Kev niaj hnub magistracy (master's degree los yog magistrate) yog ob qho tib si kev txhim kho ntawm ib tug kev paub nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thiab ib tug loj kauj ruam mus rau tsim ib tug ua tiav txoj hauj lwm, thiab nws yog heev muaj peev xwm mus txhim kho lub neej zoo. los yog cov khoom noj zoo nyob rau yav tom ntej. Cov laj thawj no thawb cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus mus rau kev kawm qib siab thib ob thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv xws li kev kawm tiav qib siab.
Masters raug hu ua cov thawj coj hauv Rome thaum ub. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, lub taub hau ntawm ntau yam ecclesiastical los yog secular tsev raug suav hais tias masters. Cov tsev kawm qib siab ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog twb muaj ntau qib tom qab kev cob qhia: kawm tiav qib siab, bachelor's degree, thiab kws kho mob ntawm kev xav. Tib lub sijhawm, hauv qee lub tebchaws, tsis yog tus tswv, muaj kev tso cai. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1240, txoj cai ntawm masters nthuav dav - txij li tam sim no lawv muaj lub sijhawm los xaiv tus rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Ntawm thaj chawLavxias teb sab diploma, magistrate's degree tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nrog rau txoj cai ntawm Alexander I. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub npe ntawm tus kws kho mob tau qhia, thiab me ntsis tom qab - tus neeg sib tw. Tus tswv tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib tus neeg sib tw (ib tus neeg kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog cov qhab nia zoo) thiab tus kws kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem tau txais txoj haujlwm thiab qib ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm revolutionary, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tag nrho cov npe raug tshem tawm, thiab lawv tsuas yog rov qab los ntawm 90s.
Hnub no, kawm tiav qib siab hauv tebchaws Russia thiab hauv cov tebchaws tom qab-Soviet qhov chaw yog kev kawm ntev txog 1-2 xyoos, uas feem ntau yog tsom rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav hauv xeev tsuas yog hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab uas tsim nyog tau txais kev lees paub (tsis tsawg dua IV) thiab cov peev txheej ua haujlwm kom tiav cov haujlwm kawg.
Nkag mus rau hauv pawg tswj hwm tsuas yog muaj nrog daim bachelor's degree hauv tib yam tshwj xeeb lossis tib qho kev taw qhia. Cov kev cob qhia muaj xws li chav kawm theoretical thiab kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus saib xyuas. Txhua yam xaus nrog daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg (dissertation tiv thaiv, raws li kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, thiab dhau qhov kev xeem cuam tshuam).
Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tsis yog txhua lub tsev kawm qib siab muaj cai tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab, tab sis tsuas yog cov uas tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog thiab muaj cov kev kawm yuam kev. Master's degree tau txais tom qab 1-2 xyoos dhau los ntawm qee qhov kev kawm nrog cov qhab nia kawg ntawm tsawg kawg "B" ("zoo"). Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ua tus nqi kawm ntawv, koj yuav tsumntsuas koj lub zog hauv cov ntsiab lus xaiv. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm master nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm tus xibfwb lossis ib pawg kws tshaj lij tsis tas yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv txhua lub tebchaws. Tab sis yog tias muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua, ces tus tswv yav tom ntej yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim thiab qub, tsis yog tus qauv xav.
Nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv lub magistracy, koj muaj peev xwm coj txhua yam kev cob qhia nrog tag nrho cov nkag mus rau hauv lub tiag tiag nom tswv, nyiaj txiag, kab lis kev cai los yog kev sib raug zoo teeb meem. Cov kev paub thiab kev paub zoo li no yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej thaum txhim kho lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kheej lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Ib tug kawm tiav nrog tus kawm tiav qib siab yeej ib txwm muaj nuj nqis los ntawm tus tswv haujlwm!
