Yuav ua li cas nkag siab tias yog vim li cas "plus" ntawm "muab" muab "muab"?

Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav ua li cas nkag siab tias yog vim li cas "plus" ntawm "muab" muab "muab"?
Yuav ua li cas nkag siab tias yog vim li cas "plus" ntawm "muab" muab "muab"?
Anonim

Mloog tus kws qhia lej, cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau coj cov ntaub ntawv los ua axiom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob peb tus neeg sim nkag mus rau hauv qab thiab txiav txim siab seb vim li cas qhov "tshem tawm" ntawm "ntxiv" muab lub cim "tshem tawm", thiab thaum muab ob tus lej tsis zoo, nws tawm qhov zoo.

Laws of mathematics

Cov neeg laus feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia rau lawv tus kheej lossis lawv cov menyuam vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim. Lawv tau nqus cov khoom no hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis lawv tseem tsis tau sim nrhiav seb cov kev cai no tuaj ntawm qhov twg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv vain. Feem ntau, cov menyuam yaus niaj hnub no tsis yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, lawv yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv qab ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab nkag siab, piv txwv li, vim li cas "plus" ntawm "muab" muab "muab". Thiab qee zaum tomboys txhob txwm nug cov lus nug kom txaus siab rau lub sijhawm thaum cov neeg laus tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb nkag siab. Thiab nws yog ib qho kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag yog tias tus kws qhia ntawv hluas nkag mus rau hauv kev ntxhov siab…

Ntxiv rau rho tawm muab
Ntxiv rau rho tawm muab

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txoj cai hais saum toj no siv tau rau kev sib faib thiab faib. Cov khoom ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab tus lej zoo tsuas yog muab tus lej rho tawm xwb. Yog tias peb tham txog ob tus lej nrog "-" kos npe, qhov tshwm sim yuav yog tus lej zoo. Tib yam mus rau kev faib. Yog ibib tus lej tsis zoo, ces tus quotient kuj yuav nrog ib tug "-" kos npe.

Yuav piav qhia qhov tseeb ntawm txoj cai lij choj no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov axioms ntawm lub nplhaib. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum to taub tias nws yog dab tsi. Hauv kev ua lej, nws yog kev cai hu lub nplhaib ib txheej uas muaj ob txoj haujlwm nrog ob lub ntsiab lus koom nrog. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los daws qhov no nrog piv txwv.

Axiom ntawm lub nplhaib

Muaj ntau txoj cai lej.

  • thawj tus yog commutative, raws li nws, C + V=V + C.
  • Tus thib ob hu ua associative (V + C) + D=V + (C + D).

Lawv kuj ua raws qhov sib npaug (V x C) x D=V x (C x D).

Tsis muaj leej twg txwv tsis pub leej twg muab txoj cai los qhib (V + C) x D=V x D + C x D, kuj muaj tseeb tias C x (V + D)=C x V + C x D.

lej rho tawm lub sij hawm rho tawm muab ntxiv
lej rho tawm lub sij hawm rho tawm muab ntxiv

Ntxiv rau, nws tau tsim muaj lub ntsiab tshwj xeeb, nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib ntxiv, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub nplhaib, siv cov hauv qab no yuav muaj tseeb: C + 0=C. Ntxiv rau, rau txhua C muaj qhov sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog (-C). Hauv qhov no, C + (-C)=0.

Derivation of axioms for negative tooj

Tau txais cov nqe lus saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug: "Plus" rau "muas" muab kos npe rau dab tsi? Paub txog qhov axiom txog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov lej tsis zoo, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub meej tias qhov tseeb (-C) x V=-(C x V). Thiab tseem hais tias qhov sib npaug hauv qab no muaj tseeb: (-(-C))=C.

Yuav ua li cas, peb yuav tsum xub ua pov thawj tias txhua lub ntsiab tsuas muaj ib qho xwbopposite kwv tij. Xav txog qhov piv txwv hauv qab no. Cia peb sim xav txog tias ob tus lej sib txawv rau C - V thiab D. Los ntawm qhov no nws ua raws li C + V=0 thiab C + D=0, uas yog, C + V=0=C + D. Nco ntsoov cov cai hloov chaw. thiab hais txog cov khoom ntawm tus naj npawb 0, peb tuaj yeem xav txog cov lej ntawm tag nrho peb tus lej: C, V thiab D. Cia peb sim ua kom pom tus nqi ntawm V. Nws yog qhov laj thawj uas V=V + 0=V + (C + D)=V + C + D, vim tus nqi ntawm C + D, raws li tau lees paub saum toj no, sib npaug 0. Li no, V=V + C + D.

Minus plus muab ib qho kos npe
Minus plus muab ib qho kos npe

Tus nqi rau D yog muab los ntawm tib txoj kev: D=V + C + D=(V + C) + D=0 + D=D. Raws li qhov no, nws pom tseeb tias V=D..

Yuav kom nkag siab tias yog vim li cas qhov "ntxiv" ntawm "muab" muab "muab", koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov hauv qab no. Yog li, rau lub caij (-C), qhov opposite yog C thiab (-(-C)), uas yog, lawv sib npaug rau ib leeg.

Tam sim no pom tseeb tias 0 x V=(C + (-C)) x V=C x V + (-C) x V. V, so (-C) x V=-(C x V).

Rau kev ua lej ua tiav, nws tseem yuav tsum tau lees paub tias 0 x V=0 rau ib qho twg. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov logic, ces 0 x V \u003d (0 + 0) x V \u003d 0 x V + 0 x V. Qhov no txhais tau tias ntxiv cov khoom 0 x V tsis hloov cov nqi teev nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom no yog sib npaug rau xoom.

Paub tag nrho cov axioms no, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tsis yog "ntxiv" ntau npaum li "tus lej" muab, tab sis kuj yuav tshwm sim li cas thaum koj muab cov lej tsis zoo.

Kev faib thiab faib ob tus lej nrog "-" kos npe

Yog koj tsis nkag siab txog lejnuances, koj tuaj yeem sim piav qhia cov cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov lej tsis zoo hauv txoj kev yooj yim dua.

Cia li xav tias C - (-V)=D, ces C=D + (-V), i.e. C=D - V. Hloov V thiab tau C + V=D.=C - (-V). Qhov piv txwv no piav qhia vim li cas hauv ib qho kev qhia uas muaj ob "muas" ua ke, cov cim qhia yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau "ntxiv". Tam sim no cia peb nrog kev sib ntxiv.

(-C) x (-V)=D, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv thiab rho tawm ob yam khoom zoo ib yam rau qhov kev qhia, uas yuav tsis hloov nws tus nqi: (-C) x (-V) + (C x V) - (C x V)=D.

Nco txog cov kev cai rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov brackets, peb tau txais:

1) (-C) x (-V) + (C x V) + (-C) x V=D;

2) (-C) x ((-V) + V) + C x V=D;

3) (-C) x 0 + C x V=D;

4) C x V=D.

Nws ua raws li C x V=(-C) x (-V).

Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias kev faib ob tus lej tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj qhov zoo.

General lej lej

Tau kawg, qhov kev piav qhia no tsis haum rau cov tub ntxhais kawm theem pib uas nyuam qhuav pib kawm paub tus lej tsis zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau lawv los piav qhia ntawm cov khoom pom, tswj cov lus paub los ntawm cov iav saib. Piv txwv li, invented, tab sis tsis muaj cov khoom ua si uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau ntawd. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nrog "-" kos npe. Qhov sib npaug ntawm ob lub iav tsom iav hloov lawv mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb, uas yog sib npaug rau tam sim no, uas yog, vim li ntawd, peb muaj tus lej zoo. Tab sis qhov sib npaug ntawm tus lej tsis zoo los ntawm qhov zoo tsuas yog muab cov txiaj ntsig paub rau txhua tus. Vim "plus"multiply by "minus" muab "minus". Muaj tseeb tiag, thaum muaj hnub nyoog kawm ntawv theem pib, cov menyuam yaus tsis tshua sim delve rau hauv tag nrho cov lej lej.

Ntxiv lub sij hawm rho tawm muab
Ntxiv lub sij hawm rho tawm muab

Txawm hais tias, yog tias koj ntsib qhov tseeb, rau ntau tus neeg, txawm tias muaj kev kawm qib siab, ntau txoj cai tseem yog qhov tsis paub. Txhua leej txhua tus tau txais kev tso cai rau cov kws qhia ntawv qhia lawv, tsis yog qhov poob rau delve rau hauv txhua qhov nyuaj uas lej yog fraught nrog. "Minus" ntawm "minus" muab "ntxiv" - txhua tus paub txog qhov no yam tsis muaj kev zam. Qhov no muaj tseeb rau ob qho tag nrho thiab cov zauv feem.

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