Nws tsis yog qhov zais cia tias tus neeg xav tau cov protein kom tswj tau lub neej nyob rau theem siab - ib yam khoom siv rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv; cov proteins muaj 20 amino acids, cov npe uas tsis zoo li yuav hais dab tsi rau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Txhua leej txhua tus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov poj niam, tsawg kawg ib zaug hnov txog collagen thiab keratin - cov no yog cov proteins uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntsia hlau, tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau.
Amino acids - lawv yog dab tsi?
Amino acids (los yog aminocarboxylic acids; AMA; peptides) yog cov organic tebchaw, 16% muaj cov amines - organic derivatives ntawm ammonium - uas txawv lawv ntawm carbohydrates thiab lipids. Lawv koom nrog hauv cov protein biosynthesis los ntawm lub cev: nyob rau hauv lub digestive system, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov enzymes, tag nrho cov proteins uas tuaj nrog zaub mov raug rhuav tshem rau AMK. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog 200 peptides nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis tsuas yog 20 lub ntsiab amino acids koom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tib neeg lub cev, uas muab faib ua interchangeable thiab irreplaceable; Qee zaum muaj peb hom - semi-replaceable (hloov hloov tau).
Qhov tseem ceeb amino acids
Hloov pauv cov amino acids yog cov uas tau noj nrog zaub mov thiab rov tsim tawm ncaj qha hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj.
- Alanine yog ib qho monomer ntawm ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov proteins. Ua ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm glucogenesis, uas yog, nws hloov mus rau hauv qabzib hauv siab, thiab rov ua dua. Cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub cev.
- Arginine yog AMA uas tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg laus, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm los ua ke hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam. Txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones loj hlob thiab lwm yam. Tsuas yog cov cab kuj ntawm nitrogenous tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub cev. Pab kom cov leeg nqaij thiab txo cov rog.
- Asparagine yog peptide koom nrog hauv cov metabolism hauv nitrogen. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov enzyme asparaginase, nws tshem tawm ammonia thiab hloov mus rau hauv aspartic acid.
- Aspartic acid - koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov immunoglobulin, deactivates ammonia. Tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov hlab plawv.
- Histidine - siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kab mob plab; yog ua qhov zoo sib txawv hauv kev tawm tsam AIDS. Tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ntxhov siab.
- Glycine yog ib qho neurotransmitter amino acid. Siv raws li ib tug me me sedative thiab antidepressant. Txhim kho cov teebmeem ntawm qee qhov nootropics.
- Glutamine - ib feem loj ntawm hemoglobin. Cov ntaub so ntswg kho activator.
- Glutamic acid - muaj cov nyhuv neurotransmitter, thiabkuj txhawb cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb.
- Proline yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov proteins. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv elastin thiab collagen, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau daim tawv nqaij elasticity.
- Serine - AMK, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov neurons ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab tseem pab txhawb kev tso tawm ntau lub zog. Nws yog derivative ntawm glycine.
- Tyrosine yog ib feem ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Yuav rov tsim dua los ntawm phenylalanine los ntawm kev ua ntawm enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; tsis muaj txheej txheem rov qab.
- Cysteine yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm keratin, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ruaj khov thiab elasticity ntawm cov plaub hau, rau tes, thiab tawv nqaij. Nws kuj yog ib qho antioxidant. Yuav ua tau los ntawm serine.
Amino acids uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim hauv lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb
Cov amino acids tseem ceeb yog cov uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab tuaj yeem los ntawm zaub mov xwb.
- Valine - AMA pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov proteins. Ua kom cov leeg nqaij sib koom ua ke thiab txo lub cev rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias. Ua kom cov tshuaj serotonin siab.
- Isoleucine yog ib qho ntuj tsim anabolic uas, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm oxidation, energizes nqaij thiab hlwb.
- Leucine yog ib qho amino acid uas txhim kho cov metabolism. Nws yog ib hom "builder" ntawm cov qauv protein.
- Peb BUAs no yog ib feem ntawm qhov hu ua BCAA complex, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev thov ntawm cov neeg ncaws pob. Cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg no ua raws li lub hauv paus rau nce qhov ntim ntawm cov leeg nqaij, txo cov roghuab hwm coj thiab tswj kev noj qab haus huv thaum lub sij hawm siv lub cev hnyav heev.
- Lysine yog peptide uas ua kom cov ntaub so ntswg rov tsim dua tshiab, tsim cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub luag haujlwm rau lub zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha, muaj nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij protein thiab collagen.
- Methionine - koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm choline, qhov tsis muaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj roj ntau ntxiv hauv daim siab.
- Threonine - muab elasticity thiab lub zog rau cov leeg. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov leeg nqaij thiab cov hniav enamel.
- Tryptophan - txhawb lub siab lub ntsws, vim nws hloov mus ua serotonin hauv lub cev. Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyuaj siab thiab lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws.
- Phenylalanine - txhim kho cov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij, normalizing pigmentation. Txhawb kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm kev txhim kho kev xav thiab ua kom pom tseeb rau kev xav.
Lwm txoj kev faib peptide
Kev tshawb fawb, 20 qhov tseem ceeb amino acids tau muab faib ua raws li qhov polarity ntawm lawv cov saw, uas yog, cov radicals. Yog li, plaub pawg yog qhov txawv: tsis-polar, polar (tab sis tsis muaj nqi), them zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Tsis yog-polar yog: valine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, proline. Nyob rau hauv lem, aspartic thiab glutamic acids yog cais raws li polar, muaj ib tug tsis zoo nqi. Polar, muaj tus nqi zoo, hu ua arginine, histidine, lysine. Amino acids nrog polarity tab sis tsis muaj nqi suav nrog ncaj qha cysteine, glutamine, serine, tyrosine, threonine,asparagine.
20 amino acids: cov qauv (table)
| Amino acid | Abbreviation | Formula |
| Alanine | Ala, A | C3H7NO2 |
| Arginine | Arg, R | C6H14N4O2 |
| Asparagine | Asn, N | C4H8N2O3 |
| Aspartic acid | Asp, D | C4H7NO4 |
| Valine | Val,V | C5H11NO2 |
| Histidine |
His, H |
C6H9N3O2 |
| YGlycine | Gly, G | C2H5N1O2 |
| YGlutamine | Gln, Q | С5Н10N2O3 |
| YGlutamic acid | Glu, E | C5H9NO4 |
| Isoleucine | C6H13O2N | |
| Leucine | YLeu, L | C6H13NO2 |
| Lysine | Lys, K | C6H14N2O2 |
| Methionine | Met, M | C5H11NO2S |
| Proline | Pro, P | C5H7NO3 |
| Serine | Ser, S | C3H7NO3 |
| YTyrosine | Tyr, Y | C9H11NO3 |
| Threonine | Thr, T | C4H9NO3 |
| Tryptophan | Trp, W | C11H12N2O2 |
| Phenylalanine | Ph, F | C9H11NO2 |
|
Y Cysteine |
Cys, C | C3H7NO2S |
Raws li qhov no, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias tag nrho 20 amino acids (cov qauv hauv cov lus saum toj no) muaj cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen thiab oxygen hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Amino acids: kev koom tes hauv lub neej ntawm tes
Aminocarboxylic acids koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov protein lom lom. Protein biosynthesis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua qauv ntawm polypeptide ("poly" - ntau) saw los ntawm cov amino acid residues. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm lub ribosome - ib qho organelle nyob rau hauv lub cell uas yog lub luag hauj lwm ncaj qha rau biosynthesis.
Cov ntaub ntawv tau nyeem los ntawm ib ntu ntawm DNA saw raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas (A-T, C-G), thaum tsim m-RNA (matrix RNA, lossis i-RNA - cov ntaub ntawv RNA - cov ntsiab lus sib npaug), nitrogenous base thymine yog hloov los ntawm uracil. Ntxiv mus, raws li tib txoj cai, t-RNA (hloov RNA) yog tsim, nqa cov amino acid molecules mus rau qhov chaw.synthesis. T-RNA yog encoded los ntawm triplets (codons) (piv txwv: WAU), thiab yog tias koj paub qhov twg nitrogenous bases tus triplet sawv cev, koj tuaj yeem paub seb cov amino acid nws nqa li cas.
pawg zaub mov nrog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj AUA
Cov mis nyuj thiab qe muaj cov khoom noj tseem ceeb xws li valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, tryptophan, methionine thiab phenylalanine. Ntses, nqaij dawb muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Legumes, nplej thiab cereals yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, methionine. Txiv ntseej thiab ntau yam noob yuav saturate lub cev nrog threonine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine thiab histidine.
Nyob hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus amino acid ntawm qee yam khoom noj.
Qhov ntau tshaj ntawm tryptophan thiab methionine tuaj yeem pom hauv cov cheese nyuaj, lysine - hauv cov nqaij luav, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine thiab phenylalanine - hauv cov kua mis. Thaum sau cov khoom noj raws li kev tswj hwm BUN ib txwm, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau squid thiab peas, thiab qos yaj ywm thiab nyuj cov mis nyuj tuaj yeem hu ua cov neeg pluag tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab lus peptide.
Tsis muaj cov amino acids nrog cov neeg tsis noj nqaij
Nws yog lus dab neeg hais tias muaj cov amino acids pom tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom tsiaj. Ntxiv mus, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov nroj tsuag protein yog absorbed los ntawm tib neeg lub cev zoo dua tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xaiv cov neeg tsis noj nqaij raws li txoj kev ua neej, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua rawskev noj haus. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog tias ib puas grams ntawm cov nqaij thiab tib cov taum muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm AUA hauv feem pua. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom taug qab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acids hauv cov zaub mov noj, ces qhov no yuav tsum mus txog qhov tsis siv neeg.
Ntau npaum li cas amino acids noj ib hnub
Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, txhua yam khoom noj muaj cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog rau tib neeg, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj: tag nrho 20 protein amino acids tau txais kev nyab xeeb nrog zaub mov, thiab cov nyiaj no txaus rau tus neeg ua lub neej ib txwm muaj thiab yam tsawg kawg me ntsis tom qab zaub mov.
Cov neeg ncaws pob noj zaub mov yuav tsum tau saturated nrog cov protein, vim tias tsis muaj lawv nws tsuas yog ua tsis tau kom tsim tau cov leeg nqaij. Kev tawm dag zog lub cev ua rau muaj kev noj ntau ntawm cov amino acids, yog li cov kws tshaj lij bodybuilders raug yuam kom noj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Nrog rau cov leeg mob hnyav, cov protein ntau tuaj yeem ncav cuag li ib puas grams ntawm cov protein ib hnub, tab sis cov zaub mov zoo li no tsis haum rau kev noj txhua hnub. Txhua yam khoom noj ntxiv hais txog kev qhia nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm AUAs hauv ib koob, uas yuav tsum tau nyeem ua ntej siv tshuaj.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peptides ntawm lub neej zoo ntawm tib neeg
Qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov protein yog tam sim no tsis yog ntawm cov neeg ncaws pob xwb. Piv txwv li, cov proteins elastin, keratin, collagen cuam tshuam rau cov tsos ntawm cov plaub hau, tawv nqaij, rau tes, nrog rau qhov yooj thiab txav ntawm cov pob qij txha. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov amino acids cuam tshuam metaboliccov txheej txheem hauv lub cev, ua kom qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, muab lub zog txaus rau lub neej txhua hnub. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej, txawm nrog lub feem ntau passive txoj kev ntawm lub neej, lub zog yog expended, tsawg kawg yog ua pa. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem ua tsis tau nrog qhov tsis muaj qee yam peptides; kev saib xyuas ntawm lub xeev kev xav-kev xav yog ua tiav, ntawm lwm yam, ntawm tus nqi ntawm AMC.
Amino acids thiab kev ua si
Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov kws ncaws pob kws tshaj lij suav nrog kev noj zaub mov zoo kawg nkaus uas pab ua kom cov leeg zoo. Amino acid complexes tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ncaws pob uas ua haujlwm kom tau cov leeg nqaij ua rau lub neej yooj yim heev.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, amino acids yog lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein uas xav tau rau cov leeg nqaij. Lawv kuj muaj peev xwm ua kom cov metabolism thiab hlawv rog, uas tseem ceeb heev rau cov leeg zoo nkauj. Thaum qoj ib ce, koj yuav tsum tau nce koj qhov kev noj AUAs vim lawv nce cov leeg nqaij thiab txo qhov mob tom qab ua haujlwm.
20 amino acids hauv cov proteins tuaj yeem noj tau ob qho tib si ntawm cov aminocarboxylic complexes thiab los ntawm cov khoom noj. Yog tias koj xaiv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, ces koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account kiag li txhua grams, uas yog qhov nyuaj rau kev siv nrog ib hnub tsis khoom.
yuav ua li cas rau tib neeg lub cev thaum muaj qhov tsis txaus lossis ntau dhau ntawm cov amino acids
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm amino acid deficiency yog: tsis xis nyob, tsis muajqab los noj mov, nkig rau tes, qaug zog. Txawm tias tsis muaj ib qho BUN, muaj ntau qhov kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tsim khoom.
Saturation nrog cov amino acids tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab plawv thiab lub paj hlwb, uas, dhau los, tsis txaus ntshai. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li cov zaub mov lom yuav tshwm sim, uas kuj tsis muaj dab tsi qab ntxiag.
Txhua yam yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov nruab nrab, yog li kev tswj hwm txoj kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau ntau dhau ntawm qee yam "muaj txiaj ntsig" hauv lub cev. Raws li cov classic sau, "qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog yeeb ncuab ntawm qhov zoo."
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab cov npe ntawm tag nrho 20 amino acids, cov lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm AUA tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom tau muab saum toj no.
