Russia yog ib lub xeev loj nyob rau sab av loj Eurasian, nws nyob Northern Asia thiab ib feem ntawm Eastern Europe. Geographically, nws yog thawj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov xeev. Tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm lub tebchaws yog 146 lab tus tib neeg. Raws li daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv - ib tug thawj tswj hwm-parliamentary koom pheej; tsoom fwv xeev. Lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws yog Lavxias Federation (RF). Lub peev yog lub nroog Moscow.
Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev tam sim no yog Vladimir Putin. Tus nqi txiaj yog Russia ruble. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 11 lub sij hawm zones. Russia koom ua ke ntau lub teb chaws, haiv neeg thiab kab lis kev cai. Txhua tus neeg yog cov neeg ua haujlwm: los ntawm cov kws txawj ua haujlwm rau cov lag luam. Ntawm no yog xws li ib tug nthuav pej xeem nyob rau hauv ib tug majestic hwj chim. Ntawm thaj chaw koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub monuments thiab ntau yam kev coj noj coj ua, uas qhia tib neeg kev hwm rau lawv keeb kwm.
thaj chaw thaj tsam ntawm Russia
cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog ntau tshaj 17 lab square meters. km. Nws muaj ntug hiav txwv ntev tshaj plawskab ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Cov ntsiab lus siab heev:
- Nyob rau sab qaum teb - Cape Chelyuskin (Taimyr Peninsula).
- Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - Ratmanov Island (Bering Strait).
- Nyob rau sab qab teb - lub nroog Bazarduzu (nyob ciam teb nrog Dagestan).
- Nyob rau sab hnub poob, qhov taw qhia huab yog nyob hauv thaj av Kaliningrad.
Russia yog conditionally faib ntawm ob feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - Europe thiab Asia. Lub ciam teb no yog tsim los ntawm lub roob Ural. Ob thaj chaw no tsis sib npaug hauv cheeb tsam: European ib feem ntawm 25% ntawm thaj chaw, thaum cov neeg Esxias nyob 75%. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam Esxias, uas feem ntau hu ua Siberia thiab Far East.
Yog tias peb faib Russia raws li daim av, uas yog, hauv txoj kev orographic, peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm 6 thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws.
Sawv cev los ntawm West Siberian Lowland, yog ib lub tiaj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws nyob ntawm Kara Hiav Txwv mus rau Kazakh semi-deserts, los ntawm Altai thiab Urals mus rau tus dej. Yenisei. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub tiaj yog 2.5 lab square meters. km. Lub cheeb tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Russia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv me me. Lawv hloov ntawm 100-200 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ciam teb, nws nce mus txog 300 m. Qhov chaw ntawm cheeb tsam no yog swampy heev. Ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam Siberian ntawm lub teb chaws, nws yog sab qab teb ntawm Russia uas haum zoo, thaum lwm tus tsis tsim nyog rau lub neej lossis kev lag luam.
Eastern Siberia
Lwm thaj tsam ntawm Siberia, lojIb feem ntawm cov uas yog nyob ntawm Central Siberian Plateau. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm West Siberian Lowland. Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob sab hnub poob nws yog ib puag ncig los ntawm cov roob ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sayan, Transbaikalia thiab thaj tsam Baikal. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm thaj av yog 600-700 m, ridges thiab toj siab hloov pauv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws toj siab yog Vilyuiskoye, ntawm no qhov siab ncav cuag 1500-1700 m. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Kamen, 1701 m siab. Txoj kab dej ntom ntom yog sawv cev los ntawm roob hav dej.
Far East
Ib thaj chaw me me ntawm Russia, sawv cev los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific. Nws tau muab faib ua 3 qhov chaw: av loj - ncaj qha rau ntug dej hiav txwv; ceg av qab teb - Kamchatka Peninsula; kob - Kuril Islands. Nws muaj ib tug meridional raws, lub geographic yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob ntawm seb nws. Piv txwv li, sab qaum teb ntawm Far East yog nyob dhau lub Arctic Circle. Ze rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, cov daus npog muab txoj kev mus rau thaj chaw ntawm permafrost, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau tundra. Feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog sawv cev los ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes thiab toj. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm txoj siv seismic. Tshwj xeeb yog Kamchatka Peninsula. Nws suav hais tias yog thaj av seismic tshaj plaws. Ntxiv nrog rau cov volcanoes nquag, cov hluav taws xob hauv qab dej uas ua rau cov tsunami tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Nyob rau sab qab teb, taiga dominates nrog subtropical cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Zoo li qee thaj tsam ntawm Russia, thaj chaw no yog qhov chaw muaj av noo vim qhov sib thooj ntawm dej hiav txwv.
Southeastern mountainous cheeb tsam ntawm Russia
Tag nrho sab qab teb thiab ib feem ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia yog ib puag ncig los ntawm roob. Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj lawv sawv cev los ntawm lub roob Caucasian, Altai thiab Sayan, Baikal ntau yam. Lub roob Caucasus tseem hluas. Lawv tsim tseem tsis tau tiav, thiab lawv muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm "loj hlob". Cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub ridge yog nyob rau hauv 5,000 m. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub Caucasus yog Mount Elbrus. Qee thaj chaw ntawm Russia yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Ntawm no, av qeeg, daus avalanches, av qeeg thiab roob ntog tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj loj.
Ural
cheeb tsam no suav nrog tus dej thiab ib lub roob uas muaj tib lub npe. Lub roob Ural stretch ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb rau ntau tshaj 2,000 km, los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab hnub tuaj - qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 150 km. Raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv nyem, thaj chaw tau muab faib ua cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm Russia: Northern, Southern, Central, Polar thiab Subpolar. Lub roob Ural feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho lub xeev. Lawv ua haujlwm raws li "barrier" thiab tsis pub cov huab cua txias hauv dej hiav txwv kom dhau mus rau hauv av, yog li tsim kom muaj huab cua nyob sab Europe thoob plaws hauv ib cheeb tsam. Vim li no, kev nyab xeeb kuj txawv hauv cheeb tsam nws tus kheej: nag lossis daus ntau dua nyob rau sab hnub poob dua li sab hnub tuaj. Loj hydrological system - ntau tus dej ntws, ntau dua 6 txhiab pas dej.
Russian Plain
Lub East European Plain (Lavxias teb sab) yog ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog ntau inferior rau nws nyob rau hauv ntev. Nws lub npe thib ob - Russian -tau txais vim qhov tseeb tias feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib lub npe. Thaj chaw yog li 4 lab square meters. km. Nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws, nws nyob ntawm lub hiav txwv Caspian mus rau lub Arctic hiav txwv, los ntawm sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm lub xeev mus rau lub Ural roob nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Lub tiaj yog ceeb tsis txaus ntseeg, zoo ib yam. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab tsis tshaj 200 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Ntawm lub tiaj muaj 6 lub roob uas qhov taw qhia ntawm 310-340 m. Qhov chaw no tau hloov pauv loj heev.
Kev lag luam zoning
Hais txog kev khwv nyiaj txiag hauv zej zog, 11 thaj chaw muaj qhov txawv, nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tswj hwm thaj chaw. Kev sib cais ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob, keeb kwm yav dhau los, peev txheej peev txheej thiab kev txhim kho ntawm ib qho kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam. Tag nrho 11 cheeb tsam tau muab faib ua ib qho ntxiv - lawv nyob rau ob thaj chaw macro, Western thiab sab hnub tuaj. Sab hnub poob macroregion suav nrog 7 cheeb tsam, sab hnub tuaj ib - 4.
- thaj tsam qaum teb ntawm Russia. Ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nws muaj xws li Vologda, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk cheeb tsam, lub koom pheej ntawm Karelia thiab Komi. Nws kuj suav nrog Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Lub cheeb tsam Primorsky ntawm Russia, uas yog xav tau ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, yog nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub xeev.
- cheeb tsam Central. suav nrog lub peev thiab ze tshaj 12 cheeb tsam ntawm Federation.
- Central Black Earth kev lag luam cheeb tsam. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Central, ib qho ntawm feem ntaume me hauv cheeb tsam, muaj 5 cheeb tsam.
- North-western economic cheeb tsam. Nws muaj 4 thaj chaw thiab lub nroog tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv - St. Petersburg.
- cheeb tsam Vostochno-Sibirsky. Loj economic cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. suav nrog 3 lub tebchaws: Buryatia, Khakassia thiab Tuva, Irkutsk cheeb tsam, Trans-Baikal thiab Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam.
- Far East cheeb tsam. Qhov loj tshaj plaws economic cheeb tsam ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam. Nws suav nrog 9 yam kev tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation.
- North Caucasian cheeb tsam. Txawm hais tias cheeb tsam no me me hauv cheeb tsam, nws suav nrog ntau lub koom haum tswj hwm - 10. Cov no yog cov koom pheej tshiab tawm tsam rau lawv txoj kev ywj pheej.
- Volga-Vyatka cheeb tsam kev lag luam. Lub cheeb tsam nyob tag nrho hauv lub tebchaws thiab tsis muaj ciam teb sab nraud. Nws suav nrog: Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvash thiab Kirov cheeb tsam, Mordovia thiab Mari El.
- Volga cheeb tsam kev lag luam. Nws muaj 8 yam ntawm Federation.
- Ural economic cheeb tsam. Xws li Perm Territory, 4 cheeb tsam, 2 lub koom pheej - Bashkortostan thiab Udmurtia.
- Lus npe thaj tsam ntawm Russia, qhov kawg tuaj yeem hu ua qhov chaw nyob deb tshaj plaws - thaj tsam Kaliningrad.
