Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm paub tias muaj cov ntiaj chaw, hnub qub, galaxies, uas ua ke nrog cov cai ntawm lub cev thiab qhov tsis tu ncua tsim lub Ntiaj Teb. Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug nthuav yog dab tsi yog qhov chaw intergalactic, nws sawv cev li cas. Nws tau thov kom xav txog nws hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.
cov tswv yim dav dav txog lub ntiaj teb pom tau
Ua ntej yuav txiav txim siab txog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw intergalactic, yuav tsum tau paub nrog peb lub Ntiaj Teb.
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, Lub Ntiaj Teb yog ib qho kev sau ntawm cov cai ntawm lub cev, lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke, ntau lub cev tsis tu ncua thiab teeb meem.
Tam sim no tau tsim tsa tias cov kev cai ntawm lub cev uas tib neeg paub muaj tseeb nyob hauv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub qab ntuj khwb, thiab tseem tsis tau pom qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw uas cov kev cai no yuav raug ua txhaum.
Raws li qhov teeb meem, nws tau teeb tsa hauv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb hauv Ntiaj Teb: cov ntiaj chaw tig muslawv cov hnub qub, cov hnub qub tau muab tso rau hauv pawg uas muaj npe tom qab galaxies. Nyob rau hauv lem, galaxies sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub zos pawg ntawm galaxies thiab mus rau hauv superclusters, thiab twb superclusters tau tawg thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, lawv xyaum ywj siab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias lub zog tseem ceeb ua rau lub cosmic nplai yog lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Ua tsaug rau cov zog no, peb lub ntiaj teb tig ncig lub hnub, uas, tig mus, tig mus ncig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm peb cov kauv galaxy, txoj kev Milky.
Galaxy hauv lub ntiaj teb
Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, txhua qhov teeb meem pom hauv lub Ntiaj Teb yog tsom rau hauv galaxies. Lo lus no tau nkag siab tias cov hnub qub loj heev uas txuas nrog lub zog gravitational thiab uas muaj qee yam zoo li spatial. Piv txwv li, muaj elliptical, kauv, lenticular galaxies, nrog rau cov duab tsis xwm yeem. Galaxies tuaj yeem yog me me (10 7 hnub qub) thiab loj (1014 hnub qub). Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias peb lub galaxy muaj txog 10 11 hnub qub.
Galaxys sib sau ua ke hauv pawg uas lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg ua tsaug rau tib lub zog gravitational. Lawv cov superclusters sib txawv txav deb ntawm ib leeg, tab sis hauv cov pawg lawv tuaj yeem txav mus rau ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, lub Andromeda Nebula galaxy tab tom tsiv ntawm peb li ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 300 km / s, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej lawv ob leeg yuav sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib pawg loj.
Intergalactic chaw
Cov lus nohais txog qhov chaw sib cais galaxies. Tib lub sijhawm, cov galaxies lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem nyob sib ze, xws li peb Txoj Kev Milky thiab Andromeda Nebula, lossis nyob deb ntawm ntau lab thiab ntau pua lab ntawm parsecs.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus tau txais, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm galaxies yog qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob nrug ntawm lawv yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv lab thiab billions parsec. Nco qab tias qhov parsec yog ib chav ntsuas ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev mus los ntawm lub teeb hauv qhov chaw khoob hauv 3.2 lub ntiaj teb xyoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm galaxies?
Yog koj teb lo lus nug no tias tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm galaxies, ces cov lus teb zoo li no yuav ze rau qhov tseeb li sai tau. Raws li kev kwv yees niaj hnub no, qhov nruab nrab qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb yog ib qho hydrogen atom ib 1 m 3ntawm qhov chaw sab nrauv. Txawm li cas los xij, daim duab no tsis txhais tau dab tsi yog tias peb suav nrog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov teeb meem hauv lub Ntiaj Teb.
Hais lus nruj me ntsis, qhov chaw intergalactic tsis yog khoob khoob. Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg (protons, electrons). Ntxiv mus, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm galaxies yog permeated nrog electromagnetic hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hnub qub. Ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb no, peb tuaj yeem pom cov galaxies nyob deb tshaj ntawm peb. Qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw hauv nqe lus nug yog kwv yees li ntawm 2.73 K.
raws licov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, txhua tus tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj cov hnub qub hauv qhov chaw intergalactic. Tau kawg, lawv tsis nyob ntawd.
Qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb tab tom nthuav dav
Raws li nws tau sau tseg saum toj no, galaxies nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg tau tsiv mus. Tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem suav nrog siv txoj cai hubble. Kev sim ua pov thawj ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb tau pom nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ua tsaug rau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm redshift ntawm electromagnetic spectrum ntawm galaxies nyob deb.
Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog tias raws li Hubble txoj cai, qhov deb ntawm lub galaxies los ntawm ib leeg, qhov sib nrug sai dua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj qee qhov txav deb ntawm ib leeg sai dua qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb! Tsis muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm Einstein txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv qhov tseeb no, vim nws tsis yog lub galaxies lawv tus kheej uas txav nrawm dua li qhov nrawm ntawm lub teeb, tab sis qhov chaw nws tus kheej nthuav dav ntawm qhov nrawm heev.
Lub Neej Tom Ntej ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb
Raws li lub ntiaj teb tab tom nthuav dav thiab qhov chaw intergalactic tau nce zuj zus, tom qab ntawd, raws li cov lus pom zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub tim, peb lub ntiaj teb yuav kawg khov thiab poob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj mus ib txhis, vim tias txhua yam hauv nws yuav tawg tag, yuav sawv cev rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm atoms thiab subatomic hais.
