Dej coagulation: txoj cai ntawm kev ua, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thov

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 17:48

Coagulation ntawm dej yog hais txog lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ua ntej ntawm nws cov purification. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv lub o thiab nag lossis daus ntawm txhua yam impurities los yog emulsified tshuaj. Cov thev naus laus zis no yog siv hauv cov dej khib nyiab niaj hnub thiab cov chaw kho dej.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev

Coagulation ntawm dej, los yog nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus nws qhia meej, yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas cov me me nyob rau hauv ncua kev kawm ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv loj conglomerates. Ua raws li cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov impurities uas tsis zoo los ntawm cov kua thaum lub sij hawm nws ntxiv, lim lossis flotation.

txhawm rau kom cov khoom "sib koom ua ke", nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kov yeej lub zog ntawm kev sib nrig sib repulsion ntawm lawv, uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj colloidal. Feem ntau, impurities muaj qhov tsis muaj zog tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau ntxuav cov dej los ntawm coagulation, cov tshuaj nrog cov nqi sib txawv yog qhia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ua hluav taws xob nruab nrab, poob lawv qhov kev sib nrig sib sib zog sib zog thiab pib ua ke, thiab tom qab ntawd poob tawm.nyob rau hauv sediment.

Cov khoom siv

2 hom tshuaj reagents yog siv los ua coagulants: inorganic thiab organic. Ntawm thawj pab pawg ntawm cov khoom, feem ntau yog cov ntsev ntawm txhuas, hlau, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw; titanium, magnesium thiab zinc ntsev. Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog polyelectrolytes (melamine-formaldehyde, epichlorohydrindimethylamine, polychlorodiallyldimethyl-ammonium).

Hauv kev lag luam, dej khib nyiab feem ntau coagulated nrog txhuas thiab hlau ntsev:

• Aluminium chloride AlCl₃∙6H_2O;
• ferric chloride FeCl₃∙6H_2O;
• Al sulfate 2_O;
• iron sulfate FeSO₄7H_2O;
• sodium aluminate NaAl(OH)_{4 thiab lwm yam.}

Coagulants tsim flakes nrog thaj chaw loj tshwj xeeb, uas ua kom lawv muaj peev xwm adsorption zoo. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab nws cov koob tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub chaw kuaj mob, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub zog ntawm cov kua ntawm cov khoom kho. Rau kev qhia meej ntawm cov dej ntuj, qhov concentration ntawm coagulants feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 25-80 mg / l.

Xyaum tag nrho cov tshuaj reagents no yog nyob rau qib 3 lossis 4th txaus ntshai. Yog li ntawd, thaj chaw uas lawv siv yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv cov chav sib cais lossis cov tsev sib cais.

Destination

Cov txheej txheem coagulation yog siv ob qho tib si hauv kev kho dej thiab ntxuav kev lag luam thiabcov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev. Cov thev naus laus zis no pab txo qis cov khoom tsis zoo:

• hlau thiab manganese - mus txog 80%;
• synthetic surfactants - los ntawm 30-100%;
• lead, chromium - los ntawm 30%;
• roj av - los ntawm 10-90%;
• tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee - los ntawm 50%;
• organic pollution - los ntawm 50-65%;
• xov tooj cua - los ntawm 70-90% (tshwj tsis yog cov tawv tawv tshem tawm iodine, barium thiab strontium; lawv cov concentration tsuas yog txo los ntawm ib feem peb);
• tshuaj tua kab - los ntawm 10-90%.

Kev lim dej los ntawm coagulation ua raws li cov sedimentation tso cai txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv nws los ntawm 1-2 qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj, thiab cov concentration ntawm cov kab mob yooj yim tshaj plaws - los ntawm 2-3 qhov kev txiav txim siab. Cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv qab no:

• Coxsackievirus;
• enteroviruses;
• kab mob siab A;
• E. coli thiab nws cov kab mob bacteriophages;
• giardia cysts.

Key Factors

Kev nrawm thiab ua haujlwm ntawm dej coagulation nyob ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej:

• Degree ntawm fineness thiab concentration ntawm impurities. Ntxiv turbidity yuav tsum tau ntau dua koob tshuaj coagulant.
• Acidity ntawm ib puag ncig. Kev ua kom huv ntawm cov kua dej saturated nrog humic thiab fulvic acids tshwm sim zoo dua ntawm qhov qis pH. Nrog rau cov dej kom meej meej, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntau dua ntawm pH siab. Txhawm rau kom alkalinity ntxiv txiv qaub, dej qab zib, caustic soda.
• Ionic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum qis concentrationsib tov ntawm electrolytes, cov efficiency ntawm dej coagulation yog txo.
• Presence of organic compounds.
• Kub. Nrog rau nws qhov txo qis, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txo qis. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom yog cua sov mus txog 30-40 ° C.

Technological process

Muaj 2 txoj kev coagulation tseem ceeb siv hauv cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab:

• Nyob hauv ntim pub dawb. Rau qhov no, mixers thiab flocculation chambers yog siv.
• Tsab teeb pom kev zoo. Ib coagulant yog thawj zaug ntxiv rau hauv dej, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau dhau los ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv granular.

Txoj kev kawg ntawm cov dej coagulation yog siv dav tshaj plaws vim muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:

• High tu ceev.
• koob tshuaj me me ntawm coagulants.
• Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
• Tsis tas yuav alkalize kua.

Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab los ntawm coagulation suav nrog 3 theem tseem ceeb:

1. Reagent dosing and mixing with dej. Coagulants tau nkag mus rau hauv cov kua hauv daim ntawv ntawm 10-17% kev daws teeb meem lossis tshem tawm. Kev sib xyaw hauv cov thawv yog ua los ntawm mechanically lossis los ntawm aeration nrog compressed cua.
2. Floc tsim hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb (kev sib cuag, txheej nyias, ejection lossis rov ua haujlwm dua).
3. Tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub tank.

Cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg yog qhov ua tau zoo dua nrog ob theem txheej txheem, thaum nws thawj zaug tsis muaj coagulants, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab kho nrog tshuajreagents.

Tsev faucet designs

Kev taw qhia txog cov tshuaj coagulant rau hauv cov dej kho yog ua los ntawm ntau hom kev sib tov:

• Tubular. Static ntsiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cones, diaphragms, screws yog ntsia rau hauv lub siab pipeline. Reagent yog muab los ntawm venturi.
• Y Hydraulic: cloisonne, perforated, vortex, ntxhua khaub ncaws. Kev sib xyaw tshwm sim vim yog kev tsim cov dej ntws tawm ntawm qhov sib faib, los ntawm qhov, ib txheej ntawm cov coagulating suspended sediment los yog ntxig rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws (diaphragm) nrog lub qhov.
• Mechanical (nplooj thiab kiv cua).

Kev sib xyaw nrog flotation

Kev kho dej khib nyiab los ntawm coagulation yog qhov nyuaj los tswj cov txheej txheem vim qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov kua dej zoo. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tshwm sim no, flotation yog siv - kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm hauv daim ntawv ua npuas dej. Ua ke nrog cov coagulants, flocculants tau nkag rau hauv cov dej huv. Lawv txo cov wettability ntawm kev ncua thiab txhim kho adhesion ntawm tom kawg nrog cua npuas. Gas saturation yog nqa tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag flotation.

Cov txheej txheem no yog siv dav rau kev coagulation ntawm cov dej paug nrog cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no:

• refining kev lag luam;
• khoom siv fiber ntau;
• pulp thiab ntawv, tawv thiab tshuaj industries;
• mechanical engineering;
• productionfood.

3 hom flocculants yog siv:

• ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb (starch, hydrolyzed fodder poov xab, bagasse);
• Ysynthetic (polyacrylamide, VA-2, VA-3);
• inorganic (sodium silicate, silicon dioxide).

Cov tshuaj no ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj coagulants, txo lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntxuav, thiab nce tus nqi ntawm flake settling. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm polyacrylamide txawm tias me me (0.5-2.0 mg / kg) ua rau hnyav hnyav ntawm cov flakes, uas ua rau cov dej nce ntxiv hauv cov ntsug hom clarifiers.

Txoj kev siv zog ua haujlwm

Txhim kho cov txheej txheem dej coagulation yog ua los ntawm ntau cov lus qhia:

1. Hloov hom kev ua haujlwm (feem ntau, cais, sib cuam tshuam coagulation).
2. Txoj cai ntawm dej acidity.
3. Kev siv cov pob zeb hauv av opacifiers, uas nws cov khoom ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov chaw ntxiv rau kev tsim cov conglomerates, sorption cov ntaub ntawv (av nplaum, clinoptilolite, saponite).
4. ua ke ua ke. Ua ke ntawm coagulation nrog magnetization ntawm dej, daim ntawv thov ntawm hluav taws xob teb, raug rau ultrasound.
5. Siv kev sib xyaw ntawm ferric chloride thiab aluminium sulfate.
6. Kev siv cov neeg kho tshuab agitation, uas txo cov koob tshuaj coagulants los ntawm 30-50% thiab txhim kho kev tu kom zoo.
7. Taw qhia ntawm oxidizers (chlorine thiab ozone).