Ntawm cov hlau uas nws ions yog ib feem ntawm cov organic tebchaw, ib qho chaw tseem ceeb belongs rau zinc. Biochemists tau suav nrog nws nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob, uas nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub cell tsis tshaj 0.0001%. Zinc cations tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov kab mob hauv cov nroj tsuag, qhov chaw uas nws yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, xws li cov tshuaj hormones thiab enzymes, nucleotides, lipids thiab esters. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm zinc nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj ntau haiv neeg: nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov metabolism, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua me nyuam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov kab mob zinc, nrog rau muab piv txwv qhia txog nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm homeostasis ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Zinc atom ua tus neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm
Feem ntau ntawm cov enzymes koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaivcellular metabolism, yog complex tshuaj thiab muaj ions ntawm hlau, magnesium, tooj liab, zinc. Hauv biochemistry lawv hu ua organometallic compounds. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm zinc nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias, yog lub hauv paus ion, nws yog ib feem ntawm cov molecules ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes thiab lwm yam biologically active tshuaj, xws li insulin, lactate dehydrogenase, antiprotease ntshav protein. Xav txog lawv cov khoom ntxiv.
glycolysis tswj
Ib theem ntawm lub zog metabolism hauv lub cell yog glycolysis - oxygen tsis muaj piam thaj - lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm enzyme lactate dehydrogenase thiab ua rau kev hloov ntawm carbohydrate mus rau lactic acid. Cov ntsiab lus lactate ntau dhau ua rau cov cytoplasm ntawm lub cell, rau kev tawg ntawm cov khoom no kom tsis muaj teeb meem pyruvic acid, zinc-muaj enzyme yog synthesized hauv cytosol. Nws qhov kev txiav txim ua rau lub nruab nrab ntawm lactic acid nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm lub plawv cov leeg, nephrons thiab myocytes, freeing lub cytoplasm los ntawm cov tshuaj, uas paub meej tias lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm zinc nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lactate dehydrogenase nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob nrog rau cov kab mob pathological nce hauv cov metabolism, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov piam thaj, xws li mob qog noj ntshav, plab, ntsws, mob raum thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev. cov leeg.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm zinc hauv kev txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Lymph nodes, thymus, liab pob txha pob txha, palatinetonsils tsim cov hlwb uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv kab mob, kab mob, cov proteins txawv teb chaws thiab co toxins. Cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub xeev ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab feem ntau nyob ntawm lub sij hawm tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov ntsiab lus: antibodies, interferons, phagocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages. Raws li kev tshawb fawb biochemical tau tsim, tag nrho cov khoom saum toj no thiab cov hlwb uas tawm tsam qhov pib kis tau raug tsim nrog kev koom tes ncaj qha ntawm microelement. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm zinc hauv tib neeg lub cev yog tias nws koom nrog kev tsim T-lymphocytes thiab tua cov hlwb. Lawv nqa lub ntsiab load nyob rau hauv lub neutralization ntawm pathogenic cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob loj xws li tuberculosis, pneumonia, immunodeficiency syndrome, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, zinc ions activates cellular genes lub luag hauj lwm rau lub sij hawm teb rau ib puag ncig kev nyuaj siab yam thiab ua kom lub cev muaj zog tiv thaiv. lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thymus cov tshuaj hormones - thymosin, thymopoietin thiab thymulin - ua active nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm complex zinc particles, uas txhim khu kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Mechanism ntawm microelement cuam tshuam rau tus kab mob kis
Txhawm rau nthuav peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub luag haujlwm zinc ua haujlwm hauv tib neeg lub cev, xav txog nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev thaiv cov kev rov ua dua ntawm nucleic acids thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob protein molecules. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb microbiological tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev qhia tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mobzinc ions ntawm cov kab mob xws li herpes, encephalitis, influenza. Hauv particular, cov microelement txhawb kev tso tawm ntau hom interferons rau hauv cov ntshav, uas yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob sib kis ceev ceev hauv cov theem pib ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm pathogen proteins, uas yog thaiv. Yog li, lub luag haujlwm lom neeg ntawm zinc hauv tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas ua kom lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlwb los tiv thaiv cov kab mob pathogenic.
Zinc tswj tib neeg txoj kev ua me nyuam ua li cas?
Lub peev xwm los tsim thiab tsim tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom kab mob nyob. Rau cov poj niam lub cev, zinc yog tsim nyog thaum cev xeeb tub, thiab nws qhov tsis txaus yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tsos mob ntawm premenstrual syndrome: migraine, edema thiab mob spasms. Cov kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus txiv neej txoj kev loj hlob thiab fertility ntawm gametes - spermatozoa. Hom txiv neej ntawm lub cev tsim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev - cov qog ntshav thiab prostate, kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phev - qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm zinc hauv lub cev ntawm tus txiv neej. Zinc nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug complexing neeg sawv cev yog ib feem ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev sib deev hormone - testosterone, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm spermatogenesis, reproductive zog thiab txiv neej libido.
Kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev thiab nws txoj kev vam khom rau cov organic zinc compounds
Nws paub tias lub caj pas pituitary anterior tsim cov tshuaj somatotropin, los ntawm qhov uasphysiological txheej txheem ntawm pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg loj hlob nyob ntawm seb. Nrog rau kev loj hlob hormone hauv hypothalamus, muaj kev sib txuas ntawm insulin zoo li molecules, uas yog polypeptides thiab hu ua somatomedins. Lawv muaj zinc atoms thiab, ua ke nrog somatotropin, nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm osteogenesis. Kev loj hlob ntau dhau los ua rau muaj cov kab mob xws li gigantism thiab acromegaly (tsis muaj qhov ntev ntev), thaum tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones ua rau dwarfism. Tag nrho cov lus tseeb saum toj no lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm zinc hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam uas nws txoj kev loj hlob yog tswj los ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas muaj zinc.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme carbonic anhydrase
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm catabolism nyob rau hauv cov hlwb thiab cov kua nruab nrog cev, ntau tshaj ntawm cov khoom decays accumulates: acetaldehyde, esters, carbon dioxide. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob qaug cawv, carbonic anhydrase muaj nyob rau hauv pawg enzyme ntawm lub cev. Nws muaj cov zinc ion complex thiab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo nrog dej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm hydration, co toxins yog neutralized rau cov tebchaw uas tsis muaj teeb meem rau lub cell, xws li carbonic acid. Lub enzyme, nrog rau hemoglobin, yog ib feem ntawm erythrocytes ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj, tsis yog tib neeg. Carbonic anhydrase, uas muaj zinc thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov qe ntshav liab, activates lub decomposition ntawm toxic acidic carbonate ntsev, uas accumulates nyob rau hauv cov ntshav vim lub sab hauv ua pa, rau dej thiab carbon dioxide. Qhov tseeb no ua pov thawj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm zinc hauv lub neej ntawm cov kab mob nyob.
YZinc-muaj enzyme - insulin
pancreas yog ib qho ntawm cov kabmob tseem ceeb ntawm lub plab zom mov, nws tsim tag nrho cov enzymes tseem ceeb thiab cov tshuaj hormones, ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj insulin. Nws muaj ob txoj hlua hlau uas muaj peev xwm los khi rau zinc ions. Hauv lub xeev no, insulin ua haujlwm ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav plasma. Nws txo nws cov ntau dhau, uas tshwm sim tom qab noj cov carbohydrates uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhob cij, qos yaj ywm, confectionery. Cov tshuaj hormones yog tsim los ntawm cov islets ntawm Langerhans ntawm pancreas, thiab yog tias nws tsis zais txaus, tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm zinc hauv tib neeg lub cev yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tias insulin, uas muaj nws, tseem cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism ntawm cov protein thiab lipids, ua rau cov rog rog hauv omentum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous adipose.
Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm zinc deficiency rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv?
Ua ntej, peb tau tsim qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj microelement nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus atom ntawm complex organic compounds, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub molecules ntawm ntau yam enzymes. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg - carboxypeptidases uas muaj zinc ions. Enzymes yog ib feem ntawm cov kua txiv pancreatic thiab tsim nyog rau kev zom zaub mov hauv duodenum thiab cov hnyuv. Lawv kuj koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tswj cov metabolism: vasopressin, oxytocin, insulin. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm zinc-muaj carboxypeptidases ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav coagulation, khocov ntaub so ntswg, kev ua haujlwm me me. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias zinc tsis muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv thiab muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no: txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab, cuam tshuam hauv plab hnyuv, anomalies hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua me nyuam. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tau hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv zinc deficiency
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob yog tias nws maj mam nqus los ntawm lub plab zom mov los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj keeb kwm: nyuj, mis nyuj, txiv laum huab xeeb, taub dag thiab noob hnav. Txo qhov nqus ntawm zinc los ntawm villi ntawm lub epithelium ntawm txoj hnyuv me, cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau hauv cov chyme ntawm coarse fiber, folic acid thiab tooj liab, calcium thiab cadmium ions, uas yog zinc antagonists. Qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub ntawm microelement rau cov menyuam yaus yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 7 mg, rau cov poj niam - 8 mg, rau cov txiv neej - 11 mg. Luv luv, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm zinc nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li nram no: nyob rau hauv lub pancreas, gonads, siab, lymphocytes thiab cov leeg, microelement yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem ntawm metabolic tshua, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm digestive system, endocrine thiab kev ua me nyuam. systems ntawm ib tug neeg.
