Ib lub tebchaws twg muaj cai txaus siab rau nws cov nom tswv, pej xeem cov neeg, kws sau paj huam thiab sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Kazakhstan, lub cim xeeb ntawm Ibrai Altynsarin tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhuas, uas tau mob siab rau nws tag nrho nws cov neeg laus lub neej kom tshem tawm kev nyeem ntawv tsis paub, paub cov Kazakh cov neeg muaj nuj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai.
Ibray Altynsarin - tus kws qhia ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tus kws sau keeb kwm, kws sau paj lug, tus kws sau ntawv, tus neeg txhais lus. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev siv zog, thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tshwm sim hauv Kazakh av, qhov chaw cov menyuam yaus los ntawm tsev neeg zoo tib yam tuaj yeem kawm.
Ibray Altynsarin yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2, 1841. Hmoov tsis zoo, yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog nws niam nws txiv. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, Altynsarin txiv tuag hauv 1844. Txij li thaum yau, Ibrai tau nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm nws yawg Balgozhi Zhanburchin, uas tuav lub luag haujlwm ntawm biy hauv nws lub zos. Bey yogmagistrate, mentor, adviser, public figure.
Txog hnub kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Ibrai Altynsarin tsis hnov qab nws lub tebchaws me me - lub zos Zhanburchi, uas yog ib feem ntawm Arakaragay volost ntawm Nikolaevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm ib tug poj niam lub teb chaws, lub qub volost twb renamed mus rau Altynsarinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kostanay cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan.
Thaum tus tub muaj cuaj xyoos, nws raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm tshwj xeeb uas nyuam qhuav qhib rau cov menyuam hauv paus txawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Orenburg, kev qhia ntawv yog ua nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Cov txiv neej uas tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws tau nyob hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nce qib ntawm no.
Nrog tsev kawm ntawv, Ibrahim mob siab rau tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb los nyeem ntawv. Ntawm nws cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv yog cov paj huam ntawm Byron, Goethe thiab Shakespeare, cov paj huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov, cov hauj lwm ntawm oriental sau Firduosi thiab Navoi.
Tom tau ua tiav kev kawm tiav xya xyoo, Ibrai Altynsarin, ntawm kev hais tawm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tseem nyob hauv Orenburg, ua haujlwm ua tus txhais lus hauv tsoomfwv cheeb tsam.
thawj kauj ruam hauv kev kawm
Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg txhais lus tsis nyiam tus tub hluas, Ibrahim npau suav ntawm kev qhia. Xyoo 1860, nws thaum kawg tawm hauv Orenburg thiab tsiv mus rau Turga fortress (tam sim no lub nroog ntawm tib lub npe), qhov chaw uas nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv hauv Lavxias teb sab gymnasium. Tab sis Ibray Altynsarin, nws biography vividly ua pov thawj tias nws hlub nws cov neeg, ua ntau zog kom cov me nyuam Kazakh kuj tau txais kev paub.
Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, Altynsarin tab tom tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv theem qis rau cov tub hluas los ntawm cov tsev neeg Kazakh nrog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos thiab nws cov nyiaj khaws cia. Kev qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 8, 1864. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhib qhov rooj rau thawj cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Tam sim lub Peb Hlis xyoo tas los, ib tug kws qhia ntawv hluas tau sau rau hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe: "Nrog tib lub siab uas tus hma tshaib plab tawm tsam yaj, kuv zoo siab tias kuv muaj sijhawm los qhia cov me nyuam Kazakh kom paub txog. Nws tsuas yog tau peb lub hlis xwb, thiab kuv cov tub ntxhais kawm twb tau txawj sau ntawv thiab nyeem ntawv. Kuv ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos lawv yuav koom nrog cov qeb ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub neej. Kuv vam tias kuv yuav muaj peev xwm tsim tau lawv cov neeg zoo tshaj plaws, xws li kev ncaj ncees, kev ncaj ncees, kev ncaj ncees."
haujlwm tswj hwm
Nyob rau hnub ntawd, qhov tseeb, niaj hnub no, muaj kev xav tau kev kawm txuj ci, kev tsim tus kheej zoo. Yog li ntawd, Altansarin feem ntau raug caw mus rau ntau txoj haujlwm hauv lub xeev apparatus. Xyoo 1868–1874 Nws ua hauj lwm ua ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv nroog, nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no xyoo nws tuav txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus kws txiav txim, deputy lub taub hau ntawm lub county, ua hauj lwm ntawm lub county tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv nws tsis tuaj, thiab soj ntsuam cov hauj lwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv.
Ua haujlwm lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kawm, Ibray Altynsarin nrhiav kev qhib cov tsev kawm ntawv tshiab hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm Nikolaevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Tsuas yog thaum xyoo 1884 yog cov tsev kawm ntawv tsim hauv Aktobe,Nikolaevsk, Irgiz, Yelets thiab Turgai fortresses. Ib me ntsis tom qab, nrog kev koom tes ncaj qha ntawm Altynsarin, lub tsev kawm haujlwm Turgai thiab Irgiz seminary tau tsim. Kev qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv Kazakh zoo rau cov ntxhais, uas tau txais thawj cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo 1887, yog qhov kev ua tiav tsis tau pom dua los ntawm tus kws qhia tshiab lub sijhawm ntawd.
Tsim kev kawm txujci hauv paus
Hais tias Ibray Altynsarin yog tus kws qhia ntawv zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog nws txoj kev pabcuam loj rau kev kawm hauv tebchaws. Ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm tus neeg zoo kawg li no, thawj phau ntawv hauv Kazakh lus thiab phau ntawv Lavxias rau Kazakh tsev kawm tau luam tawm. Altynsarin tau koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm lub teb chaws kev kawm hauv paus, thiab tus kheej sau thiab luam tawm ntau phau ntawv kev kawm.
Xyoo 1879, nws "kazakh nyeem ntawv" tau luam tawm, thiab kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd - ib phau ntawv nyeem rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv ua lus Kazakh hu ua "Maktubat". Tus kws qhia ntawv Peru yog tus tswv phau ntawv qhia txog kev qhia rau cov kws qhia "Pib Qhia Kev Qhia Txog Kev Qhia Kyrgyz Lavxias".
pab txhawb rau haiv neeg kab lis kev cai
Qee zaum cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm keeb kwm muaj lus nug: "Ibray Altynsarin yog tus sau ua haujlwm li cas?" Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntawm no tias Altynsarin tsis yog tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, thiab suav tias yog kev koom tes ntawm cov pej xeem hauv paus txawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm raws li lub lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tau sau tej hauj lwm scientific, coj nws cov txuj ci thiab kev txawj ntse los tsim cov phau ntawv rau cov me nyuam thiab cov hluas, ua hauj lwm pej xeem, txhais cov piv txwv zoo tshaj.ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv cov lus Kazakh.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm Ibray Altynsarin yog ntau lub tsev kawm tsim rau Kazakh cov menyuam yaus, ntau pua tus tub ntxhais kawm ua tsaug thiab ntau txhiab tus thwjtim ntawm nws txoj haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Altynsarin rau lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai yog tsim cov tsiaj ntawv raws li cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic, uas muab impetus rau kev loj hlob ntawm Kazakh sau ntawv.
Kev sau ntawv
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws qhia zoo yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntawv sau keeb kwm, kev txhais cov ntawv ntawm Lavxias thiab ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, tus sau paj huam, dab neeg, dab neeg. Lub niche loj yog nyob ntawm pej xeem cov dab neeg, ua tib zoo sau thiab ua tiav los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Ibrai Altynsarin tau suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm Kazakh cov ntawv nyeem rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Los ntawm nws kev siv zog, kev hais lus Kazakh lus tau txais cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no.
Tus Nyeem Ntawv rau Kazakh tsev kawm ntawv, tsim los ntawm Altynsarin, muaj cov dab neeg txhais lus los ntawm L. N. Tolstoy thiab K. Ushinsky, paj huam los ntawm A. Pushkin thiab M. Lermontov, thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm lwm cov lus Lavxias. Lub peev xwm ua kom pom kev ntawm Altynsarin tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai thiab sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg Kazakh.
Kev ua tsaug rau cov neeg kawm thiab cov xeeb ntxwv
Rau kev kawm, kev tshaj lij thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv zej zog, Ibrai Altynsarin tau rov qab muab khoom plig ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm hauv xeev. Niaj hnub no, lub npe ntawm tus tub zoo ntawm cov neeg Kazakh yog nqa los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, squares thiab txoj kev nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog thiab lub zos ntawm lub koom pheej. Kazakhstan.
Nyob hauv lub nroog Kostanay, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv thawj zaug uas tsim los ntawm Altynsarin, tau tsim ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Nyob rau hauv cov chav tsev ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem pom cov yeeb yuj nthuav tawm uas qhia txog huab cua ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Kev txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib yog cov duab puab, qhov twg, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, tus kws qhia zoo Ibray Altynsarin zaum zoo li tseem muaj sia nyob. Koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv sab hauv uas tau tsim dua tshiab ntawm nplooj ntawv no.
