Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich: keeb kwm portrait

Cov txheej txheem:

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich: keeb kwm portrait
Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich: keeb kwm portrait
Anonim

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich los ntawm 970 txog 988 yog tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Novgorod. Nyob rau hauv 978 nws tau tuav Kyiv thiab kav mus txog rau 1015. Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich, biography yog heev vividly piav nyob rau hauv lub annals, nqa tawm kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg dawb huv nws tau koob meej raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm cov thwj tim. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Orthodoxy, nyob rau hnub nco - Lub Xya hli ntuj 15, Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich revered.

vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich
vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich

keeb kwm portrait

Thaum ua kev cai raus dej, tus tub huabtais hu ua Vasily. Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv epics yog lub npe hu ua Dawb Huv, Liab Sun. Nws niam, raws li cov lus dab neeg, yog tus tu tsev Malusha, keeb kwm los ntawm lub nroog Lyubech. Raws li pagan kab lig kev cai, tus tub ntawm ib tug qhev yuav tau txais los ntawm nws txiv-prince. Lub xyoo tseeb uas Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich yug los tsis paub. Nws txiv tau yug los, raws li keeb kwm, xyoo 942. Tus tub hlob ntawm Vladimir, Vysheslav, yug nyob ib ncig ntawm 977. Raws li qhov no, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm qub muab lub xyoo yug ntawm Hnub Liab - 960.

Raws li Nestor's Tale, Vladimir yogtus tub hlob thib peb ntawm Svyatoslav tom qab Yaropolk thiab Oleg. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm qhov kev xav. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, nws yog tus tub thib ob, txij li ua ntej nws txiv mus rau Byzantium, nws tau txais lub rooj zaum tseem ceeb hauv Novgorod hauv 970. Thiab Oleg, nyob rau hauv lem, tseem nyob rau hauv lub Drevlyane av, qhov chaw ntawm uas yog Ovruch. Dobrynya tau raug xaiv los ua tus cob qhia rau Vladimir.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv domestic thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai
Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv domestic thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai

Nyob rau hauv Scandinavian dabneeg muaj ib zaj dab neeg nthuav txog yuav ua li cas Olaf kuv Tryggvason (tus huab tais Norwegian yav tom ntej) siv tag nrho nws cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas hauv thaj av Novgorod. Nws niam raug yuam kom khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg tua neeg ntawm nws tus txiv mus rau Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir (Valdemar). Sigurd, nws tus tij laug, ua haujlwm nrog nws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub sab Estonian ntes nws thiab nws tus menyuam. Sigurd tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sau se hauv lub tebchaws no. Los ntawm lub sijhawm, nws ntsib Olaf thiab txhiv nws. Tus tub raug coj mus rau Novgorod. Ntawm no nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Vladimir. Tom qab ntawd, Olaf tau txais mus rau hauv pab tub rog, qhov chaw nws tau nrov heev ntawm cov tub rog.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich: luv luv biography

Tom qab nws txiv tuag hauv 972, tus kwv Yaropolk tau los ua huab tais hauv Kyiv. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov kwv tij uas tseem tshuav hauv 977 tau pib ua tsov rog internecine. Oleg nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Yaropolk thaum lub sij hawm lub retreat yog crushed los ntawm ntog nees nyob rau hauv lub kwj dej. Vladimir tswj kom khiav mus rau Varangian thaj av. Yog li ntawd, Yaropolk pib kav tag nrho Russia. Lub caij no, Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich, ua ke nrog Dobrynya, tau sau ib pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Scandinavia. Nyob rau hauv 980, nws rov qab mus rau Novgorod thiab tsav tawm lub posadnik Yaropolk. Tom qab ntawd nws ntes Polotsk,mus rau sab ntawm Kyiv. Tib lub sijhawm, Ntxhais fuabtais Rogneda raug yuam ua nws tus poj niam.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich luv luv biography
Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich luv luv biography

YYaropolk lub sijhawm ntawd nkaum hauv Kyiv. Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich, ua ke nrog ib tug ncaj loj loj Varangian tub rog, mus rau lub phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog. Raws li keeb kwm ua tim khawv, tus tswv xeev ntawm Yaropolk raug nplua. Nws ntxias tus tub huabtais khiav mus rau lub nroog me Roden. Ntawm no Vladimir ntxias nws tus tij laug rau kev sib tham, uas ob tug Varangians "tso nws nyob rau hauv lawv bosoms nrog ntaj." Nws coj Yaropolk tus poj niam cev xeeb tub ua ib tug poj niam. Tom qab ib pliag, Vikings thov kom them nyiaj rau qhov kev pabcuam. Vladimir thawj zaug tau cog lus rau lawv tribute, tab sis tom qab ntawd tsis kam. Nws xa ib feem ntawm cov tub rog mus rau Constantinople, qhia tus huab tais ntawm Byzantium kom tawg nws mus rau ntau qhov chaw. Vladimir khaws qee tus Scandinavians nrog nws.

Pagan rule

Vladimir tau tsim lub tuam tsev hauv Kyiv, qhov chaw cov mlom ntawm 6 tus vajtswv tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa: Perun, Mokosh, Stribog, Khors, Dazhdbog, Semargl. Muaj pov thawj tias tus tub huabtais ua kev txi rau tib neeg, zoo li Scandinavians. Tus tub huabtais yav dhau los Yaropolk tau tsim kev sib txuas nrog Latin West thiab xav txog kev ntseeg. Los ntawm qhov no, cov kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias kev tawm tsam tawm tsam yav dhau los kev ntseeg Orthodox hauv Kyiv yog qhov laj thawj heev. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim txom, Vikings Ivan thiab Fedor, ib tug ntawm cov thawj martyrs nyob rau hauv Russia, tuag.

Baptism

Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm muaj ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm "kev xaiv ntawm kev ntseeg" los ntawm Vladimir. Nws hu cov xibhwb ntawm Judaism, Islam, Catholicism mus rau lub tsev hais plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab tham nrog "Greek philosopher", nwstxiav txim siab hloov siab los ntseeg. Raws li keeb kwm, nyob rau hauv 987, nyob rau hauv lub boyar council, tus huab tais txiav txim siab rau kev cai raus dej. Raws li Orthodox qhov chaw ua tim khawv, Vladimir tau tso tag nrho cov poj niam pagan los ntawm kev ua txij ua nkawm. Rogneda tau xaiv ib tug txiv, tab sis nws tsis kam, noj monastic vows.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich keeb kwm portrait
Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich keeb kwm portrait

Hauv 988, tus huab tais tau ntes Korsun, thov Anna ua nws tus poj niam, tus muam ntawm Byzantine huab tais Constantine VIII thiab Basil II. Cov thawj coj, ntshai tsam kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Vladimir cov tub rog, pom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov huab tais tau thov kom nws ua kev cai raus dej kom Anna yuav nrog cov ntseeg. Tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Vladimir, lawv xa tus muam nrog cov pov thawj mus rau Korsun. Tus tub huabtais thiab nws pab tub rog tag nrho tau ua lub koob tsheej, tom qab ntawd ua kev sib yuav.

Christianization hauv Russia

Tom qab ntawd, Vladimir rov qab mus rau Kyiv thiab hais kom tshem tag nrho cov mlom tam sim ntawd. Ib qhov chaw ua ntej qhia tias tus tub huabtais kev cai raus dej tau tshwm sim hauv 988, thiab nws coj Korsun peb xyoos tom qab, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib thov ib tug poj niam los ntawm huab tais ntawm Byzantium. Nyob rau hauv Kyiv, kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov neeg mus rau txoj kev ntseeg tshiab tau tshwm sim kuj nyob ntsiag to. Hauv Novgorod, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev cai raus dej tau ua los ntawm Dobrynya. Kev saws me nyuam txoj kev ntseeg tshiab tau nrog rau ntawm no los ntawm kev tawm tsam nrov, uas tau raug quab yuam. Rostov-Suzdal thaj av yog ib qho kev ywj pheej vim nws nyob deb. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, paganism dominated no mus txog rau thaum lub XII caug xyoo.

Military campaigns

Dab tsi ua rau Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nto moo? Internal thiabTxoj cai txawv teb chaws ntawm tus tub huabtais yog tsom rau kev kov yeej cov neeg nyob ze thiab koom nrog lawv thaj chaw rau Ancient Russia. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov phiaj xwm tau ua tiav zoo thiab tso cai kom nthuav dav ciam teb ntawm lub xeev. Yog li, hauv 981 (raws li lwm qhov chaw hauv 979) nws tau tawm tsam nrog Mieszko I, tus kav tebchaws Polish. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, Vladimir ntes Przemysl thiab Cherven. Nyob rau hauv 981-982. tus tub huabtais annexed thaj chaw ntawm lub Vyatichi. Nyob rau hauv 983, Vladimir tau tsim nws tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Sudovia, subduing pawg neeg Yotvingian. Qhov no qhib txoj kev rau Russia mus rau lub B altic.

vladimir 1 svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv epics yog hu ua
vladimir 1 svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv epics yog hu ua

Hauv 984, tus huab tais tau kov yeej Radimichi tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 985 Vladimir sib ntaus sib tua ua ke nrog cov nomadic Torks tawm tsam Bulgarians. Yog li ntawd, kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau Russia tau xaus. Xyoo 988, lub nroog Korsun raug ntes. Raws li cov peev txheej, lub nroog tau poob tom qab kev tawm tsam ntev, thaum cov tub rog tau khawb cov kav dej nrog dej los ntawm qhov dej. Nyob rau hauv 991, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv lub Carpathian av, lawv tau koom nyob rau hauv Russia. Hauv 1000, 6,000 tus tub rog tau koom nrog Byzantine tawm tsam Armenia. Thaum lub sijhawm nws kav, Vladimir muaj peev xwm xaus tau ntau qhov kev pom zoo nrog Poland, Byzantium, Hungary, thiab Czech koom pheej.

Pechenegs

Lawv raids tsim teeb meem tas li rau tus huab tais. Nyob rau hauv 996, kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau tshwm sim nyob ze Vasilev. Xyoo 997, Pechenegs tawm tsam Kyiv. Nyob rau hauv 1001 thiab 1013 muaj ib tug loj Polish-Pecheneg ntxeem tau. Ib puas xyoo tom qab, nco txog cov xwm txheej no tau coj los ua ib qho kev ua yeeb yam pej xeem. Yog li, piv txwv li, muaj lus dab neeg txog Nikita Kozhemyak,Belgorod kissel, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv Pechenegs, ob peb lub fortresss tau tsim nyob rau yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm Russia. Raws li cov ciam teb sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb, sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm Dnieper, kab ntawm cov chaw tawm thiab cov av av tau raug tshem tawm.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv epics yog paub los ntawm lub npe
Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv epics yog paub los ntawm lub npe

In 1006-1007. Bruno ntawm Querfurt (ib tug tub txib German) tau taug kev hla Kyiv. Nws mus rau Pechenegs mus tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo. Vladimir, hosting nws, sim dissuade nws los ntawm qhov kev mus txawv tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tus tub huabtais ua tsis tau kom ntseeg tus tub txib. Tom qab ntawd Vladimir tau tuaj yeem pab txhawb nqa nws nrog nws cov nyiaj rov qab mus rau ciam teb. Ntawm no Bruno pom ib tug palisade, qhov ntev yog hais txog 800 km.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich nyob rau hauv epics yog hu ua "lub zoo libertine". Qhov no kuj muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Timar ntawm Merseburg (German chronicler). Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tub huabtais tau nyob hauv ntau txoj kev sib yuav pagan. Ntawm nws cov poj niam yog Rogneda, "Chekhina" (raws li qee cov pov thawj, Vladimir xav tau lub koom haum no los tawm tsam Yaropolk), "Bulgarian" (nws tsis paub tias tus poj niam yog los ntawm Danube lossis Volga). Raws li ib qhov chaw, Gleb thiab Boris yog cov tub ntawm tom kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, Vladimir muaj ib tug poj ntsuam cev xeeb tub ntawm Yaropolk, uas raug nyiag thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm nws campaigns, raws li nws concubines. Tom qab ib pliag, nws yug tau Svyatopolk - ib tug tub "los ntawm ob leej txiv." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Vladimir suav hais tias nws yog nws tus qub txeeg qub teg. Svyatopolk nws tus kheej lees paub Yaropolk ua leej txiv. Nws suav hais tias Vladimir yog ib tug usurper.

vladimir 1 svyatoslavovich yees duab
vladimir 1 svyatoslavovich yees duab

Tom qab kev saws los ntawm kev ntseeg, tus huab tais, xav tias, tau nyob hauv ob txoj kev sib yuav Christian ntxiv. Thawj yog nrog Anna, tus ntxhais huabtais Byzantine. Nws tuag hauv 1011. Tom qab nws tuag, muaj lwm tus poj niam, tsis paub "paj niam ntawm Yaroslav". Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Vladimir muaj 13 tus tub thiab tsawg kawg yog 10 tus ntxhais.

Images of the Prince

Txij li 988, daim nyiaj thiab kub npib tau minted, uas Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich tau piav qhia. Daim duab ntawm tus tub huabtais tseem nyob ntawm plaub qhov sib txawv Ukrainian 1 hryvnia banknotes. (1995-2007). Nws cov duab yog siv rau npib ntawm 1 thiab 10 UAH. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov duab tau siv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet npib commemorative npib ntawm 100 rubles. Nws tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv 1988 nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm 1000th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab coinage. Daim duab ntawm tus tub huabtais muaj nyob rau ntawm qee lub hnab ntawv xa ntawv thiab cov nyiaj muas.

Pom zoo: