Kev lig kev cai, cadmium sulfide tau siv los ua xim. Nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo li Van Gogh, Claude Monet, Matisse. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev txaus siab rau nws yog txuam nrog kev siv cadmium sulfide ua ib zaj duab xis txheej rau lub hnub ci hlwb thiab hauv cov khoom siv photosensitive. Qhov kev sib xyaw no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib cuag zoo ohmic nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tam sim no. Vim li no, cov khoom siv tau cog lus rau kev siv optoelectronics, laser technology, thiab LEDs.
Kev piav qhia dav dav
Cadmium sulfide yog ib qho inorganic compound uas tshwm sim ib txwm muaj raws li cov minerals tsawg zinc blende thiab howliite. Lawv tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau kev lag luam. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cadmium sulfide yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Nyob rau hauv tsos, cov tshuaj no yog hmoov daj. Cov ntxoov ntxoo tuaj yeem txawv ntawm txiv qaub mus rau txiv kab ntxwv-liab. Vim nws cov xim ci thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv sab nraud, cadmium sulfide tau siv los ua cov khoom zooxim. Cov tshuaj tau dav siv txij li xyoo pua 18th.
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm cov compound yog CdS. Nws muaj 2 cov qauv siv lead ua: hexagonal (wurtzite) thiab cubic (zinc blende). Nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm kev kub siab, ib daim ntawv thib peb kuj yog tsim, zoo li pob zeb ntsev.
Cadmium sulfide zog
Cov khoom siv nrog cov qauv hexagonal lattice muaj cov nram qab no lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom:
- melting point - 1475 °С;
- density - 4824 kg/m3;
- linear expansion coefficient – (4, 1-6, 5) mkK-1;
- Mohs hardness - 3, 8;
- sublimation kub - 980 °C.
Cov khoom sib xyaw no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Thaum irradiated nrog lub teeb, nws conductivity nce, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom raws li ib tug photoresistor. Thaum alloyed nrog tooj liab thiab txhuas, cov nyhuv ntawm luminescence yog pom. CdS crystals tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub xeev cov lasers.
Lub solubility ntawm cadmium sulfide nyob rau hauv dej tsis tuaj, nyob rau hauv dilute acids nws tsis muaj zog, nyob rau hauv concentrated hydrochloric thiab sulfuric acid nws yog zoo. Nws kuj yaj Cd zoo.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv qab no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom:
- precipitates thaum raug cov tshuaj hydrogen sulfide lossis alkali hlau;
- reacting nrog hydrochloric acid tsim CdCl2 thiab hydrogen sulfide;
- thaum cua sov hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cov pa ntau dhau, nws oxidizes rau sulfatelos yog oxide (qhov no nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov cub).
Tau txais
Cadmium sulfide yog tsim los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:
- thaum cuam tshuam nrog vapors ntawm cadmium thiab sulfur;
- nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm organosulfur thiab cadmium-muaj cov tebchaw;
- nag los ntawm kev daws los ntawm H2S los yog Na2S.
Zaj duab xis raws li cov tshuaj no yog tsim los siv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb:
- los ntawm cov tshuaj los nag los siv thiocarbamide ua qhov chaw ntawm sulfide anions;
- pulverization ua raws li pyrolysis;
- txheej txheem ntawm molecular beam epitaxy, nyob rau hauv uas muaju yog zus nyob rau hauv lub nqus tsev vacuum;
- raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem sol-gel;
- by sputtering method;
- anodizing thiab electrophoresis;
- by screen printing method.
Yuav ua kom cov xim, cov kua nplaum uas muaj cadmium sulfide yog ntxuav, calcined kom tau ib lub hexagonal siv lead ua lattice, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv av rau hmoov.
Daim ntawv thov
Dyes raws li cov khoom sib xyaw no muaj cov thermal thiab lub teeb ua haujlwm siab. Additives ntawm selenide, cadmium telluride thiab mercury sulfide ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov cov xim ntawm cov hmoov mus rau ntsuab-daj thiab liab-violet. Pigments yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv polymer.
Muaj lwm yam siv rau cadmium sulfide:
- ntes (cov kaw lus) ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, suav nrog gammahluav taws xob;
- thin-film transistors;
- piezoelectric transducers muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv GHz band;
- tsim cov nanowires thiab cov raj uas siv los ua cov ntawv luminescent hauv tshuaj thiab biology.
Cadmium sulfide solar cells
Thin-film hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog ib qho kev tsim tshiab tshiab hauv lwm lub zog. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev lag luam no tau dhau los ua nrawm dua, vim tias cov peev txheej ntawm cov zaub mov siv los tsim hluav taws xob tau ploj mus sai. Qhov zoo ntawm cadmium sulfide solar cells yog raws li hauv qab no:
- nqi khoom qis dua hauv lawv cov khoom;
- nce qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov lub hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (los ntawm 8% rau cov roj teeb ib txwm muaj rau 15% rau CdS / CdTe);
- muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha thiab siv cov roj teeb hauv thaj chaw pos huab, hauv qhov chaw muaj huab cua phem.
Zaj duab xis siv los ua lub hnub ci tsuas yog 15-30 microns tuab. Lawv muaj cov qauv granular, qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yog 1-5 microns. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov roj teeb nyias nyias tuaj yeem dhau los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov roj teeb polycrystalline yav tom ntej vim lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
