Txawm hais tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis tu ncua txog lub sijhawm tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub, muaj ntau lossis tsawg tau pom zoo raws li cov npe, uas suav nrog cov nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb uas lub neej txuas ntxiv mus thiab tam sim no nyob.
Ib tug qub
Tshaj tawm daim ntawv teev npe ntawm lub nroog Yelikhau, tsis tau hais ib zaug hauv phau Vajlugkub los ntawm lub npe "lub nroog ntawm xibtes", txawm hais tias lub npe txhais los ntawm Henplais ua "lub nroog ntawm lub hli". Cov neeg sau keeb kwm ntaus nqi hnub ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim raws li kev sib hais haum rau xyoo pua 7th xyoo BC, txawm hais tias qee qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw nyob rov qab mus rau 9th. Ntawd yog, tib neeg nyob ntawm no thaum lub sijhawm Chalcolithic lossis ua ntej Ceramic Neolithic. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog Yelikhau tau nyob rau hauv lub warpath txij thaum immemorial, dua nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub muaj ib tug piav qhia txog lub capture ntawm lub nroog. Nws hla dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes, lub sijhawm kawg tshwm sim hauv 1993, thaum Yericho mus rau Palestine. Rov ua duatau ntau txhiab xyoo, cov neeg nyob hauv tau tso tseg, tab sis ib txwm rov qab los thiab rov tsim dua. Tam sim no nyob ntawm 10 km ntawm Hiav Txwv Tuag, lub nroog Yelikhau tau nkag mus los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, vim nws muaj qhov pom kev nplua nuj (piv txwv li, muaj vajntxwv Helauj). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no kuj yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov nws yog, yog li hais, qhov sib sib zog nqus tob tshaj plaws, raws li nws nyob ntawm 240 meters hauv qab dej hiav txwv.
leej twg laus
Thib ob (qee zaum sib tw kev sib tw) ntawm cov npe "Lub nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb" yog Damascus, lub nroog ntawm Syria niaj hnub. Nws keeb kwm kuj tseem muaj hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ua ntej, tab sis nws dhau los ua lub nroog loj tom qab Aramaic ntxeem tau, rov qab mus rau 1400 BC. Ib lub nroog ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Middle East, nws yog tag nrho ntawm cov attractions. Dab tsi tsim nyog tsuas yog Umayyad Mosque, suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas yog lub tsev ntawm Yauhas tus Cwj Pwm lub taub hau. Lub nroog ntawd thaum ub heev uas nws ntseeg hais tias thawj phab ntsa ua rau lub ntiaj teb tom qab dej nyab yog lub phab ntsa Damascus. Lub nroog qub, uas tsis tau hloov nws lub ntsej muag rau ntau centuries, kuj yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ib phab ntsa, tab sis nws tau tsim tsa thaum lub sij hawm Ancient Rome.
Tseem qub tshaj plaws
Lebanese phau Vajlugkub. Needless hais, hauv qee cov npe nws tau muab qhov thib ob, thiab txawm tias thawj tus neeg laus. Peb lub nroog no tau tshwm sim ntev ua ntej Hnub Nyoog Kawg, tab sis txij thaum ntawd los lawv tau nyob tsis tu ncua. Byblos yog nyob rau hauv suburbs ntawm Beirut. Lub npe ntawm lub nroog qhia tau hais tias nws yog ib lub nroog biblical thiab hu ua Gebal. Phoenician kev sib haum xeeb, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nws yog qhov chaw ntawm papyrus luam, thiab tam sim no nws yog ib tug zoo-paub neeg mus ncig tebchaws attraction. Nws yog qhov nthuav nyob rau hauv uas ib tug me me ntawm inscriptions pom nyob rau hauv ancient artifacts tseem tsis tau deciphered, vim hais tias hom ntawm proto-biblical sau no tsis muaj chaw. Muaj txog 100 cim, tab sis muaj ob peb inscriptions. Hnub uas tshwm sim ntawm lub nroog tom ntej ntawm Susa yog kev sib cav, nrog rau lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm niaj hnub Syria Aleppo - ib tug neeg ntseeg tias cov nroog no twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th BC, ib tug neeg tsis.
Kawg nyob rau hauv cov npe "kawg"
Hnub yug ntawm lub nroog tom ntej hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 4th BC. Tsis yog tag nrho cov npe feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv lub npe "Ancient nroog ntawm lub ntiaj teb no" hais txog lub Crimean Feodosia, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog nws uas tau suav hais tias yog lub "lub nroog nyob mus ib txhis", txij li thaum nws tau tsim, raws li ib co qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv Russia. 6 xyoo pua BC thiab hu ua Ardabra.
Kaum qhov kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub suav nrog xws li kev sib haum xeeb xws li Lebanese Sidon (4 txhiab BC). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Egyptian Faiyum (Greek Crocodilefield) thiab Bulgarian Plovdiv hnub rov qab los rau tib lub sijhawm. Turkish Gaziantep thiab Lebanese peev Beirut yog ob peb centuries yau. Ntxiv rau ntawm cov npe, cov nroog hauv qab no feem ntau hais txog: Yeluxalees, Tire, Erbil, Kirkuk, Jaffa. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau sawv ntau centuries ua ntej peb chronology thiab belongs rau "feem ntau ancient".
tus hlob tshaj plaws hauv Russia
Nyob hauv ntauCov npe hu ua "Ancient nroog ntawm lub ntiaj teb" tsis suav nrog Derbent, Zurich, lossis Ningbo, txawm hais tias lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog 6,000 xyoo keeb kwm tom qab lawv. Yog li, Derbent (los ntawm Arabic Bab-al-Abwab - nws lub npe - txhais ua "Lub rooj vag ntawm lub rooj vag" los yog "Lub rooj vag loj"), raws li qee qhov chaw, twb yog kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th BC. Lub nroog sab qab teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation twb muaj nyob rau hauv Bronze Age. Txhais los ntawm Persian, nws lub npe suab zoo li "Closed (txuas) rooj vag" (lus "Gate Knot"). Nws nyob hauv isthmus ntawm Caucasus Range thiab sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian. Qhov kev sib haum xeeb thaum ub no yeej ib txwm yog lub qhov rooj rau cov neeg taug kev los ntawm Tebchaws Europe mus rau Asia.
Tseem "tus hlob"
Rau cov neeg feem coob, lub tswv yim ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thaum ub muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tim Nkij teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, Swiss Zurich laus dua. Thawj qhov chaw nyob ntawm nws thaj chaw tau tshwm sim hauv 4430-4230 BC, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 5th.
Zoo dua rau peb qhov kev suav, nws tau kov yeej los ntawm Celts, tom qab ntawd kev sib haum xeeb tau los ua ib feem ntawm Roman Empire, thiab lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb tau hais los ntawm lub npe Turikum. Tuam Tshoj lub nroog Ningbo, uas yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau Hemudu kab lis kev cai uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 5th BC, raws li ib co nqe lus, twb twb nyob rau hauv lub Neolithic era. Archaeology tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab cov npe ntawm cov nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yuav suav nrog cov npe tshiab.
Zoo rau peb suav daws
List "Ancient nroogntawm lub ntiaj teb no" dav dua li "Ancient", vim hais tias muaj ntau yam kev vam meej nyob rau xyoo pua 2nd BC. Qhov chaw ntawm cov kev sib haum xeeb uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov centuries mus dhau lub Middle East. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov no feem ntau yog lub nroog ntawm Ancient Greece thiab Ancient Rome. Athens yog cov npe ntawm "Permanently Inhabited Cities of the Ancient World" hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov ntawv sau txog lub nroog-xeev no kuj pib nrog cov lus hais tias cov chaw no tau nyob hauv Neolithic era. Tab sis Athens tau piav qhia meej, pib los ntawm lub sijhawm Helladic lig, uas yog, los ntawm 1700-1200 BC. Lub hnub nyoog kub rau txoj cai muaj zog no pib nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 1st, thaum lub sij hawm kav Pericles. Lub legendary monuments, paub rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, uas yog heev zoo kawm thiab piav los ntawm ancient Greek classics. Xws li cov pov thawj keeb kwm xws li cov hauj lwm ntawm Bacchelides, Hyperides, Menander thiab Herodes sau rau ntawm papyri tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Cov hauj lwm tom qab, cov neeg sau ntawv Greek uas muaj npe nrov hauv ntiaj teb tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm qhov nrov "Myths and Legends" los ntawm N. Kuhn. Ancient Greek philosophy, science, culture yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub niaj hnub no.
Cov npe ntawm cov nroog qub hauv ntiaj teb yog cov npe dav heev, siv ntau dua ib nplooj ntawv, vim tias lub sijhawm Antiquity xaus rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, muaj hnub tshwj xeeb - 476 AD, qhia txog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Western Roman faj tim teb chaws. Lub sijhawm no tau kawm zoo, thiab muaj ntau lub nroog tau sau tseg.
Yog li ntawd, los ntawm tag nrho cov npe loj, muaj ntau qhov kev sib haum xeeb paub rau txhua tus neeg. Nws tseem yuav suav nrog cov nroog uas tau ploj mus los ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis tseem nyob hauv cov pov thawj keeb kwm lossis hauv kev nco txog lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov no suav nrog cov nroog loj hauv ntiaj teb Ancient xws li Babylon thiab Palmyra, Pompeii thiab Thebes, Chichen Itza thiab Ur, Pergamon thiab Cusco, Greek Knossos thiab Mycenae, ntau lub nroog ntawm Asia thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Cov paub tsis meej ntawm cov ruins ntawm cov nroog no tseem tsis tau daws. Piv txwv li, lub Angkor mysterious, ploj nyob rau hauv lub zoov nuj txeeg, yog lub plawv pob zeb ntawm Cambodia, rediscovered rau lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, txawm hais tias nws keeb kwm rov qab mus rau lub thib ob xyoo pua AD. Los yog nyob rau saum lub roob, nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2450 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem, tsis muaj tsawg mysterious Machu Picchu. "Lub nroog saum ntuj ceeb tsheej" no nyob hauv Peru.
Nyob hauv nroog
Lub nroog qub ntawm Demre piv nrog cov chaw nyob saum toj no tsuas yog hluas. Thawj qhov hais txog nws hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 5 (tsis yog xyoo txhiab) BC. Tab sis lub nroog no yog ib zaj dab neeg. Paub nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm li Mira, nws yog nto moo tsis tau tsuas yog rau nws extraordinary architectural monuments, tab sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov rau lub fact tias Saint Nicholas kawm, nyob thiab ua nto moo nyob rau hauv no, nws kuj yog Nicholas lub Pleasant, Wonderworker, nws kuj yog neeg dawb huv. Nicholas thiab Santa Claus. Cov kev lig kev cai zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev muab khoom plig Xyoo Tshiab tuaj ntawm lub nroog no. Tus thawj yog St. Nicholas, thawj tus Npis Sov ntawm Mira. Lub nroog qub ntawm Demre yog qhov chaw nyiam mus ncig ua si.
Txoj kev Demre-Mira-Kekova yog qhov xav tau siab. ATLub nroog tau khaws cia ib tug zoo nkauj ancient Roman theatre, qhov loj ntawm uas tso cai rau ib tug los txiav txim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no loj seaside chaw nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Kekova yog ib kob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau qhov tseeb tias nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv yog ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm av qeeg. Lub nroog niaj hnub no ntawm Demre, uas yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib lub npe hauv Turkey, zoo heev.
Lub nroog thaum ub hauv ntiaj teb no yog qhov tsis meej thiab zoo nkauj. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws yog raws li nram no: Byblos, Yericho thiab Aleppo, ua raws li Susa, Damascus, El Faiyum thiab Plovdiv. Nws yuav yog qhov ncaj ncees los qhia Derbent thiab Zurich, "lub nroog nyob mus ib txhis" ntawm Rome, nrog rau ntau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub (Ningbo, Changsha, Changzhou thiab lwm yam).
Povlauj Npanpiloo, Palmyra, Pompeii, Ur thiab Mycenae ua tiav qhov no ntau dua li cov npe ntawm cov nroog qub qub. Ancient Persian Persipolis boasts tshwj xeeb sights. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm nws yog lub peev ntawm Achaemenid Empire, uas tau tsim ib lub xeev loj nyob rau hauv lub 6th-5th centuries BC, tom qab kov yeej Alexander lub Great. Txhua lub nroog qub yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov dab neeg, uas yog qhov txaus nyiam heev kom paub txog.
