Lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev kawm qib siab tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua yim hauv Tunisia. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog lub tsev kawm siab dua ntawm al-Zaytuna. Tau mus txoj kev ntev heev, lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ua haujlwm niaj hnub no. Cov npe ntawm cov tsev kawm qub tshaj plaws kuj suav nrog cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws Ltalis, Morocco, Cairo.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv qub tshaj plaws txij li 732 txog 1088
Cov tsev kawm qib siab qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem hu ua kaum ob lub tsev kawm ntawv uas pib ua ntej xyoo pua kaum tsib. tsib ntawm lawv yog:
- Al-Zaytuna University. Lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau tshwm sim hauv 732. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua kev nyab xeeb yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb. Muaj nyob rau hnub no hauv Tunisia.
- Constantinople University. Nyob rau hauv 855 los yog 856. Lub hauv paus rau nws tsim yog lub tsev kawm ntawv ua ntej, tsim rov qab rau lub sijhawm ntawm Theodosius II. Feem ntau hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm nws hu ua Magnavra Higher School.
- Al-Karaween lub koom haum. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Moroccan ntawm kev kawm qib siab, nrhiav tau hauv 859 los ntawm cov tub lag luam muaj nyiaj Fatima al-Fihri.
- Al-Azhar University yog lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb tsis yog los ntawm lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev muaj sia nyob, tab sis kuj los ntawm nws lub koob meej. Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Fatimids hauv 970.
- Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Bologna yog tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe uas tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua txij li nws lub hauv paus. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1088 thiab yog tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb ntawm Islamic Al-Qarawiyn.
Al-Zaytuna Higher Educational Institution
Lub tsev kawm ntawv qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tseem muaj hnub no. Rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm ib tug kev cai dab qhuas tsev kawm ntawv teej tug mus rau lub al-Zaytuna mosque. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev ntseeg Islamic.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no tshwm sim tsis ntev dhau los - xyoo 1956. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov kev tshwm sim yog kev ywj pheej ntawm Tunisia. Tsib xyoos tom qab, al-Zaytuna University tau hloov dua siab tshiab. Nws tau hloov mus rau hauv theological kws qhia ntawv ntawm University of Tunis. Yog li ntawd, lub tsev kawm hauv nroog loj tau nqus cov tsev kawm qub tshaj plaws. Kev txhawb siab thiab kev ua tiav ntawm lub qub al-Zaytoun University tau tshwm sim hauv 2012. Tam sim no nws muaj kev vam meej nrog rau lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Tunisia.
Tshaj tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub neej, lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau tsim ntau tus neeg nto moo. Ntawm lawv yog Arab philosopher Ibn Khaldun thiab Tunisian kws sau paj lug Abu-l-Qasim al-Shabbi.
Constantinople University
Ua ntej tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab no, tshuaj, kev cai lij choj, lus hais thiab kev xav tau qhia ntawm no. Thawj tus rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yog ib tus tsim thiab tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Lev Mathematician. Lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Mangavrsky Palace, yog li nws lub npe thib ob tau tshwm sim. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Mangavra yog los cob qhia cov tub ceev xwm, cov thawj coj tub rog thiab cov neeg sawv cev hauv kev lej, geometry, astronomy, suab paj nruag, rhetoric, qauv sau ntawv thiab kev xav.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv lub neej tau xaus nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Constantinople. Nws yog cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no uas tau kawm cov ntawv sau thaum ub ntawm Aristotle thiab Plato, thiab nws yog lawv txoj kev siv zog uas cov pov thawj ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau rov qab los thiab pom. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv kev kawm ntawm University of Constantinople tsim lub hauv paus zoo rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Western Europe.
Al-Karaween Institute
Tam sim no, lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau suav tias yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv Islamic thiab kev kawm. Nws nyob ntawm no hais tias cov neeg uas ua ib tug loj pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Muslim kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no theem tau txais lawv txoj kev kawm. Raws li Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv, Al-Karaouine lub koom haum yog lub tsev kawm qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb uas txuas ntxiv qhia kev xyaum mus rau niaj hnub no. Txog xyoo 1947, kev kawm tau muab rau ntawm no, txawv me ntsis ntawm lub tswv yim tam sim no. Muaj ib qho kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia tus kheej. Thaum kawm tiav cov chav kawm, cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis yogtso tawm. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab xyoo 1947, lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau pib ua haujlwm raws li kev lees paub nyob sab Europe. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm lub koom haum yog:
- kev ntseeg Islamic sciences;
- cheeb tsam raug cai;
- kab lis kev cai thiab qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus Arabic;
- Malikit madhhab;
- hom lus txawv teb chaws - Fabkis thiab Askiv.
Qhia nyeem los ntawm Sheikh. Cov tub ntxhais kawm zaum ntawm nws xub ntiag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug semicircle. Tom qab nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, nws piav qhia cov ntsiab lus nyuaj thiab teb cov lus nug uas tau tshwm sim.
Al-Azhar Higher Educational Institution
Thaum thawj theem, cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Shiism tau muab rau ntawm no. Xyoo 988, Al-Azhar University tau hloov pauv loj. Los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau qhia rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab ib pab tub ntxhais kawm raug xaiv. Txij li thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Cairo, cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau nkag mus rau nws.
Thaum xub thawj, cov txheej txheem kev kawm tau ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze, tab sis muaj coob tus neeg tuaj xyuas cov tub ntxhais kawm yuam kom lawv txuas cov tsev nyob rau lub lag luam no. Twb tau nyob rau hnub ntawd, cov tub ntxhais kawm rau kev ua tiav zoo tuaj yeem thov rau cov nyiaj pabcuam. Tsis tas li, kev coj noj coj ua feem ntau tau caw cov kws tshaj lij los hloov kev paub.
Txij li xyoo 1961, cuaj lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua haujlwm ntawm Al-Azhar University. Ntawm lawv yog kev ua liaj ua teb, tshuaj, pedagogy thiab lwm yam. Ib tug kws qhia ntawv cais sawv tawm rau cov poj niam. Cov poj niam tau qhia txog tib neeg, tshuaj, kev lag luam, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm Islamic kab lis kev cai thiablus hauv zos. Lawv kuj ntiav cov xib hwb poj niam xwb.
Tsis tshua muaj cov ntawv sau ntawm Arabic tau khaws cia hauv thaj chaw ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Cov neeg Iyiv thiab cov neeg txawv teb chaws muaj lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nto moo no dawb. Nws yog txaus los muab kev xa mus los ntawm imam thiab ua tiav tag nrho cov kev xeem nkag.
Institute of Higher Education of Bologna
Txij li thawj hnub ntawm nws lub neej, University of Bologna tau ua ib lub koom haum ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog cov tub ntxhais kawm uas txiav txim siab kawm yam twg thiab tus kws qhia ntawv yuav ua haujlwm nrog. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ntawm no ib txwm yog kev cai lij choj. Nws nyob ntawm no tias nyob rau hauv lub kaum ob thiab kaum peb centuries xws li nto moo glossators li Placentino, Burgundio, Roger thiab lwm yam lectured.
Hnub no nws ntseeg tias nws yog University of Bologna uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm European kev kawm. Ntawm no thiab tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib feem ntawm ntau lub koom haum hauv tsev kawm ntawv, suav nrog Coimbra Group thiab Utrecht Network.
