Sodium borohydride yog ib yam khoom muaj zog heev. Txoj kev kawm ntawm nws cov khoom ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic chemistry nrog cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau kev daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. Qhov sib xyaw no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov alkaline ntiaj teb hlau borohydrides.
Kev piav qhia dav dav
Sodium borohydride yog cov khoom tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw crystalline. Tsis zoo li lwm cov alkali hlau borohydrides, nws yog qhov ruaj khov hauv huab cua thiab dej. Qhov no yog vim nws siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj.
Cov mis mos rau cov sodium borohydride yog: NaBH 4.
Lub cev muaj zog
Cov khoom sib xyaw no muaj cov khoom hauv qab no:
- melting point - 500 ° C;
- hom siv lead ua lattice - cubic syngony;
- molecular hnyav - 37,843 a.u. e. m.;
- density - 1.08 kg/m3;
- hygroscopicity - siab;
- siab hluav taws xob conductivity hauv kev daws nrog ammonia thiab diglyme.
tshuaj muaj zog
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm sodium borohydride yog raws li hauv qab no:
- zoo solubility hauv dej, cawv, kua ammonia, ammonia derivatives thiab oxoacids; phem - hauv diethyl ether, hydrocarbon compounds;
- nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj dej, kev sib pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lithium, magnesium, barium, aluminium halides raug pom;
- los ntawm dej cov tshuaj crystallizes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dihydrate NaBH4-2H2O;
- thaum ua pa nrog nitrogen, ammonia txo;
- ziab cov dihydrate tsuas yog ua tau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev;
- hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dimethylformamide, acetamide, tsim cov solvates tshwm sim.
Cov tshuaj no muaj zog heev thiab txo qis. Cov txheej txheem thib ob mus nrog qhov sib txawv:
- tsis muaj kuab lom;
- hauv aqueous daws;
- nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig organic;
- hauv cov kev daws teeb meem nrog ntau yam ntawm cov kua qaub-puag index.
Tau txais
Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Hom kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb tau piav qhia hauv qab no:
diborane nrog hydride lossis sodium methylate:
2NaH+B2H6 → 2NaBH4 , 3CH3ONa + 2B2H6 → 3NaBH 4 + B(OCH3)3;
dimethoxyborane nrogsodium trimethoxyborohydride:
2NaBH(OCH3)3 + 3(CH3O) 2BH3=NaBH4 + 3B(OCH3) 3;
sodium hydride nrog ethyl boron ether:
4NaH + B(OCH2CH3)3 → NaBH 4 + 3NaOCH2CH3;
sodium hydride nrog boron trichloride lossis boric anhydride:
BX3 + 4NaH → NaBH4 + 3NaX, X=Cl, 1/2O.
Cov khoom siv tau raug ntxuav los ntawm kev rho tawm lossis recrystallization los ntawm ntau cov kuab tshuaj.
Daim ntawv thov
Sodium borohydride yog siv rau lub hom phiaj hauv qab no:
- zoo inorganic thiab organic synthesis;
- tau txais hlau sols;
- kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom;
- kev txiav txim siab ntawm kinetics ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
- tau txais borohydrides ntawm lwm cov hlau thiab lawv cov derivatives;
- rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig (platinum, palladium, nyiaj, kub) los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem pov tseg, uas yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev soj ntsuam lossis kev tsim khoom lag luam;
- tau txais cov pa roj ntshiab hydrogen;
- ua npuas ncauj khoom siv raws li polyester, polyvinyl cawv thiab ua npuas ncauj;
- synthesis ntawm boron tebchaw (diborane, boron triiodide, hydrazine monoborane, ethylamineborane, sodium borosulfide thiab lwm yam);
- tau txais cov ntxeem tau cua sov-insulating txheej.
Raws li catalysts rau tso tawm hydrogen los ntawm borohydride hauv dej, oxalic acid ntsiav tshuaj yog siv,Citric acid, succinic acid, hydrosulfates, hydrophosphates, carbon coated nrog ntsev ntawm cob alt, platinum los yog palladium.
Hlau Txheej
Sodium borohydride kuj tseem siv rau kev ua haujlwm siab hlau-boron txheej:
- siab hardness;
- hnav resistant;
- corrosion resistance;
- siab melting point.
Txoj kev borohydride ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov kub qis (kwv yees li 40 ° C) raws li tooj liab, nyiaj, kub, hlau, npib tsib xee, cob alt, palladium, platinum thiab lwm yam hlau. Ntau yam khoom siv (sulfites, sulfites, thiosulfates) tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais ob- thiab peb-cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom tshiab.
