A subordinate clause in English

Cov txheej txheem:

A subordinate clause in English
A subordinate clause in English
Anonim

Lub ncauj lus no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov qauv lus Askiv. Kawm ib hom lus nyob rau theem pib, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev paub no rau qee lub sijhawm. Tab sis qhov siab dua koj qib yog, qhov ntau koj yuav muaj lub siab xav ua kom sib txawv thiab ua rau koj cov lus nyuaj, ua rau nws ze rau cov neeg hais lus. Nyob rau ntawm no, nws yuav tsum tau kawm cov subordinate clauses ntawm tus mob: lawv lub ntsiab lus, ntau yam, txoj kev tsim thiab piv txwv ntawm kev siv. Kab lus no yuav pab tau.

Lawv siv qhov twg?

Hauv lus Askiv, zoo li hauv Lavxias, txhua kab lus tau muab faib ua yooj yim thiab nyuaj. Thiab tom kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua tau complex thiab complex. Thawj hom tsis tsim teeb meem loj hauv kev kawm cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm hom lus txawv teb chaws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, muaj qee qhov nuances.

Cia peb xav txog ib kab lus nyuaj hauv lus Askiv:

Yog (thaum twg) huab cua zoo, Kuv yuav mus taug kev - Yog (thaum) huab cua zoo, Kuv yuav mus taug kev.

Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem pom ob yam yooj yim:

  • Kuv yuav mus taug kev - qhov tseem ceeblub ntsiab lus;
  • if (thaum) huab cua zoo - nqe lus los yog lub sij hawm clause.

lawv txhais li cas?

Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb qhia qhov kev xav: "Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim?", thiab cov lus hauv qab - "Raws li qhov xwm txheej (los yog lub sijhawm twg, thaum twg) yuav tshwm sim?"

Hauv cov kab lus zoo li no, cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab subordinate tau qhia. Feem ntau, kev tsim kho hauv qab tuaj yeem qhia ntau lub ntsiab lus: hom kev nqis tes ua thiab qib, qhov chaw, sijhawm, xwm txheej, ua rau, muaj txiaj ntsig, lub hom phiaj, sib piv, kev pom zoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tsom mus rau ob hom, qhia cov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm thiab cov xwm txheej.

conditional clauses
conditional clauses

Hauv kev hais lus, cov kev tsim kho no qhia txog kev sib raug zoo, spatio-temporal thiab causal kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg kawm lus Askiv siab heev yuav tsum nkag siab thaum twg siv cov lus ntuas thiab cov xwm txheej.

siv sib txuas

Nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas nyob rau hauv cov kab lus nyuaj ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog ib qho tsis sib xws, thiab tuaj yeem muaj ob peb nqe lus subordinate. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog nyob ncaj qha (logically thiab grammatically) ntawm lub ntsiab tivthaiv thiab koom nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau yam conjunctions thiab allied expressions. Nov yog cov uas nquag tshaj plaws:

  • if – yog;
  • in case;
  • thaum - thaum twg;
  • thaum - thaum;
  • sai li sai tau (ntev li) - sai li sai tau;
  • mus txog - txog, ua ntej;
  • after - tom qablike;
  • ua ntej - ua ntej;
  • tsuas yog (yog tsis yog) - yog tsis yog.

Thov nco ntsoov: kev sib txuas siv tsis tas yuav pab txiav txim siab hom kab lus nyuaj. Thiab feem ntau nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua qhov no txhawm rau siv txoj cai grammatical, uas tau piav qhia tom qab hauv kab lus. Txhawm rau kom paub meej tias qhov no yog kab lus nrog tus neeg mob lossis lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum nug ib lo lus nug rau tus neeg saib xyuas.

subordinate clause
subordinate clause

Nco ntsoov tias ib kab lus tuaj yeem pib nrog ib nqe lus tseem ceeb lossis kab lus. Puas yog nyuaj kom tsis txhob ntxhov siab? Tsuas yog ua tib zoo saib seb qhov twg ntawm kab lus lub koom haum nyob hauv (ib lossis lwm qhov ntawm cov npe saum toj no).

Lub sijhawm yog dab tsi?

Hom no suav nrog ib feem ntawm cov kab lus nyuaj uas yog subordinate rau lub ntsiab, thaum teb cov lus nug: "Thaum twg?", "Hloov ntev npaum li cas?", "Puas ntev dhau los?", "Txij thaum twg?", "Txawm li cas los xij?" etc.

Txhawm rau txuas cov nqe lus ntawm lub sijhawm mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, cov koom haum yog siv: thaum twg, tom qab, ua ntej, txog thaum thiab lwm yam nrog lub ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias lub sij hawm tus nqi raug qhia, thiab tsis yog lwm yam, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws los nug cov lus nug.

Dab tsi yog subordinate clause?

Cov qauv sau ntawv zoo li no teb cov lus nug: "Raws li cas?". Lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab koom nrog cov koom haum yog tias, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub, tshwj tsis yog, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis tsis yog ib txwm cov phooj ywg lo lus ua raws li kev lees paub tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej tau pom hauv kab lus. Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau lub sij hawm cov turnover, piv txwv li,nrog if, nws txhais tsis yog "yog", tab sis "seb". Sib piv:

  • Kuv tuaj yog lawv caw kuv - Kuv yuav tuaj yog lawv caw kuv.
  • Kuv tsis paub tias lawv yuav caw kuv - Kuv tsis paub yog lawv yuav caw kuv.
adverbial tenses thiab tej yam kev mob
adverbial tenses thiab tej yam kev mob

Cov ntsiab lus hauv lus Askiv muaj nyob hauv kab lus uas tshwm sim yav dhau los, tam sim no lossis yav tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej muab tso rau hauv lawv tus kheej muaj qhov gradation: tiag, tsis zoo li thiab tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov no yog qhov nkag siab zoo tshaj los ntawm cov piv txwv.

Kuv ntaus

Thawj hom kev mob subordinate piav txog qhov tseeb. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov tiag tiag tshwm sim yav dhau los, tam sim no lossis yav tom ntej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv nruj ntawm cov lus qhia-predicate nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab thiab subordinate feem feem ntau coincide.

Qhov no tau pom meej hauv cov piv txwv.

Past tense:

Yog huab cua zoo, nws mus taug kev - Yog huab cua zoo, nws mus taug kev.

Present:

Yog huab cua zoo, nws mus taug kev - Yog huab cua zoo, nws taug kev (mus) taug kev.

Yav Tom Ntej:

Yog huab cua zoo, nws yuav mus taug kev - Yog huab cua zoo, nws yuav mus taug kev.

Tsuas yog hauv qhov piv txwv kawg, koj tuaj yeem pom tias ob ntu ntawm kab lus nyuaj tsis pom zoo rau lub sijhawm (lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tam sim no, thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog yav tom ntej). Qhov no tsis tshwm sim los ntawm lub caij nyoog, tab sis vim yog ib qho kev cai tshwj xeeb grammatical uas cov subordinate tenses thiab tej yam kev mob ua raws. Cov ntsiab lus yuav piav qhia tom qab.

MeanwhileCia peb xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm hom thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm subordinate tej yam kev mob. Lawv tsis tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb grammatical tenses, tab sis tau txais lub ntsiab lus "yog, ces …". Ntxiv mus, qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau niaj hnub nim no thiab yav dhau los.

II type

Thaum tus hais lus ntseeg tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua tiav qhov xwm txheej yog qhov me me, ces siv cov lus sib cais. Kos ib qho piv txwv nrog cov lus Lavxias, qhov no yog qhov subjunctive ("yog tias tsuas yog …"). Piv txwv:

Yog tias huab cua zoo, Kuv yuav mus taug kev - Yog tias huab cua zoo, Kuv yuav mus (mus) taug kev.

subordinate clauses lus Askiv
subordinate clauses lus Askiv

Nco ntsoov tias qhov xwm txheej tau piav qhia yog tshwm sim thaum tus neeg tham txog nws. Nov tsis khuv xim nag hmo.

Txhawm rau tsim cov lus hais kom raug ntawm hom no, koj xav tau:

  • hauv subordinate clause muab cov lus qhia-predicate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim dhau los;
  • nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab, siv yuav + daim ntawv infinitive ntawm cov lus qhia (tab sis tsis muaj particle rau).

III type

Yog tias qhov kev ua raws li qhov xwm txheej no (thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev ua) raug txiav txim siab los ntawm tus neeg hais lus yog qhov ua tsis tau kiag li, qhov xwm txheej ntawm ib hom sib txawv tuaj rau hauv kev ua si. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev paub txog qhov xwm txheej no yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov kev txiav txim tau tshwm sim yav dhau los, thiab tus neeg hais lus tsis tuaj yeem hloov nws qhov txiaj ntsig. Thiab yog li ntawd, ib qho kev ua tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov kab lus hauv qab ntawm hom no feem ntau qhia kev khuv xim thiab kev quaj ntsuag txog qhov xwm txheej.

Yog huab cua tauzoo nag hmo, peb yuav tsis tau nyob hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb yuav tau mus taug kev - yog hais tias huab cua zoo nag hmo, peb yuav tsis tau nyob rau hauv tsev. Thaum ntawd peb mam mus taug kev.

Tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj lwm qhov, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus, qhov xwm txheej. Tus neeg ntawd xav txog tej yam uas yuav tshwm sim, tiam sis tsis txhob khuv xim nws. Piv txwv li:

Yog kuv tsaug zog, kuv yuav lig - Yog kuv tsaug zog, Kuv yuav lig.

complex nrog subordinate clause
complex nrog subordinate clause

Thov nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov kab lus hais txog tag nrho lub sijhawm dhau los thiab qhia txog qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev ua qee yam tam sim ntawd, yav dhau los.

Cov qauv grammatical hauv qab no yog tsim raws li hauv qab no:

  • nyob rau hauv subordinate ib feem, qhov verb-predicate yog muab tso rau hauv Past Perfect form;
  • hauv qhov tseem ceeb yuav + Perfect Infinitive yog siv.

Cov lus twg yog siv rau hauv cov lus hauv qab?

Lo lus nug no hnyav heev. Ib me ntsis ua ntej hauv tsab xov xwm nws tau hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb hom subordinate ib feem. Thiab tsis tas li ntawd, hauv qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis txhob tsom mus rau cov koom haum, tab sis ntawm cov lus nug.

Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj qee txoj cai grammatical. Nws txuas nrog hom ntawm subordinate clause thiab kev siv lub tam sim no / yav tom ntej tense nyob rau hauv nws.

Yog cov subordinate clauses teb cov lus nug: "Raws li qhov xwm txheej yuav ua li cas?" los yog "Lub sijhawm twg (thaum twg) qhov no yuav tshwm sim?", ces lawv qhia, raws li qhov xwm txheej lossis lub sijhawm. Hauv cov hom subordinate clauses, koj siv tsis tauyav tom ntej tense (nrog cov lus qhia yuav). Hloov chaw, tam sim no siv. Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej tau hais meej meej txog yav tom ntej thiab nws yog qhov kev nruj no uas tau txhais ua lus Lavxias.

subordinate clauses in English
subordinate clauses in English

Sib piv:

  • Nws yuav ua ncuav mog qab zib thaum koj tuaj.
  • Yog kuv tau txoj haujlwm no, kuv yuav zoo siab.

Raws li nws yooj yim pom, hauv qhov kawg qhov piv txwv tau muab rau ntau yam - hom kuv subordinate clause. Txoj cai no tsis siv rau lwm ob hom kev cai clauses, txij li muaj cov kev tsim qauv sib txawv rau kev qhia cov ntsiab lus grammatical.

nrog clause
nrog clause

Nyob hauv ntau lub sijhawm, cov kab lus nyuaj tso cai rau koj los qhia tus neeg hais lus xav zoo dua. Cov subordinate feem koom nrog kev pab los ntawm cov koom haum tshwj xeeb. Raws li ntau yam tseem ceeb, adverbial tenses thiab adjunctive condition distinguished.

Cov lus Askiv ua qee yam kev cai grammatical ntawm kev siv cov qauv no. Txhawm rau kawm lawv kom ntseeg tau, koj yuav tsum nkag siab qhov kev xav zoo ib zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ntau qhov kev tawm dag zog li sai tau kom tus piv txwv ntawm kev siv raug raug kho hauv nco. Tom qab ntawd, thaum qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim, nws yuav tshwm sim hauv kev hais lus.

Pom zoo: