev lub cev muaj zog, nyiam cov neeg raug kaw ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog lossis txawm tias ua txhaum cai. Tau txais ib tug qhev zoo li no, lawv tau qhia nws tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tsim nyog thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub arena, thiab ces xauj nws tawm mus rau lub organizers ntawm cov yeeb yam.
Npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua
Thaum lawv kawm, cov gladiators tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, noj zoo, thiab cov kws kho mob feem ntau tau koom nrog hauv lawv txoj kev kho.
Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus kws kho mob Roman nto moo Galen tau ua haujlwm ntev ntev hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Imperial, qhov chaw lawv kawm. Cov neeg tua rog tau pw ua khub hauv chav me me ntsuas 4-6 square meters. m.
Lawv tau ua haujlwm hnyav txhua hnub txij thaum sawv ntxov txog yav tsaus ntuj. Twb tau tsim gladiators ntawm Rome tau koom nrog hauv kev cob qhia ntawm cov pib tshiab, uas tau qhia lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm fencing. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev cob qhia, tus pib yuav tsum kawm yuav ua li cas kom muaj zog raug tshuab rau lub hauv siab thiab lub taub hau ntawm tus nrog sib ntaus, tsis tas yuav tsis quav ntsej nws tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg ntawm cov theem tom ntej, riam phom hlau ntawm gladiator tau siv, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb yog ob zaug ntawm riam phom tub rog.
Thaum tus pib nkag siab tag nrho cov hauv paus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab npaj txhij rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag, nws, nyob ntawm nws qhov kev txawj ntse thiab lub cev muaj zog, tau raug xa mus rau pawg tsim nyog.
Nyiaj
Gladiators tau dhau los ua tsis yog vim muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm tus tswv qhev xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev yeem siab, xav kom tau koob meej thiab khoom muaj nqis. Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo li no, tus txiv neej yooj yim tab sis muaj zog, ua tus sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm qis, muaj lub caij nyoog tiag tiag kom tau nplua nuj.
Txawm hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag ntawm cov xuab zeb ntawm qhov chaw ua si, cov ntshav, muaj ntau dua, ntau tus tau txais kev pheej hmoo, tej zaum me ntsis paub txog leej twg cov gladiators thiab lawv txoj hmoo yog dab tsi. Qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, ntxiv rau kev hlub ntawm cov neeg Loos, thiab feem ntau cov poj niam muaj koob muaj npe, tau txais khoom plig loj los ntawmkiv cua thiab organizers ntawm fights. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg saib Roman feem ntau cuam tshuam nyiaj, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab lwm yam khoom me me uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau hauv qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws yog cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws, uas kuj yog ib feem ntawm nws cov nyiaj tau los.
Qhib ceremony sib ntaus
Lub koob tsheej qhib kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg tuaj sib sau. Lub koom haum ntawm cov kev ua si nyob rau hauv ib tug chariot los yog ko taw, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau tus phooj ywg, ncig los yog mus ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov arena kom txaus siab rau lub suab quaj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, uas twb twb xav txog cov tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov ntshav. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tag nrho cov neeg koom ntawm qhov kev sib tw yuav los tom ntej tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw. Lawv tau hnav lub kaus mom gladiator thiab lwm yam khaub ncaws. Cov neeg tuaj saib, txais tos lawv cov kev nyiam, lus tau mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam.
Tom qab ntawd cov gladiators nres nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub imperial lub thawv, muab lawv sab tes xis rau pem hauv ntej, qw: Caesar! Cov uas tab tom yuav tuag thov qhuas koj!” Tom qab ntawd, lawv mus rau hauv chav hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw uas lawv siv sijhawm tos lawv tawm.
Gladiator theatre
Txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua sib txawv, muaj ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm ntau kaum tus neeg koom ib zaug. Tab sis qee zaum tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua si hauv thaj chaw, uas tau nrov los ntawm Julius Caesar. Nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm feeb, grandiose scenery tau tsim depicting lub phab ntsa ntawm Carthage, thiab gladiators, armed thiab hnav ris tsho li legionnaires thiab Carthaginians, xyaum ua phem rau lub nroog. Los yog tag nrho "tsiaj hav zoov" ntawm cov ntoo poob tau tshwm sim rau ntawm theem, thiab cov neeg zoo nkauj tau piav qhia txog kev tawm tsam los ntawm legionnaires.
Leej twg yog tus gladiators hauv nokev ua? Warriors los yog actor? Lawv muab cov haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib si. Lub fantasy ntawm directors-producers paub tsis muaj bounds. Txawm hais tias nws twb nyuaj ua rau cov neeg Loos xav tsis thoob nrog ib yam dab tsi, huab tais Claudius ua tiav. Nws tau ua ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog ntawm qhov ntsuas uas tsis muaj tus qhua tuaj yeem xav txog thiab ua rau txhua tus neeg nyob hauv Lub Nroog Nyob Mus Ib Txhis.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th, kev sib ntaus sib tua gladiator pib maj mam poob hauv av. Cov no yog lub sij hawm thaum lub teb chaws Ottoman Roman tab tom languishing nyob rau hauv lub hnyav quab yuam ntawm cov pab pawg neeg barbarian tawm tsam. Lub xeev no tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev lag luam, thiab lub koom haum ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau kim heev.
Txawm hais tias qee lub sijhawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem txuas ntxiv, tab sis ntawm qhov me me, thiab tsis ntev lawv raug txwv. Tsis muaj leej twg tau qw los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom "Cij ci thiab circuses!" thiab tsis tau txais tus huab tais, thiab tom qab 72 xyoo lub Roman faj tim teb chaws raug puas tsuaj.
