Ralf Dahrendorf yog ib tus kws paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus kws tshaj lij ntawm German-English keeb kwm. Nws kuj tau nto moo rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev nom kev tswv, nrog rau kev koom tes hauv pej xeem lub neej. Nws tuav lub taub hau ntawm German Society of Sociologists, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Bundestag, yog lub xeev tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm txawv teb chaws Ministry los ntawm lub parliament. Nws yog ib tus tsim ntawm University of Constanta.
Youth of Dahrendorf
Ralf Dahrendorf yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1929. Nws txiv Gustav yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Social Democratic Party ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab sawv cev rau hauv German parliament. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1933 nws poob nws txoj haujlwm, raws li nws tshaj tawm tawm tsam txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev tso cai rau tsoomfwv. Ua tsaug rau daim nqi no, lub zog hauv lub tebchaws tau dhau mus rau tsoomfwv Adolf Hitler. Dahrendorf txiv tsis tsuas yog tawm tsam pej xeem cov nqi no, tab sis kuj tau pov npav tawm tsam nws hauv Parliament. Tom qab Nazis thaum kawg los txog, nws raug ntes thiab poob haujlwm.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Ralph tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Bukov. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv, 14-xyoo-laus yav tom ntej sociologist nquag koom nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Nazism, sau cov ntawv sau. Nws txiv tau ua haujlwm hauv av thaum xyoo no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug ntes dua tom qabqhov tsis ua tiav ntawm "kev koom tes ntawm cov thawj coj", thaum Lub Xya Hli 20, 1944, kev sim ua tsis tiav ntawm Fuhrer tau tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, feem ntau ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm German Resistance raug tua lossis raug tsim txom.
Nrhiav
Dahrendorf Ralph raug kaw hauv xyoo 1944, tab sis vim nws tseem hluas nws tsis raug xa mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Tau ntev nws tau nyob hauv ib lub yeej nyob ze ntawm lub zos Schwetig mus txog thaum nws tau dim los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.
Ralf txiv yog ib tus neeg tawm tsam uas tawm tsam kev sib sau ua ke hauv thaj tsam Soviet ntawm Social Democratic Party ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees nrog German Communists. Cov tub rog Askiv tau pab Dahrendorf tsev neeg tsiv tawm ntawm Berlin mus rau Hamburg. Nyob ntawd, Ralph xeem dhau qhov kev xeem thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm theem nrab.
Xyoo 1948, Ralph tau tawm hauv tebchaws Yelemes, tsiv mus rau tebchaws Askiv, qhov chaw nws pib kawm txog kev nom kev tswv uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg German uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm Askiv.
Kev Kawm Qib Siab
Dahrendorf Ralf tau pib kawm qib siab hauv University of Hamburg. Nyob ntawd nws kawm classical thiab niaj hnub philosophy. Xyoo 1952 nws tiv thaiv nws qhov kev tshaj tawm, tshuaj xyuas Karl Marx cov lus qhia.
Tom qab ntawd nws tsiv mus rau London, qhov chaw nws pib kawm txog kev coj noj coj ua. Kawm nyob rau hauv Popper thiab Marshall, nrog rau yav tas los nws tau ua tus kawm tiav.
Nyob rau xyoo 1956 nws tiv thaiv nws txoj kev kawm, lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev kawm yog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev lag luam Askiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf tau kawm cov chav kawm thiab lawv cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv qhov tseeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv zej zog. ATXyoo 1957 nws tau nthuav tawm txoj haujlwm no rau nws tus kws kho mob.
Hauv nws thawj qhov haujlwm, Dahrendorf thuam Marx thiab nws cov tswv yim. Los ntawm 1957 txog 1958 nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Palo Alto Center for Behavioral Science Research.
kev ua haujlwm nom tswv
Ralf Dahrendorf, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm yog keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog German Social Democratic Party thiab Socialist Union ntawm Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm German, tseem paub zoo dua hauv kev nom kev tswv raws li tus thawj coj ntawm cov tswv yim ywj pheej.
Xyoo 1967 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Free Democratic Party. nquag ua hauj lwm ntawm reorientation ntawm tog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70s. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, tus sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf, uas nws yees duab tau nrov heev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, los ua nto moo ua tsaug rau kev sib tham nrog cov thawj coj ntawm lub 1968 zog. Ib tug ntawm nws cov neeg tawm tsam yog Rudi Dutschke, tus German Marxist politician thiab sociologist uas coj lub West Berlin tub ntxhais kawm txav.
Xyoo 1968, Dahrendorf tau raug xaiv los ua pawg nom tswv ntawm Baden-Württemberg. Txoj cai tau muab tso tseg los ntawm liberals. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev nws tau tso tseg txoj haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, dhau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Bundestag, tsoomfwv German pawg neeg sawv cev.
Dahrendorf tau ua haujlwm hauv tsoomfwv Willy Brandt ua tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm Lub Xeev ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws. Xyoo 1970 nws tau tsiv mus rau Brussels ua Tus Thawj Coj ntawm European Economic Society. Nws yog tus saib xyuas cov teeb meem ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab European kev lag luam, nrog rau kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb.
Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev qhiaua haujlwm
Xyoo 1974 nws so haujlwm ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab pej xeem lub neej, tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev qhia ua haujlwm. Nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam hauv London, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm tau 10 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd nws ua haujlwm rau ob xyoos hauv University of Konstanz, tom qab - hauv New York. Los ntawm 1987 txog 1989 nws yog Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab ntawm University of Oxford. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws kuj tuav txoj hauj lwm ntawm lwm tus rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Hauv xyoo 1982 nws tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Tebchaws Askiv los ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth II ntawm Great Britain. Rau cov pej xeem ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv, qhov no yog sib npaug rau lub npe ntawm nobility. Xyoo 1988, nws tau ua neeg xam xaj Askiv, tau ua phooj ywg rau lub neej thiab tau txais lub npe baronial hauv London Borough ntawm Westminster.
Txog 1987 nws tau mus rau Friedrich Naumann Foundation, cuam tshuam nrog Free Democratic Party of Germany. Los ua ib tug pej xeem Askiv, nws tau koom nrog Liberal Democratic Party - peb lub zog British nom tswv.
Hauv xyoo 1989, tus kws tshawb fawb Ralf Dahrendorf tau txais Sigmund Freud nqi zog. Nws cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tau txais txiaj ntsig. Xyoo 1997, nws yeej qhov khoom plig Theodor Heuss, pawg thawj coj tau sau tseg nws txoj haujlwm humanitarian thiab socio-political.
Ua haujlwm ntawm Naumann Foundation
Hnub no, Nauman Foundation ua haujlwm hauv ntau dua 60 lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Central, Eastern thiab South-Eastern Europe. Lub tsev hauv paus nyob hauv Potsdam ntawm Truman Villa.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiaj uas Dahrendorf txhawb nqa yog kev ywj pheej,vaj tse, pej xeem zej zog thiab txoj cai lij choj.
Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho pej xeem zej zog. Qhov no ua tiav, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm theem kev sib tham hauv zej zog. Kuj nrog rau cov txheej txheem kev ywj pheej thiab macroeconomic los ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov koom haum thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb.
haujlwm tshawb fawb
Philosopher Dahrendorf Ralph, uas nws biography muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub, paub zoo tias yog tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Tus kws tshawb fawb sau tseg tias kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, hauv nws txoj kev xav, yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg sib txawv. Qee tus muaj hwj chim thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau, thaum feem ntau tsis muaj cov cai zoo li no. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam no yog qhov ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog, Dahrendorf sau tseg.
Kev tsis ncaj ncees tshwm sim hauv qhov kawg ntawm lub zog, qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm yog tias tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntsug ntsug hauv zej zog.
Yuav ua li cas nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog?
Dahrendorf ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau tswj hwm thiab hloov mus rau qhov raug. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov no yog nrog cov koom haum pej xeem tshwj xeeb, uas yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ib qho kev ua kom tsim nyog rau txhua tog.
Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv kev daws teeb meem kev sib raug zoo. Thawj kauj ruam yog kom paub txog koj tus kheej nyiam.cov pab pawg tawm tsam. Qhov thib ob yog kev sib koom tes. Thiab qhov thib peb, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev faib tawm ntawm lub hwj chim. Txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yuav tsum ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog.
