Lub xeev Simbirsk yog ib pawg tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nrog rau qhov chaw hauv nroog Simbirsk. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm tib lub npe hauv xyoo 1796. Lub chaw tswj hwm no muaj nyob rau xyoo 1924, kom txog rau thaum nws tau hloov npe lub xeev Ulyanovsk. Tom qab 4 xyoo, lub USSR pib ua lag luam zoning, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Simbirsk xeev raug tshem tawm. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1943, feem ntau ntawm nws thaj chaw qub tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm thaj chaw tshiab Ulyanovsk.
History of Lands
Tseem paub tias thaj chaw no tau nyob txij thaum ub. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg txog qhov no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic txij thaum xyoo pua 10th. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas Baghdad Caliphate tau sim tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Bulgars nyob hauv cov tebchaws no. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv thaum ub, Burtases nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub xeev, thiab Mordvinians nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volga, suav nrog qhov chaw Simbirsk nyob.
Peb centuries tom qab cov Tatars tshwm sim ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV, lub hwj chim ntawm Nizhny Novgorod princes twb ho muaj zog thiab tam sim no txuas mus rau tag nrho cov Mordovian av mus txog rau lub headwaters ntawm lub Sura, raws li zoo raws li ciam teb nrog Horde khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd tsis muaj dab tsi nyob ntawm no, tsuas yog ob peb qhov chaw tawm, ob peb lub teb chaws thiab lub nroog Kurmysh. Obviously, Lavxias teb sab colonization tseem tsis tau kis dhau tus dej Alatyr.
Nyob rau hauv Tsar Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, kev sib hais haum pib tsim ntawm no. Lub nroog Alatyr yog thawj zaug, thiab me ntsis tom qab ntawd ntau qhov kev sib haum xeeb pib tsim nyob ib puag ncig nws hauv cheeb tsam Sengileevsky thiab Syzran. Cov tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb tau npaj ib sab ntawm lawv, uas tau ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cov pej xeem los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg ywj pheej, uas ib txwm nyob ntawm Volga.
Start
Lub xeev Simbirsk tau pib tshwm sim hauv 1648, thaum kev tsim kho ntawm Simbirsk tau ua tiav tag nrho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib txoj kab tiv thaiv tau txhim tsa rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm nws, suav nrog rampart, ib tug moat thiab ib lub laj kab ntoo tom qab uas cov pej thuam thiab tsev loj cuj pom. Cov fortifications kuj dhau mus rau lub xeev Penza. Cov seem ntawm cov qauv zoo li zoo nkauj heev txawm tias thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.
35 xyoo tom qab ntawd lub nroog Syzran tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, voivodship departments twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv Alatyr thiab Kurmysh, uas belongs rau lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Tom qab lub conquest ntawm Kazan, lub teb chaws teej tug mus rau nws ntawm lub Sura thiab lub Volga los ua ib feem ntawm lub Simbirsk koog tsev kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum thawj thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1708, cov nothaj chaw mus rau lub xeev Kazan. Lub tuam tsev ntawm Simbirsk Governorate tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1780. Nyob rau hauv 1796 nws tau hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev Simbirsk, thiab nyob rau hauv 1924 nws lub nroog loj tau renamed Ulyanovsk.
Pabneeg
Lub nroog ntawm Simbirsk xeev xyoo 1850-1920. muaj 8 pawg thawj coj, uas, raws li kev suav pej xeem 1897, cov pejxeem yog:
● Alatyrsky – 158,188 tus neeg;
● Ardatovsky – 189,226 tus neeg;
● Buinsky – 182,056 tus neeg;
● Korsunsky – 217,087 tus neeg.;
● Kurmysh – 161,647 tus neeg;
● Sengileevsky – 151,726 tus neeg;
● Simbirsk – 225,873 tus neeg;● Syzran – 242 045 tus neeg
Cov pejxeem feem coob tau ua haujlwm ua liaj ua teb. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus tau koom nrog ntau yam khoom siv tes ua. Hauv cov nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev Simbirsk, tib neeg tau ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov chaw tsim khoom uas tsim ntau yam khoom.
Agriculture
Yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb tias txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos yog kev cog qoob loo. Feem ntau ntawm cov peasant allotments yog nyob rau hauv arable av. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li cov zos ntawm Simbirsk xeev tau nplua nuj nyob hauv thaj av zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no teb, rye tau sown nyob txhua qhov chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav teb - buckwheat, oats, millet thiab nplej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qoob loo zoo ntawm sunflower, lentils, peas, qos yaj ywm, flax, thiab lwm yam tau sau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, luam yeeb thiab hops tau zus tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Alatyr, Aldatovsky, Syzran thiab Kurmysh koog tsev kawm ntawv. Cov qoob loo loj heevqos yaj ywm vim muaj 60 qos yaj ywm-treacle thiab starch factories nyob rau ib ncig ntawm lub xeev.
xeev Simbirsk kuj muaj npe nrov rau nws lub vaj. Horticulture nyob rau hauv cov chaw no tau tsim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej ntawm lub Volga, txawm li cas los, me me txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog nyob rau hauv lwm lub cheeb tsam. Lawv feem ntau cog txiv apples, pear, bergamot thiab plum ntoo. Hauv cov chaw no, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev cog qoob loo tsis yog kev lag luam.
Kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam
Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom siv tes ua yog ntau hom kev ua haujlwm ntoo. Craftsmen ua lub laub thiab lub laub, sledges thiab log, khoov arches thiab runners, tais diav thiab troughs, shovels thiab decks, weaved khau bast thiab wove lev. Aldatovsky, Korsunsky, Alatyrsky thiab Syzransky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Simbirsk xeev yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo rau qhov no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 7 txhiab tus neeg tau koom nrog cov ntses no.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm yam khoom siv tes ua tau tsim kho heev ntawm no. Cov no suav nrog xaws mittens thiab khau boots, kaus mom thiab kaus mom, hnav khau thiab xaws phuam qhwv caj dab, xaws khaub ncaws rau nuv ntses thiab twisting ropes, thiab lwm yam dej num. Txhawm rau ua kom nrov khoom siv tes ua, Zemstvo tau teeb tsa cov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia ua liaj ua teb thiab kev ncaj ncees, thiab qee lub tsev kawm ntawv txawm muaj lawv cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm. Ntawm lwm yam, lub xeev Simbirsk tau nto moo rau nws txoj kev ua haujlwm nuv ntses thiab txiav ntoo.
Raws li kev tsim khoom lag luam, los ntawm 1898Muaj 18 lub chaw tsim khoom, 14 distilleries, ntau tshaj 3 txhiab lub tshuab, 5 vodka thiab 3 breweries, 7 sawmills, 1 cheese Hoobkas thiab ntau lwm lub lag luam. Xyoo no ib leeg, 82 lub rooj sib tham tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeev, qhov loj tshaj plaws uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv Simbirsk, Syzran thiab Korsun.
