Karl Brown: biography, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom

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Karl Brown: biography, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom
Karl Brown: biography, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom
Anonim

Karl Braun yog tus kws kho mob German uas nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 19th - thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab tau los ua nto moo ua tsaug rau kev tsim cov cathode ray raj - kinescope. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, cov cuab yeej no tseem muaj npe tom qab tus kws tshawb fawb. Karl Braun tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Xyoo 1909, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais lub npe Nobel laureate hauv physics.

Diam duab los ntawm Karl Brown
Diam duab los ntawm Karl Brown

Tus neeg tsim khoom tuag rau lub Plaub Hlis 20, 1918 hauv New York.

Karl Ferdinand Braun yug rau lub Rau Hli 6, 1850 hauv ib lub nroog me me hauv German hu ua Fulda. Tus tub leej txiv, Conrad Brown, yog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsoomfwv me. Muaj 5 tus menyuam hauv tsev neeg, Carl yug kawg.

Txij thaum me nyuam yaus, tus tub tau pom kev ua siab ntev rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb. Thaum kawm ntawm ib lub gymnasium hauv zos, twb thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoo nws tau sau thawj txoj haujlwm loj - phau ntawv ntawm crystallography. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov duab kos tau ua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab cov ntawv nyeem tau ua tiav.tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj tsab xov xwm los ntawm Karl Brown tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb rau cov kws qhia.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej nkag mus hauv University of Marburg, qhov chaw nws tau paub ntau dua nrog peb yam kev tshawb fawb (lej, chemistry thiab physics). Tom qab ob lub semesters, Brown tau tsiv mus rau University of Berlin, qhov chaw uas nws tau pib koom nrog kev kawm nrog kev pabcuam nrog xibfwb Quincke. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1872, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoos, Karl tau txais nws tus kws kho mob rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev ua suab paj nruag.

Xib Fwb Quincke sai sai no tau tsiv mus rau University of Würzburg, tab sis Brown, uas ua raws nws, tsis tuaj yeem tau txais tus pab puv sijhawm nyob ntawd. Tau ntsib teeb meem nyiaj txiag, Carl txiav txim siab los ua tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsiv mus rau Leipzig.

Nyob rau xyoo 1873, tus kws tshawb fawb hluas tau ua tiav kev xeem hauv lub xeev rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd nws pib ua haujlwm, khaws kev cia siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab.

Ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv

Xyoo 1874, Karl Braun tau ua haujlwm hauv Leipzig tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab ua tus kws qhia lej thiab kev tshawb fawb. Kev qhia ntawv siv sijhawm me ntsis, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los koom nrog kev tshawb fawb. Thaum lub sijhawm no, Brown ua thawj qhov kev tshawb pom, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb pom cov nyhuv ntawm ib txoj kev conduction ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm ib lub siv lead ua hlau los yog siv lead ua ntawm lwm yam. Txij li cov cuab yeej no tsis yog Ohm txoj cai, qhov ua tiav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hluas tau pib tsis pom zoo, tab sis tom qab ntawd tau txais kev lees paub tsim nyog.

Raws li qhov kev tshawb pom no tom qabCrystal-rectifying diode tsim.

Crystal-rectifying diode
Crystal-rectifying diode

Karl Braun nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qhov pom tshwm sim, txij li qib kev paub txog lub cev thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tso cai. Qhov kev tshawb pom tau txais kev tshawb fawb tob tob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, thaum quantum mechanics pib nquag txhim kho.

Kev qhia ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv

Nyob rau xyoo 1877, Karl Braun thaum kawg tuaj yeem rov pib nws txoj haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, pib nws los ntawm kev rov qab mus rau Marburg, tab sis twb yog tus xibfwb ntawm theoretical physics. Tom qab 3 xyoos, nws tsiv mus rau Strasbourg thiab nyob hauv University of Karlsruhe rau 7 xyoo.

Xyoo 1887, Karl Braun hloov nws lub tsev kawm ntawv dua, tsiv mus rau Tübingen. Ntawm no, nrog rau cov kws tshaj lij kev ua haujlwm, tus kws tshawb fawb pabcuam hauv kev tsim kho thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub koom haum rau physics, uas nws tom qab lub taub hau. Xyoo 1895, Brown rov mus rau Strasbourg thiab tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos. Ntxiv rau nws txoj haujlwm ua thawj coj, Karl kuj tseem suav tias yog tus xibfwb hauv Department of Physics. Strasbourg University dhau los ua qhov chaw zaum kawg ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb.

Brown ntawm University of Strasbourg
Brown ntawm University of Strasbourg

Nyob hauv nws txoj haujlwm qhia, Karl Braun tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm rau nws lub peev xwm los piav qhia meej cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sim rau cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Tus xibfwb txawm sau thiab luam tawm phau ntawv hu ua "Young Mathematician and Naturalist", uas cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv dawb hauv kev lom zem.

Brown pipe

Kev tsim kho ntawm cathode oscilloscope yog qhov ua tiav thib ob ntawm Karl Brown hauv physics. Cov cuab yeej no tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv hluav taws xob thiab xov tooj cua engineering.

A niaj hnub cathode oscilloscope yog lub raj ntev nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev sab hauv, uas yog nruab nrog vertically thiab horizontally mounted deflecting coils. Cov cuab yeej tso cai rau koj pom qhov pom thiab tswj cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob.

Lub cev xim av
Lub cev xim av

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raj xim av yog hloov cov kab laug sab ntawm lub raj los ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob rau hauv daim duab duab uas siv daim iav rotating, uas hloov cov kab ntawm lub vijtsam fluorescent mus rau sab nraud ib.

Lwm kev ua tiav

Karl Braun tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev xa xov tooj cua los ntawm kev tsim ob yam khoom siv siab tshaj:

  • transmitter nrog cov kav hlau txais xov tsis muaj hluav taws xob - ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm xov tooj, uas tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm Macroni's wireless apparatus;
  • crystal detector yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus txais kev taw qhia, hloov cov coherers ua haujlwm tsawg dua.

Xyoo 1904, Brown tau ua lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb - sim ua kom pom tseeb qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb rays.

Tus kws tshawb fawb tau los ua tus Nobel tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv physics nrog rau Macroni rau nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev tsim kho xov tooj wireless.

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