Emulsion yog cov kua sib tov

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:28

Emulsion yog cov khoom sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv nws, ib feem muaj me me hais uas yog insoluble nyob rau hauv lwm yam. Cov khoom xyaw no hu ua "dispersed phase". Lwm yam khoom yog dispersed nruab nrab. Nws muaj thawj feem. "Emulsion" yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Latin keeb kwm. Hauv kev txhais lus, nws txhais tau tias "Kuv mis, kuv mis." Wb xav txog lub tswvyim no kom ntxaws ntxiv.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Ib yam ob cov kua uas tsis sib tov thiab tsis hnov tsw tshuaj tuaj yeem raug emulsified. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom yog yuav luag txhua zaus dej. Lwm cov khoom muaj cov polar tsis muaj zog lossis nruab nrab molecules (piv txwv li, rog). Thawj paub emulsion yog mis nyuj. Ntawm no cov rog rog yog dispersed nyob rau hauv dej. Qhov loj ntawm qhov me me tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem dispersed yog 1-50 microns, yog li emulsions raug cais raws li ntxhib tshuab. Tsawg-concentration kua - unstructured. Mixtures nrog siab concentration - qauv. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm thermodynamic, cov roj emulsion yog qhov tsis ruaj khov. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov tee dej yog qhov loj, thiab qhov sib tov yuav tsis tsim nyog.

Kev faib tawm

Hom emulsion tau nyob ntawm qhov piv ntawm theem ntim thiab lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntawmTus nqi thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm emulsifier, nws cov tshuaj lom neeg kev ua si, txoj kev thiab txoj kev sib tov.

1. Kev sib xyaw ncaj qha nrog cov khoom me tshaj plaws ntawm cov kua tsis-polar thiab insoluble hauv cov polar theem (o / w - los ntawm cov lus qhia "roj hauv dej"). Rau cov kev sib tov zoo li no, emulsifiers uas yaj hauv dej, xws li bitumen hais, tuaj yeem siv. Lawv cov molecules yog adsorbed rau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab saum npoo ntawm m-theem, txo qis tsis yog qhov nro xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj zog.
2. Rov qab (w / m) sib tov rau cov dej-insoluble emulsifiers yog siv.

Tshuaj ua haujlwm ntawm emulsion, siab, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau inversion.

1. Lyophilic emulsion yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim los ntawm tus kheej, spontaneously. Nws suav hais tias yog thermodynamically ruaj khov. Ib qho piv txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb ruaj khov emulsions thaum qhov kub txwv rau theem sib tov mus txog. Cov roj lubricating thiab cov dej txias kuj poob rau hauv pawg no.
2. Lyophobic emulsion yog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuab, acoustic lossis hluav taws xob sib xyaw. Thermodynamically, lawv tsis ruaj khov heev. Xws li kev sib tov tsis muaj emulsifiers tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov khoom xyaw zoo rau lawv: Surfactants, macromolecular, dej-soluble tshuaj, solids nrog siab dispersion.

Tau txais

Muaj ob txoj kev tsim khoom emulsion. Thawj yog txoj kev nplua crushing ntawm feem. Qhov thib ob yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ua raws li kev tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom me me. Hauv thawj qhov sib txawv, cov tshuaj maj mam ntxiv raudispersed system. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim nyog, thaum nqa tawm qhov sib ntxiv, mus tas li sib tov ntawm kev kub ceev. Hauv qhov no, qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib tov yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam. Hauv particular, ntawm kev sib xyaw ceev, kev taw qhia thiab ntim ntawm cov khoom tawg, nws cov concentration, kub thiab acidity ntawm nruab nrab. Qhov thib ob txoj kev yog ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug zaj duab xis yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lwm theem. Cua yog cua tshuab los ntawm hauv qab. Cov npuas ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab ua rau me me thiab sib tov tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov kua. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, lawv pib siv ultrasound es tsis txhob ntawm huab cua. Qhov no ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab tawg ua tej daim me me.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg ntawm emulsion tshwm sim. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum nws yuav tsum tau ua kom cov txheej txheem no sai thiab txo cov concentration ntawm cov compound. Qhov kev xav tau no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum muaj cov emulsion muaj zog heev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lossis nws daim ntawv thov raug. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom cov txheej txheem txo cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj:

1. Tshuaj. Reagents yog siv los rhuav tshem cov yeeb yaj kiab saum npoo ntawm emulsifier nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus nqi tsis zoo concentrated nyob rau saum npoo zaj duab xis yog neutralized. Kev siv cov organic additives ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus (biologically active tshuaj - demulsifiers) yog raws li tib txoj cai.
2. Ntxiv cov emulsifier uas ua rau tsim cov cations uas nyiam cov nqi tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab saum npoo ntawm emulsifier. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj txo qis.
3. Hloov cov emulsifier nrog lwm cov khoom siv saum npoo av (surfactant). Nws dilutes qhov concentration ntawm yav dhau los, tab sis tsis nws tus kheej tsim ib tug muaj zog txaus zaj duab xis.



4. Thermal method. Nrog rau txoj kev no, cov emulsion raug kub, uas ua rau nws cais.
5. Mechanical method. Qhov kev xaiv no tseem hu ua txoj kev sib cais. Lub emulsion yog maj mam muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv rotating ntawm lub siab angular tshaj tawm. Cov tshuaj tau tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom los ntawm qhov hnyav feem ntau.
6. Txoj kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no lossis ntxiv cov electrolyte rau emulsion. Txoj kev no rhuav tshem cov yeeb yaj kiab saum npoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw kom ruaj khov los ntawm tus nqi tsis zoo.

Daim ntawv thov

Qhov ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm emulsions hauv kev lag luam yog dav heev. Tshwj xeeb, kev sib txuas siv:

1. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov margarine thiab butter.
2. Nyob hauv xab npum.
3. Thaum ua cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj.
4. Kev tsim kho. Piv txwv li, bituminous emulsion yog ib qho tsis-combustible compound.
5. Kev ua liaj ua teb: tshuaj tua kab - ntau yam tshuaj uas rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag.
6. Kev kho mob: ua ntau yam tshuaj, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev ib ce.
7. Ntau yam xim emulsion yog siv los pleev xim.
8. Tshuaj pleev ib ce rau cov plaub hau, emulsions uas tiv thaiv cov plaub hau thaum dyeing. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev tsim emulsion (qhov no yog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev rau xim).
9. Kev lag luam roj siv cov dej sib xyaw thiab roj,nyob rau hauv uas cov dispersion ntawm ib theem ua kua mus rau lwm qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv me me droplets - globules.