Cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov lus Lavxias, txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum paub lawv lub ntsiab lus thiab muaj peev xwm tsis lees paub lub npe, lus, thiab lwm yam. Ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm sib tw los nrog cov lus piav qhia lom zem thiab tsis zoo los ua kom yooj yim rau lawv tus kheej kom nco qab lawv cov lus txib thaum declension. Yog lawm, txhua leej txhua tus yuav nco qab thaum yau: "Ivan yug … " - thiab lwm yam …
Lo lus "muab yug" nyob rau hauv no mnemonic tus nplaig twister txhais tau hais tias genitive case. Hauv cov ntsiab lus grammatical, qhov no tsis yog qhov ncaj qha, tab sis yog ib qho ntawm tsib qhov tsis ncaj ncees. Hauv ntau hom lus, nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo, thiab tseem ua lwm yam haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub txog nws, koj yuav tsum muab lo lus nug "leej twg?" rau lub npe, npe, thiab lwm yam hauv daim ntawv no. los yog "dab tsi?" nrog rau lo lus auxiliary "tsis muaj", thiab yog hais tias nws tsis hloov, ces nws txhais tau tias - qhov no yog qhov genitive case. Piv txwv li:
a) "tsis muaj dab tsi?" - tshav ntuj, sib tham, nkauj;
b) "tsis muaj leej twg?" - txiv ntxawm, niam, dev.
Sdaim ntawv genitive siv cov prepositions "y", "to", "los ntawm", "los ntawm", "nrog", "txog", "nyob ib ncig ntawm", "tsis muaj", "rau". Piv txwv li: ze lub tsev pheeb suab, los ntawm lub tsev, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub gazebo. Lub genitive plural tsis muaj qhov zam. Piv txwv li: nyob ze tsev, los ntawm cov lus teb, nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj av.
Tus nominative genitive hauv lub ntsiab lus hauv qab no yog siv yam tsis muaj prepositions:
- Hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj, qhia tus neeg uas muaj qee yam khoom. Piv txwv li: Mikhalkov cov paj huam, tus kwv lub tsho loj, kos duab kos duab.
- Nrhiav lub ntsiab lus, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li: tus neeg saib xyuas cog, ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau, txoj cai sau ntawv.
- Qhia qhov zoo thiab tus cwj pwm. Piv txwv li: kev mob siab rau ntawm ib tug tub kawm ntawv, lub siab mos siab muag ntawm niam, lub ntuj xiav, kev zoo nkauj ntawm paj.
- Thaum tus lej lossis ib lo lus uas txhais qhov ntsuas, qhov ntau, sib piv. Piv txwv li: ci dua lub hnub, ib meter ntawm ntaub, kaum tus me nyuam, tsib tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
- Nrog lub npe hais lus, qhov twg daim ntawv rooj plaub qhia txog qhov khoom uas qhov kev txiav txim tau ua. Piv txwv li: ua tiav ib txoj hauj lwm, noj Perekop, ntxuav tais diav.
Cov lus hais tsis zoo hais txog:
- Direct object yog tias daim ntawv tswj xyuas qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li: tsis nyiam paj, tsis txhob muab nws ob lub qhov muag tawm ntawm daim duab.
- Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tswj xyuas tsis yog tag nrho cov khoom, tab sis tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws. Piv txwv li: ncuav (ib khob) mis nyuj, noj (ib crust) khob cij.
- Tom qab cov lus tswj hwm. Piv txwv li: kom ua tiav, tos kom nce, nugkev zam txim.
- Tom qab cov lus qhia uas muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshem tawm, tshem tawm, ntshai thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li: ntshai tsaus ntuj, plam vaj tse.
Ntau zaus rooj plaub, qhov xaus ntawm nws cov ntawv lo lus, raug hloov los ntawm lwm tus yuam kev:
- Accusative nrog preposition "rau". Piv txwv li: Pushkin thiab Lermontov yog cov neeg hu nkauj rau kev ywj pheej, es tsis txhob lawv yog cov neeg hu nkauj ntawm kev ywj pheej.
- Accusative with the preposition "on". Piv txwv li: Khoom noj khoom haus zoo tsis yog rau tus neeg mob nkaus xwb, tab sis rau tus neeg mob.
- Instrumental with the preposition "nrog". Piv txwv li: Kev xav yog sib cais los ntawm kev xav, hloov - los ntawm kev xav.
- Prepositional nrog lub preposition "rau". Cov tub ntxhais hluas xav txog lub neej ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, tsis yog qhov khoom siv.
- Ntaus nrog preposition es tsis txhob genitive tsis muaj preposition. Piv txwv li: Cov pej xeem txiav txim siab nyiag nyiag thiab tua cov pej xeem, tsis txhob nyiag thiab tua cov pej xeem.
Kev siv tsis raug ntawm rooj plaub yog suav tias yog kev hais lus tsis raug. Yuav kom dhau mus rau tus neeg hais lus muaj peev xwm thiab txawj ntse, koj yuav tsum kawm cov cai ntawm declension.
