Hlau thiab hlau raws li nws tau siv txhua qhov chaw hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb tus neeg paub tias cov hlau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, los yog es, nws yog mined thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov hlau alloy.
kev tsis ncaj ncees
Pib nrog, cia peb txhais cov ntsiab lus, vim tias tib neeg feem ntau tsis meej pem thiab tsis nkag siab tias hlau yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv yooj yim uas tsis pom hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab thiab tsis siv. Tab sis steel yog ib qho alloy raws li hlau. Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj, thiab kuj muaj cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog tsim nyog los muab lub zog thiab hardness.
Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog tag nrho los tham txog dab tsi hlau yog tsim los ntawm, vim nws yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Ib tug neeg ua hlau tawm ntawm nws, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem siv los ua ib yam dab tsi: bearings, lub cev tsheb, lub qhov rooj, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov khoom uas tau tsim los ntawm nws. Yog li, hauv qab no peb yuav tsis txheeb xyuas cov hlau dab tsi. Hloov chaw, cia peb tham txog kev hloov lub caij no rau hauv steel.
Production
Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub ntiaj teb no, muaj ntau quarries uas hlau ore yog mined. Cov no yog cov pob zeb loj thiab hnyav uas nyuaj heev kom tawm ntawm qhov chaw txua txiag zeb, vim lawv yog ib feem ntawm ib lub pob zeb loj. Ncaj nraim hauv cov quarries, cov khoom tawg tau muab tso rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab tawg, tom qab ntawd cov pob zeb loj heev tawg mus rau ntau qhov kev taw qhia. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau sau, thauj mus rau cov tsheb thauj khoom loj (xws li BelAZ) thiab coj mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Hlau yuav raug khawb los ntawm pob zeb no.
Qee lub sij hawm, yog cov ore nyob rau saum npoo, ces tsis tas yuav undermine nws. Nws txaus los muab faib ua tej daim nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, thauj nws mus rau lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab nqa mus.
Production
Tam sim no peb nkag siab tias hlau yog ua los ntawm. Lub pob zeb yog cov khoom siv raw rau nws cov extraction. Nws raug coj mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thauj mus rau hauv qhov cub tawg thiab ua kom sov rau qhov kub ntawm 1400-1500 degrees. Qhov kub thiab txias no yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau ib lub sijhawm. Cov hlau uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb melts thiab yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug kua daim ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tseem yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Lub resulting slags yog sib cais, thiab cov hlau nws tus kheej yog ntshiab. Tom qab ntawd cov agglomerate yog pub rau hauv lub bunker tais, qhov twg nws yog cua tshuab thiab txias nrog dej.
Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev kom tau txais hlau: lub pob zeb yog crushed thiab pub rau ib qho tshwj xeeb sib nqus sib cais. Txij li thaum hlau muaj peev xwm ua tau magnetized, cov zaub mov tseem nyob ntawm qhov sib cais, thiab tag nrhopov tseg pob zeb yog ntxuav tawm. Ntawm chav kawm, txhawm rau tig hlau mus rau hauv cov hlau thiab muab nws ib daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau alloyed nrog lwm yam - carbon. Nws qhov sib koom ntawm cov khoom muaj tsawg heev, tab sis nws yog ua tsaug rau nws tias cov hlau ua lub zog siab.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob ntawm seb cov pa roj carbon ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw, cov hlau tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Muaj, piv txwv li, tshwj xeeb engineering steel, hauv kev tsim khoom uas tsuas yog 0.75% carbon thiab manganese ntxiv rau hlau.
Tam sim no koj paub tias hlau yog ua los ntawm thiab nws hloov mus ua hlau li cas. Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia superficially, tab sis lawv qhia cov ntsiab lus. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hlau yog tsim los ntawm pob zeb, los ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem tau txais.
Producers
Hnub no, nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws muaj ntau deposits ntawm hlau ore, uas yog lub hauv paus rau zus tau tej cov ntiaj teb steel reserves. Hauv particular, Russia thiab Brazil suav txog 18% ntawm lub ntiaj teb steel ntau lawm, Australia - 14%, Ukraine - 11%. Cov neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws yog Is Nrias teb, Brazil, Australia. Nco ntsoov tias cov nqi hlau hloov tas li. Yog li, xyoo 2011 tus nqi ntawm ib tuj hlau yog 180 US las, thiab los ntawm 2016 tus nqi raug kho ntawm 35 US dollars ib ton.
Zoo kawg
Tam sim no koj paub tias hlau (lub ntsiab lus hlau) yog ua los ntawm thiab nws tsim tau li cas. Kev siv cov khoom siv no yog dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, thiab nws qhov tseem ceebNws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom overestimate, raws li nws yog siv nyob rau hauv industrial thiab domestic industries. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam ntawm qee lub tebchaws yog raws li kev tsim cov hlau thiab nws cov khoom xa tawm tom ntej.
Peb tau saib seb lub alloy muaj dab tsi. Hlau nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tov nrog carbon, thiab xws li ib tug sib tov yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntawm feem ntau paub hlau.
