Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus. Kev piav qhia ntawm cov xwm txheej

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus. Kev piav qhia ntawm cov xwm txheej
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus. Kev piav qhia ntawm cov xwm txheej
Anonim

Ib nplooj ntawv ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog yog Crusades. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau cuam tshuam nrog kev sim nthuav tawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv mus rau Middle East, thiab kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Muslims, tab sis qhov kev txhais lus no tsis yog kiag li.

Raws li cov kev ua tsov ua rog pib ua kom muaj zog, papacy, uas yog lawv cov thawj coj tseem ceeb, pom tau tias cov phiaj xwm no tuaj yeem pab Rome kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj kev nom kev tswv tsis yog hauv kev tawm tsam Islam xwb. Qhov no yog li cas ntau-vector xwm ntawm Crusades pib coj zoo. Kev nthuav dav lawv thaj chaw, cov neeg tawg rog tig lawv ntsia mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj.

Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lub chaw muaj zog ncaj ncees ntawm kev ntseeg Catholic tau tsim nyob ze ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj Europe hauv tus neeg Livonian Order, uas yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob German sab ntsuj plig Catholic Order - Teutonic Order thiab cov Order of the Sword.

Hais lus dav dav, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev nce qib ntawm German knights mus rau sab hnub tuaj nyob ntawd tau ntev. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th, lawv pib txeeb lub Slavic thaj av tshaj lub Oder. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov kev txaus siab yog lub B altic,nyob hauv Estonians thiab Karelians, uas lub sijhawm ntawd yog pagans.

thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Slavs thiab Germans tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1210, thaum cov tub rog tau tawm tsam thaj chaw ntawm Estonia niaj hnub no, nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam nrog Novgorod thiab Pskov thawj tswj hwm rau kev cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam no. Kev ua pauj kev ntsuas ntawm cov thawj coj tsis tau coj cov Slavs mus rau kev vam meej. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv lawv qhov chaw pw hav zoov ua rau muaj kev sib cais thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho.

Cov tub rog German, cov caj qaum uas yog Teutons, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau tswj hwm kom tau txais kev tuav pov hwm hauv thaj chaw uas nyob thiab tau teem caij sib sau ua ke lawv txoj kev siv zog. Xyoo 1236, Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Ntaj thiab Teutonic Order tau koom ua ke rau hauv Livonian Order, thiab xyoo tom ntej Pope tau tso cai tshiab tawm tsam Finland. Nyob rau hauv 1238, tus huab tais Danish thiab lub taub hau ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tau pom zoo rau kev sib koom tes tawm tsam Russia. Lub sijhawm tau xaiv qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, vim hais tias los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd cov tebchaws Lavxias tau qhuav qhuav los ntawm Mongol ntxeem tau.

Tib yam yog siv los ntawm Swedes, uas nyob rau hauv 1240 txiav txim siab ntes Novgorod. Tom qab tsaws ntawm ntug dej ntawm Neva, lawv tau ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm tus neeg ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander Yaroslavich, uas tswj kom kov yeej cov kev cuam tshuam thiab nws yog tom qab qhov kev yeej no uas nws tau los ua lub npe hu ua Alexander Nevsky. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tom ntej hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm tus tub huabtais no.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi

Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej ntawd, nruab nrab ntawm Russia thiab German xaj, muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav rau ob xyoos ntxiv, uas ua rau muaj kev vam meej rau yav tom ntej, tshwj xeeb, Pskov raug ntes, Novgorod kuj raug hem. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi tau tshwm sim, lossis, zoo liNws yog kev cai hu ua Ice Battle.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua ntej los ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Pskov los ntawm Nevsky. Tau kawm tias cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tau tawm tsam cov tub rog Lavxias, tus huab tais tau thaiv txoj hauv kev ntawm Livonian Order ntawm lub pas dej.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi tau tshwm sim rau lub Plaub Hlis 5, 1242. Cov tub rog knightly tau tswj hwm los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tiv thaiv Lavxias thiab ntaus ntug dej. Lavxias teb sab flank ntaus tuav cov yeeb ncuab thiab txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov no yog li cas kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus xaus. Nevsky, ntawm qhov tod tes, mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws lub koob meej. Nws nyob hauv keeb kwm mus ib txhis.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus tau tshwm sim
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus tau tshwm sim

Kev Sib Tw ntawm Lake Peipus tau ntev tau suav tias yuav luag ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv tag nrho cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Russia tawm tsam Crusaders, tab sis niaj hnub tiam no tau ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej, uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Soviet keeb kwm.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus Nevsky
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipus Nevsky

Qee tus sau sau tseg tias tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua no, kev ua tsov ua rog tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, tab sis kev hem thawj los ntawm cov tub rog tseem pom tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Alexander Nevsky nws tus kheej, uas nws ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Neva thiab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov dej khov tsa nws mus rau unprecedented heights, yog tsis sib haum xeeb los ntawm historians xws li Fenell, Danilevsky thiab Smirnov. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lake Peipsi thiab Kev Sib Tw ntawm Neva, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb no, tau ua kom zoo nkauj, txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev hem thawj los ntawm cov neeg tawg rog.

Pom zoo: