Cov kab lus piav qhia vim li cas uranium thiaj li nplua nuj, nws yog dab tsi, qhov twg nws tau mined, nws cov ntawv thov thiab cov txheej txheem enrichment yog dab tsi.
Pib ntawm lub sijhawm atomic
Cov khoom xws li uranium tau paub rau tib neeg txij thaum ub. Tab sis tsis zoo li peb lub sijhawm, lawv tsuas yog siv los tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb glaze rau ceramics thiab qee hom xim. Rau qhov no, ntuj uranium oxide tau siv, cov deposits uas muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.
Ntau tom qab, cov kws kho mob kuj tau xav txog cov khoom no. Yog li, xyoo 1789, tus kws tshawb fawb German Martin Klaproth tau tswj hwm kom tau txais uranium oxide, uas nyob rau hauv nws qhov tsis zoo ib yam li hlau, tab sis nws tsis yog. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1840, Fabkis chemist Peligot synthesized tiag tiag uranium - ib tug hnyav, silvery thiab radioactive hlau, uas Dmitry Mendeleev nkag mus rau hauv nws lub rooj ntawm lub sij hawm. Yog li vim li cas ntxiv uranium thiab nws tshwm sim li cas?
Peb lub sijhawm
Qhov tseeb, uranium ore tsis ntau txawv ntawm qhov seem. Cov no yog cov rusty cobblestones loj heev uas yog mined nyob rau hauv cov mines nyob rau hauv feem ntau txoj kev - lawv tshuab cov txheej.deposits thiab thauj mus rau saum npoo rau kev ua ntxiv. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov khoom ntuj no tsuas muaj 0.72% ntawm U235 isotope. Qhov no tsis txaus siv rau hauv reactors lossis riam phom, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab kev txheeb xyuas nws raug xa mus rau lub xeev gaseous thiab pib ua kom muaj uranium.
Feem ntau, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm cov txheej txheem no, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv nyob rau hauv Russia yog roj centrifugation.
Ib lub gaseous compound ntawm uranium yog pumped rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev teeb tsa, tom qab uas lawv tau spun mus rau qhov nrawm nrawm thiab hnyav dua molecules raug cais los ntawm cov sib zog sib dua thiab muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub nruas.
Tom qab no cov leb feem ntau sib cais thiab ib qho ntawm lawv hloov mus rau Uranium Dioxide - ib qho khoom siv ntom thiab khoom siv, uas yog tom qab ntawd tau ntim rau hauv ib hom ntawm "ntsiav tshuaj" thiab raug rho tawm hauv lub cub tawg. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cas uranium yuav tsum tau enriched rau, vim hais tias feem pua ntawm cov isotope U235 yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm magnitude siab dua nyob rau hauv cov zis, thiab nws yuav siv tau ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv reactors thiab riam phom systems.
Export
Muab piv txwv yooj yim, qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb me ntsis ntawm kev tsim cov hlau - hauv nws cov qauv qub, cov qauv tsim, cov no yog cov khoom tsis muaj nqis ntawm cov ore, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus ua cov hlau muaj zog los ntawm ntau yam kev ua..
Kuj hauv xovxwm koj tuaj yeem hnov qhov tseeb tias ntau lub tebchaws tsim kho tsawg dua piv rau tib lub tebchaws Russia feem ntau xav paub yuav ua li cas ua kom muaj uranium ntxiv?
Qhov tseeb yog qhov txheej txheem no, yog tias peb muab piv txwv nrog rojcentrifugation yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim cov kev teeb tsa zoo li no. Ntxiv mus, peb xav tau tsis yog ib qho, tab sis tag nrho cov cascade ntawm lawv. Yuav kom nkag siab txog lawv cov qib kev txawj ntse, nws tsim nyog hais tias cov "nruas" tig ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 1500 kiv puag ncig ib feeb thiab tsis nres. Cov ntaub ntawv - 30 xyoo! Yog li ntawd, qee lub tebchaws yuav enriched uranium los ntawm Russia.
Uranium nyob qhov twg hauv Russia?
93% ntawm uranium ore yog mined hauv Transbaikalia, ze ntawm lub nroog Krasnokamensk. Thiab enriched uranium nyob rau hauv Russia yog tsim los ntawm OAO TVEL.
Daim ntawv thov
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm siab tau raug txheeb xyuas, tab sis vim li cas thiaj xav tau? Cia peb tsom xam ob qho kev qhia yooj yim tshaj plaws.
Ua ntej, tau kawg, nuclear reactors. Lawv muab hluav taws xob rau tag nrho lub nroog, lub hwj chim autonomous spacecraft los tshawb txog qhov deb ntawm peb lub hnub ci system, nyob rau hauv submarines, icebreakers, tshawb fawb ships.
Thib ob, cov no yog riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj. Qhov tseeb yog tsim nyog qhia meej - nws yog uranium hauv cov foob pob uas tsis tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws tau hloov los ntawm riam phom-qib plutonium. Nws yog mined los ntawm tshwj xeeb irradiation nyob rau hauv qis-enriched uranium reactors.
Myths and interesting facts
Ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm USSR, muaj kev xav tias tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg ua phem phem lossis "cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg" raug xa mus rau cov mines uranium kom lawv yuav theej lawv qhov txhaum nrog lawv txoj haujlwm sai sai. Thiab tau kawg, lawv tsis nyob ntawd ntev heev vim hluav taws xob.
Tsis yog tiag. Tsis muaj tshwj xeebTsis muaj kev phom sij hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub mine, tej yam ntuj tso ore muaj hluav taws xob me ntsis, thiab ib tug neeg, yog tias nws muab tso rau hauv qhov tsis tau tawm hauv kuv, yuav tuag ntau dua los ntawm qhov tsis muaj hnub ci thiab huab cua ntshiab dua li kev mob hluav taws xob.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog maj mam, tsuas yog 5 teev hauv ib hnub, thiab ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau tiam neeg, debunking cov dab neeg ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm cov khoom tsim.
Thiab los ntawm depleted uranium, los ntawm txoj kev, ua cov cores ntawm riam phom plhaub. Qhov tseeb yog tias uranium hnyav dua thiab muaj zog dua cov hlau lead, vim tias cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tawg vim kev puas tsuaj, tom qab kev cuam tshuam rau lawv.
Vim li no peb thiaj paub tias yog vim li cas cov uranium thiaj li xav tau, nws siv qhov twg thiab rau lub hom phiaj twg.
