Hauv xyoo 1993, theem tshiab ntawm kev kawm qib siab tau qhia hauv Russia. Qhov kev hloov kho no yog tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb system.
Thaum ntxov, hauv peb lub tebchaws, cov tsev kawm qib siab tau koom nrog kev tso tawm tsuas yog cov kawm tiav uas kawm tau tsib xyoos rau rau xyoo. Tam sim no, theem kev kawm hauv qab no tau tshwm sim:
- thawj ob xyoos - kev kawm tsis tiav;
- tom qab plaub lossis tsib xyoos ntawm kev kawm hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, "bachelor" degree tau txais;
- ces koj tuaj yeem tso npe rau hauv tus tswv txoj haujlwm, uas yuav siv sijhawm ob xyoos ntxiv.
Tab sis, raws li qhov tseeb qhia, tsis muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov theem ntawm kev kawm suav nrog. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tus bachelor tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv tsev kawm qib siab lossis tus tuav ntawm kev kawm tiav. Tib qhov tsis meej pem tshwm sim thaum nws tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas qhov "tus tswv" yog leej twg.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, theem ntawm kev kawm hauv tebchaws Russia suav nrog theem plaub: kev cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij. Tab sis tam sim no, qhov no tsuas yog tso cai rau ntau qhov tshwj xeeb.
Cia peb xav paub ntau ntxiv txog lub ntsiabqib kev kawm hauv Russia.
Ib tus kws tshaj lij kev kawm rau tsib xyoos thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev xyaum ("tus kws kho mob", "engineer", thiab lwm yam), uas tso cai rau nws ua cov haujlwm tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam xaiv.
Bachelor tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm qib siab tom qab plaub (full-time) lossis tsib (sau ntawv) xyoo. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv magistracy los ntawm kev sib tw thiab koom nrog kev tshawb fawb. Tab sis, raws li qhov tseeb qhia, tsuas yog 20% ntawm cov bachelors txiav txim siab li no. Master's programs tsis qhib rau txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias, yog li yog tias koj xav kawm hauv nws, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xaiv lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Thawj ob xyoos rau bachelors thiab cov kws tshaj lij yog tib yam, txij li lub sijhawm no tau muab kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse. Yog tias koj xav ua kom tiav koj cov kev kawm, koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim diploma ntawm kev kawm tsis tiav (kev tshaj lij). Los ntawm xyoo peb, cov qauv thiab cov phiaj xwm ntawm bachelors thiab cov kws tshaj lij txawv txawv.
Txhua qhov kev tsim kho tshiab ib txwm xav tau qee lub sijhawm los pib hauv paus thiab "sib tsoo". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tam sim no muaj ntau yam teeb meem nrog rau kev faib mus rau hauv theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab universities.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog qhov muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv kev lees paub ntawm bachelor's degree. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov tswv ntiav haujlwm, raws li txoj cai, tsis nyiam coj cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li no rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws ntseeg tau tias bachelor's degree yog, thawj zaug, "kev kawm tsis tiav", thiab thib ob, tsis yog cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws tshaj lij. ATtsis zoo li tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus tswv, uas tau kawm rau kev lag luam tshwj xeeb.
Ntxiv mus, tus tswv haujlwm tsis ntseeg txawm tias los ntawm txoj cai lij choj, uas tau hais tias tus bachelor tuaj yeem ua txoj haujlwm uas, raws li kev tsim nyog, kev kawm qib siab tau muab. Kev muaj tiag qhia qhov ntxeev. Txawm hais tias tus bachelor muaj txoj cai zoo li no, cov tswv ntiav nyiam ntiav cov tswv thiab cov kws tshaj lij.
Tab sis sai li sai tau, cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm yuav maj mam daws.
