Tsis tshua muaj leej twg tuaj yeem xav txog tias cov khoom siv sab hauv zoo tib yam, xws li lub rooj lossis lub txee dai khaub ncaws, yog ib qho taw qhia ntawm cov khoom kim heev thiab cov xwm txheej siab ntawm lawv tus tswv. Niaj hnub no, rooj tog decorates tsis tau tsuas yog chav, tab sis kuj chaw ua si, vaj, txoj kev. Nws yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm thaj chaw nyob thiab pej xeem, thiab yog ib ceg ntawm kev siv kos duab.
Keeb kwm ntawm rooj tog, raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qub, muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los, thaum ib tus neeg pib tsim kev nplij siab hauv nws lub tsev me me. Cov chaw so ua los ntawm cov tawv nqaij, ntoo decks, txaj rau menyuam mos ua los ntawm ntoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, tag nrho cov no tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Cov piv txwv qub tshaj plaws ntawm rooj tog tau pom nyob rau hauv Egypt thiab hnub rov qab mus rau peb txhiab xyoo BC.
thawj quav
Egypt, ua ib lub chaw qub qub ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, tau tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj ntawm yav dhau los. Cov architecture ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab palace complexes, sau rau ntawm pob zeb thiab papyrus, thawj qhov kev paub hauv kev ua lej,tshuaj thiab science, hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nov yog qhov chaw keeb kwm ntawm rooj tog pib.
Nyob rau hauv huab tais faus ntawm lub dynastic era 3400-2980. BC e. Cov quav ntoo zoo tib yam thiab folding nrog ntxhw tusk ob txhais ceg, nrog rau cov khoom tawg ntawm ebony hauv siab, tau pom. Nyob rau hauv lub burials ntawm crowned neeg ntawm lub thib ob txhiab xyoo BC, archaeologists tau pom ib tug zoo xws li cov niaj hnub txaj thiab cov rooj zaum. Lub txaj yog ib lub voj voos ntoo uas npog nrog lub tsho kub, uas tau muab cov hlua los yog cov hlua khi rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub vas. Nws ob txhais ceg txawv txawv ua rau pom cov paws ntawm tus tsiaj, tsov ntxhuav lossis hma. Ntau lub hauv siab thiab lub hleb tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv ntawm cov duab geometric thiab inlaid nrog ntsuab thiab xiav malachite, turquoise thiab kaus ntxhw. Ib qho tshwj xeeb zam rau cov rooj tog hauv tsev tau tshwm sim hauv 745-718. BC e. thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub XXIII dynasty.
Cov rooj tog zaum hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub tau tsim los ntawm cov ntoo uas muaj zog, nws txawv ntawm nws lub zog tshwj xeeb, rigidity thiab functionality. Siv ntoo cedar, fig ntoo, yew thiab txiv ntseej.
Rooj tog ntawm ancient kingdoms
Nrog kev txhim kho kev vam meej thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm lub teb chaws tshiab, cov khoom tshiab ntawm cov rooj tog tau yug los. Keeb kwm ntawm rooj tog nyob rau hauv ancient Greece yuav txiav txim los ntawm sculptures thiab ciaj sia dluab ntawm vases. Nws tseem paub tias cov neeg Greek tau ua lub hauv siab ntawm kev siv ntau yam, uas tau ntev ntev yog cov rooj tog tseem ceeb.
Cov huab cua ntub thiab kub ntawm Ancient Is Nrias teb tsim cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb:neeg noj, zaum thiab pw hauv pem teb. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog rau lub interiors ntawm lub palaces ntawm nobility yog cushions, ntaub pua plag, qis lub rooj zaum tsis muaj lub nraub qaum thiab cov quav ua los ntawm ib tug openwork thav duab nrog ib tug puag ncig-puab cushion rooj. Cov kws ua khoom siv rooj tog hauv lawv cov khoom siv txhua yam uas xwm muab: pob zeb, av nplaum, plhaub, cog fiber ntau, tshuaj ntsuab thiab ntoo.
Cov neeg Loos thaum ub tau txawv los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb, uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lawv lub tsev. Lawv nyiam ntau lub rooj zaum thiab txaj saum rooj. Lawv cov rooj tog tau inlaid nrog cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis thiab hlau, thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab zoo nkauj. Roman masters siv cov xim marble ua cov khoom siv. Tib lub sijhawm, thawj wicker rooj tog los ntawm wicker tshwm.
Thaum pib ntawm thawj txhiab xyoo ntawm peb lub sijhawm, qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov rooj tog niaj hnub tau tshwm sim.
From simplicity to art
keeb kwm ntawm cov rooj tog tsim qauv pib nrog nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab zoo sib xws nrog cov qauv tsim vaj tsev. Koj tuaj yeem taug qab cov evolution los ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab unpretentiousness ntawm cov khoom rau lawv splendor thiab sophistication.
Lub sijhawm Gothic (XII-XV centuries) muab yug rau nws tus kheej style. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog rooj tog tau ua ntau thiab ntau hnyav, ces nrog lub invention ntawm lub "sawmill", nws volumetric structural ntsiab tau yooj yim heev. Cov khoom sab hauv ua kom xis nyob thiab ruaj khov.
Raws li tus qauv ntawm kev ua neej nyob tau zoo dua qub, kev thov tau pib tau txais los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov nom tswv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm tsev. Masters sim muabCov khoom ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tshwj xeeb thiab kev tshav ntuj: ib tug kws ntoo, carver, gilder thiab pleev xim rau qhov teeb meem. Cov rooj tog tau dhau los ua ib qho kev paub ntawm rooj tog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, echoing complex compositions ntawm architectural lug, thawj "ntau-storey" rooj tog tau tsim.
Nyob hauv txee
Yog tias koj ua tib zoo taug qab cov keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm rooj tog, koj yuav pom tias nws yog lub hauv siab uas yog poj koob yawm txwv ntawm ntau yam sab hauv. Vim nws txoj kev txav mus los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv txhua lub tsev. Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom khaws cia hauv lub hauv siab los ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm raws li nws txoj kab ntsug "stretching". Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th hauv Holland, xws li lub hauv siab tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg, thiab thawj analogue ntawm lub txee tau txais. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lub hauv siab thib ob tau txuas rau nws, uas tau dhau los ua qauv ntawm ob chav khaub ncaws.
Hauv Fab Kis, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lub hauv siab tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv qab, vim tias "txheej txheem" tau tshwm sim. Thiab txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, lub sijhawm ntawm lub wardrobe tau los, nws tau raug txhim kho tas li, tig mus rau hauv qhov zoo nkauj thiab nrhiav-tom qab lub hauv paus.
Cov qauv vaj tsev hloov pauv, rooj tog tau txhim kho thiab hloov pauv. Rococo thawb baroque thiab nqa nrog nws cov rooj hnav khaub ncaws, canapés thiab secretaries.
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov rooj tog zaum rooj tog
Cov khoom zoo ib yam li rooj tog zaum tau muaj txij li thaum ub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm Persia, qee qhov kev nce siab, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntaub pua plag thiab hauv ncoo, tau siv rau so thiab reclining. Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Iziv thiab tim Nkij teb chaws, tsim ntau yam qauv ntawm lub rooj zaum, thiabsoftened lawv nrog pads.
Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm classicism, Fabkis, raws li ib tug muaj tseeb trendsetter nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv, yug thawj cov qauv ntawm niaj hnub upholstered rooj tog. Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm ib tug xis rooj zaum qhia hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj lub rooj zaum thiab sofas yog them nrog ib tug yooj yim ntaub. Raws li cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm aristocrats tau sib dua, zaum ntawm cov rooj zaum nyuaj ua rau ntau thiab tsis xis nyob. Npuag cov rooj tog pib puv nrog yaj cov ntaub plaub, plaub hau nees, swan's down los yog nyom qhuav.
Boule style rooj tog
Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tus tswv zoo heev uas tau ua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia ntawm Louvre nyob rau hauv Louis XIV, yug rau ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov rooj tog kos duab. André-Charles Boulle sib txuas cov kev paub zoo ntawm kev dai cov rooj tog hauv ib qho haujlwm, tsis tas yuav poob qhov tseeb ntawm daim duab tag nrho thiab cov logic ntawm tus tsim nws tus kheej. Raws li tus kws tshaj lij ebony artist, nws gracefully sib txuas ntau hom ntoo, siv gilded tooj liab thawj zaug. Yav dhau los tau kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tortoiseshell inlay, tus tswv txiav txim siab siv nws rau rooj tog décor.
Charles Boulle tshuav ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho rooj tog. Tam sim no, nws cov khoom khaws cia tuaj yeem pom hauv Louvre (Paris), Getty Tsev khaws puav pheej (Los Angeles) thiab hauv ntau lub tsev hauv Fab Kis.
French Empire style rooj tog
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov rooj tog zaum hauv Fabkis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mob siab rau kev qub txeeg qub teg. Bonaparte txoj kev sib tw thiab kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological ntawm Pompeii tau pab txhawb rau qhov sib txawv no. Style,Hloov cov classicism, cim qhov zoo thiab lub zog ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman (empire) tsim los ntawm Napoleon.
Qhov kev nyiam rau qhov qub txeeg qub teg tau tshwm sim hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm tsev, uas tau pib ua kom zoo nkauj hauv Greco-Roman txoj kev, raws li keeb kwm. Hauv kev tsim khoom, rooj tog ntawm cov qauv no tau txawv los ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv (kab, consoles, pilasters), uas tau siv los faib rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm cov tub rau khoom thiab cov txee. Qhov xwm txheej tsis txawv ntawm qhov yooj yim, nyiam tau muab rau kev zoo nkauj, loj ntawm cov khoom. Kev siv suav nrog phau ntawv nrog cov tuav, qhib sideboards, sawv iav. Cov khoom zawv zawg tau tsim.
Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab rooj tog
Tsis zoo li European rooj tog, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom pov thawj uas tau khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus, rooj tog ntawm Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub tes tau nthuav tawm hauv tus nqi qis heev. Vim muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tseem muaj sia nyob me ntsis, cov hnub tsim ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus tsis raug txiav txim siab thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov rooj tog nyob rau hauv Russia tau zoo txuam nrog kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev, lub architecture ntawm uas tsim heev maj mam thiab yog ib tug heev ruaj khov cwj pwm. Sab hauv ntawm lub tsev yog qhov yooj yim heev, txawm tias cov rooj tog ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj txiag tsis txawv ntawm kev txawj ntse. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog lub rooj zaum, rooj, cov quav thiab lub rooj zaum, lub hauv siab tau tshwm sim ntau tom qab.
Cov rooj tog hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia pib tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, thaum kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub xeev tau nthuav dav heev. Cov rooj zaum nrog lub nraub qaum siab, lub rooj zaum rooj zaum, lub kaus mom thiab cov iav Venetian tau tshwm sim hauv cov chav tsev huab tais. NtawmKev cob qhia tau tsim nyob rau hauv Armory Chamber. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, hlau rooj tog uas zoo artistic zoo pib ua nyob rau hauv Tula.
Lavxias teb sab rooj tog sai sai koom nrog kev khiav dej num ntawm European txoj kev loj hlob thiab tswj kom tswj tau nws cov originality thiab lub teb chaws nta.
Lub rooj zaum rau txhua tus
Nyob rau xyoo 19th, Austrian craftsman Mikhail Thonet, npau suav ntawm cov rooj tog yooj yim thiab compact, pib sim nrog cov ntsiab lus ntoo. Kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv, nws raug rau ntau yam deformations hauv txhua txoj hauv kev. Nws tau tswj xyuas cov pwm hlau thiab cov log tsheb rau khoov ntoo: nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, ob peb ntu tau ib txhij khoov. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tsim khoom loj. Kev siv cov khoom tsim nyog tau ua rau pheej yig ntawm cov rooj zaum thiab rooj zaum.
Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, feem ntau, txog 50 lab lub rooj zaum tau tsim los ntawm tus nqi pheej yig, uas tau zaum hauv Asmeskas, Europe thiab Russia.
rooj tog rau menyuam yaus
Keeb kwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus rooj tog tau pib hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub, qhov chaw me me tau pom hauv qhov ntxa, txawv ntawm cov neeg laus tsuas yog qhov loj xwb. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 18th, rau feem ntau, cov neeg tsis thab nrog ib tug nyias txaj rau lawv cov me nyuam. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau tau pw nrog lawv niam lawv txiv lossis cov menyuam loj dua.
Tshwj xeeb cais menyuam cov rooj tog xws li tsis tau tsim nyob qhov twg los tau ntev. Sab hauv ntawm cov me nyuam chav zoo ib yam li cov niam txiv chav pw nrog lub txaj loj, ntaub pua plag thiab pleev xim, thiab tsis muaj chaw ua si.
Lub Renaissance muab rau cov me nyuamrooj tog racks, uas feem ntau pib siv rau phau ntawv. Hloov cov rooj nrog rau lub hauv siab ntawm cov tub rau khoom tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, tab sis lawv cov koob meej tuaj ntau tom qab. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias tsuas yog tsev neeg muaj nyiaj tau txais kev yuav khoom los kho cov menyuam chav.
Fun Facts
- Hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub, cov rooj zaum, cov quav thiab cov rooj zaum tau siv los ntawm cov poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Cov txiv neej nyiam couches thiab txaj.
- Raws li cov lus dab neeg, armrests ntawm lub rooj zaum tau tshwm sim tom qab ib qho xwm txheej tsis txaus siab ntawm lub ntees tuag ntawm vaj ntxwv. Thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej, tus qhua poob ntawm lub rooj zaum tsis xis nyob.
- Xyoo 1911, tus tsim Thomas Edison tau qhia cov rooj tog ua vaj tse, uas, txawm tias nws ruaj khov thiab zoo nkauj, tseem tsis tau lees paub.
- Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Fabkis thiab Navara Louis XIV tau nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm rooj tog raws li tus tswv ntawm cov khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov txaj - 413 daim.
- Lub txee bar tau tsim nyob rau hauv Wild West raws li qhov chaw nyob rau bartenders los ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm disgruntled cov neeg muas zaub thiab bandits.
- Lub rooj zaum ntev ib mais tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia xyoo 2014. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ib txhij haum 2.5 txhiab tus neeg.
