Ancient Egypt: cov cim thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus

Cov txheej txheem:

Ancient Egypt: cov cim thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus
Ancient Egypt: cov cim thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus
Anonim

Ib qho ntawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb, kab lis kev cai uas tau tso nws lub cim rau tag nrho kev vam meej - Ancient Egypt. Cov cim ntawm kab lis kev cai no tseem tab tom kawm, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab txog kev vam meej loj no. Nws tau nyob kwv yees li ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub xeev niaj hnub ntawm tib lub npe nyob rau sab qaum teb Africa.

History of Egyptian Symbols

Ancient Egypt cov cim
Ancient Egypt cov cim

Mythology yog cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb uas Ancient Egypt muaj npe nrov rau. Cov cim ntawm cov vajtswv, tsiaj txhu thiab cov xwm txheej ntuj yog qhov txaus siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los taug qab txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim mythology.

Sau qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tuaj tom qab. Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb yog lub zog loj ntawm ntuj tsim rau cov neeg Iyiv. Tib yam yog pom nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm tej lub xeev ancient. Cov neeg uas nyob ua ntej peb lub sijhawm sim piav qhia rau lawv tus kheej tias vim li cas lub hnub sawv txhua hnub, Nile hla nws cov ntug dej txhua xyoo, thiab xob quaj thiab xob laim los ntawm qee lub sijhawm los ntawm lawv lub taub hau. Yog li ntawd, tej yam tshwm sim ntuj tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog qhov pib los saum ntuj los. Nov yog cov cim ntawm lub neej, kab lis kev cai, lub zog tshwm sim.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tib neeg tau sau tseg tias cov vajtswv yeej tsis zoo rau lawv. Nile tuaj yeem hlaqis, ua rau lub xyoo lean thiab kev tshaib kev nqhis tom qab. Hauv qhov no, cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau ntseeg tias lawv tau npau taws rau cov vajtswv thiab nrhiav kev txaus siab rau lawv txhua txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob muaj qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws rau xyoo tom ntej. Tag nrho cov no tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj rau lub tebchaws xws li Ancient Egypt. Cov cim thiab cov cim qhia tau pab kom nkag siab qhov tseeb ntawm ib puag ncig.

Symbols of power

Cov thawj kav tebchaws Iziv thaum ub hu lawv tus kheej ua vajntxwv. Falaus suav hais tias yog vajntxwv zoo li vajntxwv, nws tau pe hawm nws lub neej, thiab tom qab nws tuag nws raug muab faus rau hauv qhov ntxa loj, ntau tus uas muaj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.

Cov cim ntawm lub hwj chim hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub yog lub hwj txwv kub, ib tug neeg ua haujlwm thiab lub kaus mom. Thaum lub sijhawm yug los ntawm lub xeev Iyiv, thaum lub tebchaws ntawm Upper thiab Lower Nile tseem tsis tau koom ua ke, tus kav ntawm lawv txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej lub kaus mom thiab cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hwj chim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub crown ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Upper Egypt yog dawb thiab kuj muaj cov duab ntawm tus pin. Nyob rau hauv Lower Egypt, tus vaj ntxwv hnav lub kaus mom liab zoo li lub kaus mom saum toj kawg nkaus. Falau cov txivneej ua kom lub tebchaws Iziv koom ua ke. Tom qab ntawd, cov yas, qhov tseeb, tau muab tso ua ke, ntxig ib qho rau hauv lwm qhov, thaum khaws lawv cov xim.

Ob lub kaus mom hu ua pshent yog cov cim ntawm lub zog hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub uas tau muaj sia nyob tau ntau xyoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua lub crown ntawm tus kav ntawm Upper thiab Lower Egypt muaj nws lub npe. Tus dawb hu ua atef, liab hu ua hedge.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Iziv ncig lawv tus kheej nrog cov khoom kim heev uas tsis tau muaj dua. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tau suav hais tias yog cov tub ntawm lub hnub zoo tshaj plaws vajtswv Ra. Yog li ntawd, cov cim ntawm pharaohs ntawm ancient Egypt yog yooj yimntaus lub tswv yim. Ntxiv nrog rau cov uas tau teev tseg, nws kuj yog ib qho hoop uas tus nab ureus tau piav qhia. Nws nto moo rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws tom inevitably coj mus rau instant tuag. Daim duab ntawm tus nab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus pharaoh, lub taub hau yog raws nraim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Feem ntau, nab yog cov cim nrov tshaj plaws ntawm vaj ntxwv lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt. Lawv tau piav qhia tsis yog ntawm lub taub hau xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm lub kaus mom, tub rog kaus mom hlau thiab txawm siv txoj siv. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, lawv tau nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm kub, pob zeb zoo nkauj thiab cov xim enamel.

Symbols of vajtswv

Ancient Egypt cov cim thiab cov cim
Ancient Egypt cov cim thiab cov cim

Vajtswv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub xeev zoo li Ancient Egypt. Cov cim cuam tshuam nrog lawv tau cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej thiab kev muaj tiag nyob ib puag ncig. Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv teev cov divine beings yog loj. Ntxiv nrog rau cov vajtswv, nws suav nrog vajtswv poj niam, dab, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tseeb.

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg Iyiv tseem ceeb - Amon. Hauv tebchaws Iziv tebchaws, nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm pantheon. Nws tau ntseeg tias txhua tus neeg, lwm tus vajtswv thiab txhua yam koom ua ke hauv nws. Nws lub cim yog lub kaus mom nrog ob lub siab tis los yog duab nrog lub hnub ci disk, vim nws tau suav hais tias yog tus vaj tswv ntawm lub hnub thiab txhua qhov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv ancient Egyptian qhov ntxa, muaj cov duab ntawm Amun, uas nws tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug yaj los yog ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug ram lub taub hau.

Lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg no tau coj los ntawm Anubis. Nws kuj raug suav hais tias yog tus saib xyuas ntawm necropolises - hauv av toj ntxas thiab crypts, thiab tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm embalming - ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb uas tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm rotting, tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm faus tag nrho.pharaohs.

Cov cim ntawm cov vajtswv ntawm Ancient Egypt feem ntau txaus ntshai heev. Anubis tau ua ib txwm ua nrog lub taub hau ntawm tus dev los yog jackal nrog lub dab tshos liab hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub caj dab. Nws cov cwj pwm tsis hloov pauv tau yog tus ankh - tus ntoo khaub lig crowned nrog ib lub nplhaib, cim txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis, yog - tus pas nrig uas lub hwj chim kho ntawm tus dab hauv av tau khaws cia.

Tab sis kuj muaj ntau tus neeg zoo siab thiab siab zoo. Piv txwv li, Bast lossis Bastet. Qhov no yog tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev lom zem, feminine kev zoo nkauj thiab kev hlub, uas tau piav qhia tias yog miv los yog lioness nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zaum. Nws kuj yog lub luag hauj lwm rau fertile thiab fruitful xyoo thiab yuav pab tsim kom muaj tsev neeg lub neej. Cov cim ntawm cov vajtswv ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws cuam tshuam nrog Bast yog lub tuam tsev rattle hu ua sistrum, thiab ib qho aegis yog lub cape tej yam yees siv.

Symbols of kho

Nrog kev saib xyuas zoo hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub tau kho cov kev kho mob. Tus vajtswv poj niam Isis yog lub luag haujlwm rau txoj hmoo thiab lub neej, nws kuj tau suav hais tias yog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov kws kho mob. Muab khoom pub rau nws los tiv thaiv menyuam mos.

Lub cim ntawm kev kho mob hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub yog nyuj horns, uas lub hnub tau tuav. Qhov no yog li cas tus vajtswv poj niam Isis tau piav qhia ntau zaus (qee zaum kuj yog tus poj niam tis nrog tus nyuj taub hau).

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev thiab tus ntoo khaub lig tau suav tias yog nws tus cwj pwm tsis sib xws.

Symbol of life

cov cim ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt
cov cim ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt

Ankh lossis Coptic ntoo khaub lig - lub cim ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Egypt thaum ub. Nws tseem hu ua Egyptian hieroglyph, rau lawv nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb.

Nws tseem hu ua tus yuam sij ntawm lub neej lossis Iyivntoo khaub lig. Ankh yog tus cwj pwm ntawm ntau tus neeg Iyiv deities, uas lawv tau piav qhia ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov pyramids thiab papyri. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau raug muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntxa nrog cov pharaohs, uas txhais tau hais tias tus kav yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom nws tus ntsuj plig nyob hauv lub neej tom qab.

Txawm hais tias ntau tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog lub cim ntawm ankh nrog lub neej, tseem tsis muaj kev pom zoo rau qhov teeb meem no. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kev tsis txawj tuag lossis kev txawj ntse, thiab tseem hais tias nws yog hom kev tiv thaiv.

Ankh nyiam qhov chaw uas tsis tau muaj dua los hauv lub xeev xws li Ancient Egypt. Cov cim qhia txog nws tau siv rau phab ntsa ntawm cov tuam tsev, amulets, txhua yam kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Feem ntau hauv cov duab kos, nws tau tuav ntawm tes ntawm Iyiv vajtswv.

Hnub no, ankh tau siv dav hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas subcultures, tshwj xeeb ntawm Goths. Thiab tseem nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm tej yam yees siv thiab parascientific cults thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv esoteric.

Sun Symbol

cov cim ntawm cov vajtswv nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt
cov cim ntawm cov vajtswv nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt

Lub cim ntawm lub hnub nyob rau hauv Egypt thaum ub yog lotus. Thaum pib, nws tau txuam nrog cov duab ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab kev tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd tau los ua ib qho ntawm incarnations ntawm tus vajtswv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Egyptian pantheon Amon-Ra. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub lotus kuj qhia txog kev rov qab los ntawm cov hluas thiab kev zoo nkauj.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias feem ntau kev teev ntuj ntawm kev pe hawm nruab hnub yog cov neeg Iyiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb. Thiab tag nrho cov deities, ib txoj kev los yog lwm qhov txuas nrog lub hnub, tau fwm ntau dua li lwm tus.

Lub hnub vajtswv Ra, raws li Egyptian mythology, tsim tag nrho lwm tus vajtswv thiab vajtswv poj niam. Feem ntaumuaj ib zaj dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas Ra sails ntawm lub nkoj raws tus dej saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, ib txhij illuminating tag nrho lub ntiaj teb nrog lub hnub rays. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj, nws hloov nkoj thiab siv hmo ntuj tshuaj xyuas cov khoom hauv qab txoj sia.

Hnub tag kis nws ntab saum lub qab ntug dua thiab pib ib hnub tshiab. Qhov no yog li cas cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau piav qhia txog kev hloov ntawm nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj thaum nruab hnub, rau lawv lub hnub ci disk yog lub cim ntawm kev yug dua tshiab thiab kev ua neej txuas ntxiv rau txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb.

Pharaohs tib lub sijhawm raug suav hais tias yog Vajtswv cov tub lossis cov thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, nws yeej tsis tau tshwm sim rau leej twg los tawm tsam lawv txoj cai tswj hwm, raws li txhua yam tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Ancient Egypt. Cov cim thiab cov cim qhia uas nrog tus vajtswv tseem ceeb Ra yog lub hnub disk, kab npauj npaim lossis Phoenix noog, uas tau yug los ntawm hluav taws. Kev saib xyuas ntau kuj tau them rau lub qhov muag ntawm Vajtswv. Cov neeg Iyiv ntseeg tias lawv tuaj yeem kho thiab tiv thaiv ib tus neeg los ntawm kev txom nyem thiab kev txom nyem.

Cov neeg Iyiv kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb nrog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb - Lub Hnub Qub. Lawv ncaj qha txuas nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev sov so, kev sau qoob loo zoo, lub neej vam meej rau txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws.

Lwm qhov tseeb. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub hu ua apricot paub rau peb txhua tus ntawm lub hnub qub. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv Egypt nws tus kheej, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no tsis loj hlob, climatic tej yam kev mob tsis haum. Nws tau coj los ntawm cov tebchaws Esxias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Iyiv poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog "tus qhua txawv teb chaws" heev uas lawv txiav txim siab muab lub npe txiv hmab txiv ntoo no thiaj li poetically, raug sau tseg tias nws cov duab thiab xim zoo li lub hnub.

Dawb cim rau cov neeg Iyiv

cov cim ntawm cov pharaohsancient tim lyiv teb chaws
cov cim ntawm cov pharaohsancient tim lyiv teb chaws

Hais txog dab tsi cov cim ntawm Ancient Egypt txhais tau tias thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tseem sib cav. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cim dawb ceev.

Ib lub ntsiab yog naos. Qhov no yog lub hauv siab tshwj xeeb ua los ntawm ntoo. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov pov thawj ntsia ib tug pej thuam ntawm ib tug deity los yog ib tug dawb ceev cim rau nws. Nws kuj yog lub npe ntawm ib qho chaw dawb ceev ntawm kev pe hawm ntawm ib tug vajtswv tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, Naos tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw dawb huv lossis qhov ntxa ntawm pharaohs.

Raws li txoj cai, muaj ntau lub twj tso kua mis. Ib tug ntoo yog me me, nws tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug loj dua, hewn los ntawm ib tug pob zeb. Lawv tau nthuav dav tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub twb nyob rau lub sijhawm lig. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd lawv tau nplua nuj thiab txawv txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej lossis lub chaw dawb huv ntawm qee tus vajtswv feem ntau hu ua naos.

Kuj dawb ceev cov cim ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws - sistrums. Cov no yog cov twj paj nruag percussion uas tau siv los ntawm cov pov thawj thaum lub sijhawm tsis meej pem hauv kev hwm ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Hathor. Ntawm cov neeg Iyiv, nws yog tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev hlub thiab kev zoo nkauj, uas qhia txog femininity, nrog rau kev xeeb tub thiab kev lom zem. Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub ntseeg tias Venus yog nws qhov piv txwv ntawm cov neeg Loos, thiab Aphrodite ntawm Greeks.

Lub suab paj nruag sistrum yog clad nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo los yog hlau ncej. Cov hlua hlau thiab disks tau ncab ntawm nws. Tag nrho cov no ua suab nrov, uas, raws li cov pov thawj ntseeg, nyiam cov vajtswv. Nyob rau hauv rituals, ob hom sistrums tau siv. Ib tug hu ua iba. Nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug elementary nplhaib nrog hlau cylinders nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug ntev kov nws tau muab tso rausaum lub taub hau ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Hathor.

Ib tsab ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub sistrum hu ua sesashet. Nws muaj cov duab ntawm naos thiab tau nplua nuj nrog ntau lub nplhaib thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj. Cov hlau rattling uas ua suab nrov tau nyob hauv ib lub thawv me me. Seseshets tsuas yog tso cai rau hnav los ntawm cov pov thawj thiab cov poj niam muaj nyiaj nplua nuj.

Symbol of culture

lub cim ntawm kev kho mob nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt
lub cim ntawm kev kho mob nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt

Lub cim ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm Ancient Egypt yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub pyramid. Qhov no yog lub monument nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm ancient Egyptian kos duab thiab architecture uas muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Ib tug ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws yog lub pyramid ntawm Pharaoh Djoser, uas kav 18 centuries BC. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Memphis thiab muaj qhov siab ntawm 60 meters. Nws yog tsim los ntawm qhev los ntawm limestone blocks.

Cov pyramids ua hauv tebchaws Iziv yog qhov kev xav tsis thoob tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg qub qub no. Los ntawm txoj cai, ib tug ntawm lawv - lub pyramid ntawm Cheops - yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm xya qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Thiab ib qho ntxiv - cov pyramids ntawm Giza - ib qho ntawm cov neeg sib tw los ua tus hu ua "kev xav tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb".

Outwardly, cov no yog cov pob zeb uas cov Iyiv cov thawj coj - pharaohs raug faus. Los ntawm cov lus Greek, lo lus "pyramid" yog txhais ua polyhedron. Txog rau tam sim no, ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj ib zaug hais txog vim li cas cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau xaiv daim ntawv no rau qhov ntxa. Lub caij no, txog niaj hnub no, 118 pyramids twb tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Egypt.

Tus lej loj tshaj ntawm cov qauv no nyob hauv thaj av Giza, ze lub nroog ntawm lub xeev African - Cairo. Kuj tseem hu ua GreatPyramids.

Mastabas yog cov thawj coj ntawm lub pyramids. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt lawv hu ua "tsev tom qab lub neej", uas muaj ib tug faus chav tsev thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb pob zeb qauv, uas nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog cov tsev faus no uas thawj Iyiv vaj ntxwv ua rau lawv tus kheej. Rau cov khoom siv, cov cib tsis tau ci tau siv, tau los ntawm av nplaum tov nrog dej silt. Feem ntau lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv Upper Egypt, txawm tias ua ntej kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub xeev, thiab hauv Memphis, uas tau suav tias yog lub ntsiab necropolis ntawm lub tebchaws. Sab saum toj hauv av hauv cov tsev no muaj chav rau kev thov Vajtswv thiab chav uas khaws cov khoom ntxa. Hauv av - ncaj qha faus tus vaj.

Pyramids nto moo tshaj plaws

lub cim ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt
lub cim ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt

Lub cim ntawm Egypt thaum ub yog lub pyramid. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws Pyramids yog nyob rau hauv Giza. Cov no yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm pharaohs Cheops, Mikerin thiab Khafre. Los ntawm thawj lub pyramid ntawm Djoser uas tau nqis los rau peb, cov pyramids txawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv tsis muaj ib tug stepped, tab sis ib tug nruj geometric duab. Lawv cov phab ntsa nce nruj me ntsis ntawm kaum ntawm 51-53 degrees nrog rau lub qab ntug. Lawv lub ntsej muag qhia lub ntsiab lus qhia. Lub pyramid nto moo ntawm Cheops feem ntau tsim rau ntawm lub pob zeb tsim los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub pyramid.

Lub Pyramid ntawm Cheops kuj muaj npe nrov rau qhov siab tshaj plaws. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ntau tshaj 146 meters, tab sis tam sim no, vim qhov poob ntawm cladding, nws tau txo los ntawm yuav luag 8 meters. Txhua sab yog 230 meters ntev thiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv 26centuries BC. Raws li kev kwv yees ntau yam, nws siv sijhawm li 20 xyoo los tsim.

Nws siv ntau dua ob lab pob zeb los tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tsis tau siv cov binders, xws li cov cement. Txhua qhov hnyav txog ob thiab ib nrab txhiab kilograms, qee qhov hnyav txog 80 txhiab kilograms. Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho qauv monolithic, sib cais los ntawm cov chav thiab txoj kev hauv tsev xwb.

Ob lub pyramids nto moo - Khafre thiab Mykern - tau tsim los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Cheops thiab me.

Lub Pyramid ntawm Khafre yog suav tias yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iyiv. Tom ntej no mus rau nws yog ib tug pej thuam ntawm nto moo Sphinx. Nws qhov siab yog Ameslikas yuav luag 144 meters, thiab qhov ntev ntawm ob sab - 215 meters.

Lub Pyramid ntawm Menkaure yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg zoo hauv Giza. Nws qhov siab tsuas yog 66 meters, thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus yog me ntsis ntau tshaj 100 meters. Thaum xub thawj, nws qhov loj me me dhau lawm, yog li cov qauv tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej tias nws tsis yog rau tus kav tebchaws Iziv thaum ub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yeej tsis tau tsim muaj tiag.

Pyramids ua li cas?

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis muaj ib qho txheej txheem. Nws hloov ntawm ib lub tsev mus rau lwm qhov. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev xav txog yuav ua li cas cov qauv no tau tsim, tab sis tseem tsis muaj kev pom zoo.

Cov kws tshawb fawb muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw txua txiag zeb uas tau muab pob zeb thiab cov blocks los ntawm, ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev ua pob zeb, nrog rau yuav ua li cas lawv tau tsiv mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho.

Cov neeg Iyiv feem coob ntseeg tias cov pob zeb raug txiavtshwj xeeb quarries siv tooj liab, tshwj xeeb chisels, chisels thiab picks.

Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg loj tshaj plaws yog li cas cov neeg Iyiv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd txav cov pob zeb loj loj no. Raws li ib tug fresco, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim tias ntau lub blocks tsuas yog rub tawm. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov duab nto moo, 172 tus neeg tab tom rub tus pej thuam ntawm tus vaj ntxwv ntawm lub sleigh. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, sleigh runners tas li nchuav nrog dej, uas ua haujlwm ntawm lubrication. Raws li cov kws txawj, qhov hnyav ntawm xws li ib tug pej thuam yog hais txog 60 txhiab kilograms. Yog li, lub pob zeb uas hnyav 2 thiab ib nrab tons tuaj yeem txav los ntawm tsuas yog 8 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Kev txav khoom ntawm txoj kev no tau muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Iyiv thaum ub.

Txoj kev ntawm dov blocks kuj paub. Ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism rau qhov no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug menyuam txaj tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm ancient Egyptian sanctuaries. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sim, nws tau pom tias nws coj 18 tus neeg ua haujlwm txav lub pob zeb ntawm 2.5 tons hauv txoj kev no. Lawv ceev yog 18 meters ib feeb.

Nws kuj tau ntseeg los ntawm qee cov kws tshawb fawb tias cov neeg Iyiv siv lub tshuab square log.

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