Cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog qhov nthuav, ntxim nyiam, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nyuaj heev ntawm cov qauv lus Lavxias. Ib kab lus nyuaj thiab txhua yam txuas nrog nws tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov lus Lavxias, thiab tseem suav nrog hauv daim ntawv xeem.
Variants of subordination of dependent part of a complex kab lus (nrog rau subordination sib law liag ntawm subordinate clauses) yuav tham hauv qab no.
Cov kab lus nyuaj: hom subordinate clauses
Ib kab lus nyuaj yog ib kab lus uas muaj ob lossis ntau lub hauv paus grammatical, ib qho yog qhov tseem ceeb, tus so yog nyob ntawm. Piv txwv li, qhov hluav taws kub tawm (qhov tseem ceeb) thaum sawv ntxov tuaj (ib feem). Subordinate, los yog dependent, qhov chaw tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom, txhua yam nyob ntawm cov lus nug uas nug los ntawm kab lus tseem ceeb mus rau tus neeg nyob. Yog li, thaum nug seb qhov twg yog qhov kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab: hav zoov (dab tsi?), uas peb taug kev, thinned tawm. Yog hais tias lo lus nug ntawm qhov xwm txheej yog txuas mus rau qhov chaw nyob, ces qhov subordinate yog txhais ua adverbial. Thaum kawg, yog lo lus nugib feem ntawm kev vam yog ib qho ntawm cov lus nug ntawm cov teeb meem tsis ncaj, ces tus subordinate clause hu ua piav qhia.
Cov kab lus tsis yooj yim: ob peb nqe lus subordinate
Feem ntau hauv cov ntawv thiab kev tawm dag zog muaj cov kab lus nyuaj, qhov twg muaj ob peb nqe lus hauv qab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog cov subordinate clauses lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem sib txawv, tab sis kuj yog txoj hauv kev uas lawv subordinated rau lub ntsiab clause los yog ib leeg.
| Npe | Kev piav qhia | Example |
| Parallel subordination | Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntau hom. | Thaum dej khov tawg, kev nuv ntses pib, uas cov txiv neej tau tos tag nrho lub caij ntuj no. (Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: nuv ntses pib. Thawj adverbial clause: pib (thaum twg?); thib ob adjective: nuv ntses (dab tsi?). |
| Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm tib hom. | Txhua tus paub tias BAM tsim tau li cas thiab cov neeg them nyiaj rau nws txaus siab npaum li cas. (Cov kab lus tseem ceeb: txhua leej txhua tus paub. Ob lub subordinate piav clauses belongs rau nws: yuav ua li cas lub BAM tau tsim thiab yuav ua li cas dearly cov neeg them rau nws. Cov clauses yog homogeneous, txij li thaum lawv hais txog ib lo lus - nws paub, ib lo lus nug yog nug ntawm lawv: nws paub (dab tsi?) | |
| Kev xa mus raws | Lub ntsiab lus muaj ib nqe lus, uas lwm cov lus nyob ntawm. | Nws twv tias movie lawvntsia, lawv tsis nyiam nws. (Nws twv ib nqe lus subordinate nyob ntawm lub ntsiab clause: uas lawv tsis nyiam zaj duab xis. Lwm clause hais txog lub ntsiab clause nyob ntawm lub clause: uas lawv saib. |
Kev txiav txim siab qhov sib npaug, homogeneous, ua ntu zus ntawm subordinate clauses yog ib txoj haujlwm uas ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Kev daws qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua ntej kom nrhiav tau kab lus tseem ceeb, thiab tom qab ntawd, nug cov lus nug los ntawm nws, txiav txim siab qhov xwm txheej ntawm subordination.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab lus nyuaj, uas muaj ob peb lub stems, tej zaum yuav muaj subordination ntawm subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses yog subordinate clauses uas nyob ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Sequential subordination txawv ntawm subordination. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov kab lus sib txuas nrog cov kab lus sib txuas, tsis yog txhua tus subordinate clauses nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus, uas yog, lawv tsis muaj subordination.
Kev sib tw ua ntu zus ntawm clauses
Nws tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim los txiav txim siab hom clauses, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kab lus nrog kev sib txuas ua ke. Lo lus nug yog yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab lus.
- Nyeem kab lus kom zoo.
- Highlight grammar Basics.
- Kev txiav txim siab yog kab lus nyuaj. Hauv lwm lo lus, nrhiav seb puas muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab nyob ntawm qhov chaw, lossis yog tias qhov chaw ntawm kab lus nyuaj sib npaug.
- Define clausesqhov chaw cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kab lus tseem ceeb.
- Ib nqe lus uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsiab lus rau lub ntsiab lus yuav xa mus rau lwm qhov nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Qhov no yog qhov sib txuas ntawm subordination ntawm subordinate.
Ua raws li cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau sai sai rau qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb hauv txoj haujlwm.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub cov lus teb rau lo lus nug, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm subordinate clauses - yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib kab lus nyuaj, qhov twg cov kab lus hauv qab no nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lwm kab lus.
kab lus nrog cov ntu ntu ntawm cov kab lus
Qhov kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws yog kab lus nyuaj nrog cov kab lus sib txuas ntawm cov kab lus subordinate. Ib txoj hlua ntawm cov kab lus sib cuam tshuam tuaj yeem nyob ob sab nraum lub ntsiab lus thiab hauv nws.
Hnub uas lawv tau nyob hauv lub nroog tshav ntuj, qhov chaw muaj ntau yam keeb kwm, lawv yuav nco ntsoov mus ib txhis.
Ntawm no cov kab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub hnub yog nco ntsoov los ntawm lawv mus ib txhis encircles cov clauses muaj feem xyuam. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb txiav txim siab cov nqe lus hauv qab uas lawv tau siv hauv lub nroog hnub ci. Qhov no subordinate yog lub ntsiab rau lub subordinate txhais ib feem uas muaj ntau yam keeb kwm monuments. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog ib tug sib xws subordination ntawm subordinate clauses. Hauv lwm kab lus, Nws pom tus tswv cem nws tus miv kom ntesqaib lub ntsiab clause nyob sab nraum subordinate clauses.
Piv txwv ntawm kev ua ntu zus ntawm cov kab lus
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab lus subordinate yog siv ob qho tib si hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Cov kab lus no muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntawv tseeb. Piv txwv li, A. S. Pushkina: Natalya Gavrilovna yog nto moo nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos raws li tus zoo tshaj plaws ua las voos, uas yog … yog vim li cas rau qhov ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm Korsakov, uas tuaj rau hnub tom qab thov txim rau Gavrila Afanasyevich; ntawm L. N. Tolstoy: Kuv nco qab li cas ib zaug nws xav tias nws tus txiv tau pom thiab tab tom npaj rau lub duel … uas nws npaj siab tua rau saum huab cua; I. A. Bunin: Thiab thaum kuv ntsia, nws zoo li kuv dua … tias qhov kev ntsiag to no yog qhov tsis paub, ib feem ntawm qhov tsis paub.
