lus Lavxias yog ib txwm suav tias yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws. Cov neeg txawv teb chaws, sim ua kom paub, xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov kev cai loj thiab cov ntawv sau ntawv.
Hauv Lavxias, kab lus tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom. Ntawm lawv yog:
1. Cov kab lus yooj yim. Lawv nthuav tawm tsuas yog ib tus cwj pwm, i.e. ib tug syntactic kev twb kev txuas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug khub ntawm kev kawm thiab predicate. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ob feem (muaj ob qho tib si ib qho kev kawm thiab ib qho piv txwv) thiab ib feem (tsuas yog ib tus tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus).
2. Cov kab lus nyuaj. Lawv, nyob ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, tau muab faib ua cov sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov tsis sib koom ua ke. Feem ntau hais lus, cov no yog cov kab lus uas muaj ntau yam yooj yim, txuas nrog kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas lus.
Cov kab lus nyuaj zoo li nyuaj tshaj plaws. Muaj ntau hom subordinate ntsiab nyob ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab lus. Feem ntau lawv raug cais los ntawm cov cim cim thiab tuaj yeem muab tso rau qhov twg hauv kab lus.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim kab lus. Hauv qhov no, ntau yam txuj ci thiab kev siv tau siv. Ntawm cov tseem ceeb, cov nram qab no hom ntawm subordinate seem ntawm kab lus yuav txawv.
Definative part
Teb cov lus nug "dab tsi?". Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas lus "thaum", "uas", "leej twg", "thaum", "qhov twg", "dab tsi". Piv txwv:
Kuv tus tub yog tus ntse thiab zoo nraug (dab tsi?) nyiam taug kev saum ru tsev.
Qhia part
Siv cov lus nug. Lub subordination ntawm subordinate clauses yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm pab cov lus "dab tsi", "raws li", "zoo li yog", "rau". Piv txwv:
Txawm tias nws npau taws thiab npau taws, nws tos ntsoov rau nws niam nws txiv zam txim rau nws tus cwj pwm no.
sijhawm ntxiv
Cov lus nug "thaum twg?", "ntev ntev npaum li cas?", "mus txog thaum twg?" thiab lwm tus. Nws yog tsim los siv cov lus "thaum", "thaum ntxov", "txij thaum". Piv txwv:
Tag nrho kuv cov teeb meem pib sai li sai tau thaum kuv kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tau txais kev caw los ntawm tus coj txawv txawv thiab tsis paub meej Mr. Wolfer Vaughn Dubershire.
Ntxiv
Kev sib raug zoo raug tsim los siv cov lus "qhov twg", "los ntawm qhov twg", "qhov twg" thiab cov lus nug tsim nyog. Piv txwv:
Kuv xav rov qab mus rau ib lub tsev hauv zos, qhov twg tsis muaj leej twg yuav txiav txim rau cov khau uas tsis tau polished kom ci zoo meej.
ua rau ntxiv. Cov lus tseem ceeb: "vim", "vim", "vim" thiab lwm yam. Teb cov lus nug "vim li cas?" thiab "vim li cas?".
Kuv tus nus tsis zoo li txhawj thiab ntshai lawm, vim nws cov teeb meem tau daws los ntawm tus poj niam zoo nkauj hauv lub tsho xiav.
Nyob rau hauv subordinate clauses
Ntau zaus, hom subordinate clauses raug txiav txim siab nyob ntawm lawv cov kev sib txuas hauv kab lus. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem hais meej:
- sequential subordination: subordinate clause yog subordinate rau lub ntsiab thiab yog nyob tam sim ntawd tom qab nws, thiab cov tom ntej no subordinate rau yav dhau los;
- parallel subordination: tag nrho cov subordinate clauses yog subordinate rau lub ntsiab clause, tab sis rau nws cov lus sib txawv;
- heterogeneous subordination: hais txog tib lo lus, tab sis muaj ntau hom clauses, i.e. teb ntau yam lus nug;
- homogeneous subordination: subordinate clauses ua raws tib lo lus nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab clause;
- ua ke subordination: ib phau ntawm ob peb hom.
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, cov lus Lavxias muaj ntau hom kab lus thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis yog hauv kev sau cov kab lus kom raug, tab sis kuj nkag siab nws. Qhov no piav qhia qhov nyuaj ntawm kev qhia neeg txawv teb chaws txhua yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
